Search

RESUMO A presença de atividade alelopática em cinco espécies de Gleicheniaceae (Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrader) Underw., Gleicheniella pectinata (Willd.) Ching, Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching, Sticherus penniger (Mart.) Copel., Sticherus nigropaleaceus (Sturm.) J. Prado & Lellinger) foi investigada através da ação de extratos aquosos de frondes verdes e de frondes senescentes sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento radicular de alface (Lactuca sativa L., cv. “grand rapids”). Diferenças significativas entre o controle (água destilada) e os extratos aquosos foram detectadas. Efeitos específicos foram distinguidos pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey (HSD). Observou-se redução significativa da germinação e do crescimento radicular na maioria dos tratamentos. De maneira geral, os extratos aquosos de frondes verdes mostraram-se mais ativos.

Cryptic species comprise two or more taxa that are grounded under a single name because they are more-or-less indistinguishable morphologically. These species are potentially important for detailed assessments of biodiversity, but there now appear to be many more cryptic species than previously estimated. One taxonomic group likely to contain many cryptic species is Dicranopteris , a genus of forked ferns that occurs commonly along roadsides in Asia. The genus has a complex taxonomical history, and D. linearis has been particularly challenging with many intra-specific taxa dubiously erected to accommodate morphological variation that lacks clear discontinuities. To resolve species boundaries within Dicranopteris , we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach as complementary to morphology. Specifically, we used five chloroplast gene regions (rbcL , atpB , rps4 , matK , and trnL-trnF) to generate a well-resolved phylogeny based on 37 samples representing 13 taxa of Dicranopteris , spanning the major distributional area in Asia. The results showed that Dicranopteris consists of ten highly supported clades, and D. linearis is polyphyletic, suggesting cryptic diversity within the species. Further through morphological comparison, we certainly erected Dicranopteris austrosinensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. and Dicranopteris baliensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. as distinct species and proposed five new combinations. We also inferred that the extant diversity of the genus Dicranopteris may result from relatively recent diversification in the Miocene based on divergence time dating. Overall, our study not only provided additional insights on the Gleicheniaceae tree of life, but also served as a case of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate cryptic diversity in taxonomically difficult groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptic species comprise two or more taxa that are grounded under a single name because they are more-or-less indistinguishable morphologically. These species are potentially important for detailed assessments of biodiversity, but there now appear to be many more cryptic species than previously estimated. One taxonomic group likely to contain many cryptic species is Dicranopteris , a genus of forked ferns that occurs commonly along roadsides in Asia. The genus has a complex taxonomical history, and D. linearis has been particularly challenging with many intra-specific taxa dubiously erected to accommodate morphological variation that lacks clear discontinuities. To resolve species boundaries within Dicranopteris , we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach as complementary to morphology. Specifically, we used five chloroplast gene regions (rbcL , atpB , rps4 , matK , and trnL-trnF) to generate a well-resolved phylogeny based on 37 samples representing 13 taxa of Dicranopteris , spanning the major distributional area in Asia. The results showed that Dicranopteris consists of ten highly supported clades, and D. linearis is polyphyletic, suggesting cryptic diversity within the species. Further through morphological comparison, we certainly erected Dicranopteris austrosinensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. and Dicranopteris baliensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. as distinct species and proposed five new combinations. We also inferred that the extant diversity of the genus Dicranopteris may result from relatively recent diversification in the Miocene based on divergence time dating. Overall, our study not only provided additional insights on the Gleicheniaceae tree of life, but also served as a case of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate cryptic diversity in taxonomically difficult groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptic species comprise two or more taxa that are grounded under a single name because they are more-or-less indistinguishable morphologically. These species are potentially important for detailed assessments of biodiversity, but there now appear to be many more cryptic species than previously estimated. One taxonomic group likely to contain many cryptic species is Dicranopteris, a genus of forked ferns that occurs commonly along roadsides in Asia. The genus has a complex taxonomical history, and D. linearis has been particularly challenging with many intra-specific taxa dubiously erected to accommodate morphological variation that lacks clear discontinuities. To resolve species boundaries within Dicranopteris, we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach as complementary to morphology. Specifically, we used five chloroplast gene regions (rbcL, atpB, rps4, matK, and trnL-trnF) to generate a well-resolved phylogeny based on 37 samples representing 13 taxa of Dicranopteris, spanning the major distributional area in Asia. The results showed that Dicranopteris consists of ten highly supported clades, and D. linearis is polyphyletic, suggesting cryptic diversity within the species. Further through morphological comparison, we certainly erected Dicranopteris austrosinensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. and Dicranopteris baliensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. as distinct species and proposed five new combinations. We also inferred that the extant diversity of the genus Dicranopteris may result from relatively recent diversification in the Miocene based on divergence time dating. Overall, our study not only provided additional insights on the Gleicheniaceae tree of life, but also served as a case of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate cryptic diversity in taxonomically difficult groups.

This work emphasizes the effect of the physical activation using CO2 and steam agents on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon produced from Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis), a fern species widely distributed across tropic and subtropic ecoregions. The D. linearis-derived chars produced under pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h were activated in various CO2-steam proportions. As revealed by the IR and Raman spectra, the structure of the activated chars was heavily dependent on the relative proportion of CO2 and steam. The total specific surface area (SSA) of the activated chars proportionally increased with the increase in steam proportion and was comparable to the values of commercial activated char products. Specifically, the activation under CO2− and steam-saturated conditions has correspondingly resulted in SSA increasing from 89 to 653 m2g−1 and from 89 to 1015 m2g−1. Steam also enhanced the development of mesoporous structures of the D. linearis-derived char products, thereby extending their potential applications, particularly for industries that require high rigidity in the product such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blotiella currorii (Hook.) R.M.Tryon. (Dennstaedtiaceae), Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.F.) Underw. (Gleicheniaceae), and Aleuritopteris farinosa (Forssk.) Fée (Pteridaceae) are reported for the first time in the flora of Senegal. They represent not only three more species but also two new families, Dennstaedtiaceae and Gleicheniaceae, for Senegal. Data on species, morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and geographic distribution are included. These three species were found in the interstices of the cliff of the 100-m Dindefelo Falls, which is in Kedougou region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the diversity and distribution of terrestrial and epiphytic fern in Kuantan, Pahang was conducted from January to November 2017. Fourteen species of both terrestrial and epiphytic ferns, respectively have been collected and examined from five districts of Kuantan namely Kuala Kuantan, Ulu Kuantan, Penor, Ulu Lepar and Sungai Karang. This study was carried out to examine and evaluate the distribution and to assess the abudance of epiphytic fern in Kuantan, Pahang. The materials obtained for this study were collected from sampling sites and prepared as herbarium voucher. Morphological characteristics were studied, observed and annotated. Based on this study, the terrestrial and epiphytic fern families namely Nephrolepidaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Lygodiaceae, Lindsaeceae, Woodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Davalliaceae, Aspleniaceae, Blechnaceae and Cyatheaceae were recorded. It mostly can be found in the rainforest area. An updated checklist of terrestrial and epiphytic ferns has been prepared for comparison and future reference.

Anatomically preserved fossil gleicheniaceous fern remains in carbonate marine concretions from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada support the development of a whole plant concept for an Eocene species of Gleichenia , and provide data to develop the first organismal concept for an extinct species of Gleichenia from the Cenozoic fossil record. New information for completing the plant reconstruction includes anatomically preserved pinnule fragments with attached radial exindusinate sori of six to seven annulate sporangia containing trilete spores. While the overall pattern of evolution within Gleicheniaceae remains incompletely understood because well-documented fossils from pre-Cretaceous deposits are inconsistently preserved, this organismal plant concept strengthens evidence that all diagnostic features of the family Gleicheniaceae were present, and that essentially modern species were well-established and diversifying during the Cretaceous and Paleogene. • First whole plant reconstruction of a Cenozoic species of Gleichenia. • Characterized by both external morphology and internal anatomy. • Evidence of stems, frond fragments, and sori of sporangia containing spores. • Essentially modern species of Gleicheniaceae evolved no later than the Paleogene. • Family Gleicheniaceae is inconclusively present in pre-Cretaceous deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The present study investigated the potential of methanolic extract of Dicranopteris linearis (MEDL) leaves to attenuate liver intoxication induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in rats. Methods A group of mice (n = 5) treated orally with a single dose (5000 mg/kg) of MEDL was first subjected to the acute toxicity study using the OECD 420 model. In the hepatoprotective study, six groups of rats (n = 6) were used and each received as follows: Group 1 (normal control; pretreated with 10% DMSO (extract’s vehicle) followed by treatment with 10% DMSO (hepatotoxin’s vehicle) (10% DMSO +10% DMSO)), Group 2 (hepatotoxic control; 10% DMSO +3 g/kg APAP (hepatotoxin)), Group 3 (positive control; 200 mg/kg silymarin +3 g/kg APAP), Group 4 (50 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP), Group 5 (250 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP) or Group 6 (500 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP). The test solutions pre-treatment were made orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, and 1 h after the last test solutions administration (on Day 7th), the rats were treated with vehicle or APAP. Blood were collected from those treated rats for biochemical analyses, which were then euthanized to collect their liver for endogenous antioxidant enzymes determination and histopathological examination. The extract was also subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory investigation and, HPLC and GCMS analyses. Results Pre-treatment of rats (Group 2) with 10% DMSO failed to attenuate the toxic effect of APAP on the liver as seen under the microscopic examination. This observation was supported by the significant (p

Context: Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. (Gleicheniaceae) has been scientifically proven to exert various pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, its anti-proliferative potential has not been extensively investigated. Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative potential of D. linearis leaves and determine possible mechanistic pathways. Materials and methods: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of D. linearis methanol (MEDL) and petroleum ether (PEEDL) extracts at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 µg/mL against a panel of cancer cell lines (breast [MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231], cervical [HeLa], colon [HT-29], hepatocellular [HepG2] and lung [A549]), as compared to negative (untreated) and positive [5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated] control groups. Mouse fibroblast cells (3T3) were used as normal cells. The mode of cell death was examined using morphological analysis via acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Cell cycle arrest was determined using flow cytometer, followed by annexin V-PI apoptosis detection kit. Results: MEDL demonstrated the most significant growth inhibition against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 22.4 µg/mL). PEEDL showed no cytotoxic effect. Induction of apoptosis by MEDL was evidenced via morphological analysis and acridine orange propidium iodide staining. MEDL could induce S phase cell cycle arrest after 72 h of incubation. Early apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-231 cells was confirmed by annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Significant increase in apoptotic cells were detected after 24 h of treatment with 15.07% cells underwent apoptosis, and the amount escalated to 18.24% with prolonged 48 h incubation. Conclusions: MEDL has potential as a potent cytotoxic agent against MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structurally preserved fossil ferns are extremely significant for exploring the origin and evolution of this plant clade; however, they are quite scarce and limited in the Mesozoic. Here, we report some well-preserved fern rhizomes and rachides with anatomical details from the Upper Jurassic Manketouebo Formation in Inner Mongolia, NE China. Two taxa, including Ashicaulis liaoningensis (Zhang et Zheng) Tidwell referred to Osmundaceae and Gleicheniorachis sinensis sp. nov. referred to Gleicheniaceae, are recognized. Anatomically, Ashicaulis liaoningensis consists of a heterogeneous pith, an ectophloic dictyoxylic siphonostele, a twolayered cortex, C-shaped leaf traces, and a mantle of petiole bases. The petiole base is characterized by a heterogeneous sclerotic ring with an abaxial thick-walled fiber arc. Gleicheniorachis sinensis sp. nov. consists of a C-shaped vascular bundle with two incurved adaxial hooks, a distinct sclerenchyma sheath, an endodermis, and a heterogeneous cortex. In particular, the finding of Gleicheniorachis sinensis sp. nov. represents the first report of unequivocal Jurassic record of Gleicheniaceae in northern China, as well as the first record of a Jurassic permineralized gleicheniaceous fern in the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides new data and evidence for exploring the anatomical diversity and evolution of Mesozoic ferns, and contributes to further understanding the floral composition of Late Jurassic flora in Northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical study on the aerial parts of Diplopterygium chinense (Rosenstock) De Vol yielded fifteen compounds consisting of five steroids (1 – 3 , 8 , and 9), two diterpenoids (4 and 5), two triterpenoids (6 and 7), three flavone glycosides (10 , 11 , and 13), and three flavonol glycosides (12 , 14 , and 15). Their structures were identified according to NMR, MS, ORD, and CD data. This is the first study on the chemical constituents of D. chinense. Compounds 1 – 4 , 6 – 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 , and 15 were first found from the genus Diplopterygium , while compounds 7 , 11 , 14 , and 15 were first reported from the family Gleicheniaceae. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was discussed. • Fifteen compounds were first isolated from Diplopterygium chinense (Rosenstock) De Vol. • Eleven compounds were first reported from the genus Diplopterygium. • The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time the plants that gave rise to the Early Cretaceous coals of Transbaikalia (Khilok, Chita-Ingoda, Bukachacha, and Turga-Kharanor basins), Amur River region (Bureya Basin), and Primorye region (Razdolnaya River and Partizansk River basins) have been obtained. The plants that produced coals mainly belong to the ginkgoaleans ( Pseudotorellia, Sphenobaiera, and Baierella), bennettites, and conifers having pinaceous, taxodiaceous, araucariaceous affinity, as well as extinct cheirolepidiaceous and miroviaceous plants. A parallel palynological study has identified a number of the same elements in addition to the cyatheaceous, gleicheniaceous, osmundaceous, and schizaeaceous ferns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial fossil frond impressions of aGleichenia-like fern are described and figured from specimens recovered from the early Miocene Landslip Hill silcrete deposit, Gore Lignite Measures, Southland, New Zealand. The fronds are at least bipinnate, with the pinnae (β costae) bearing opposite pairs of ultimate leaflets; ultimate segments opposite to alternate, laterally directed, ovate, slightly recurved, apices rounded obtuse. The sori are solitary per ultimate segment and there are 5–16 sporangial base scars per sorus. However, because of the difficulty of assigningGleichenia-like partial fronds to genus, or even to Gleicheniaceae, the fossils are assigned to the fossil fern genusKorallipterisas a new species,K. alineae.Comparison with living and CenozoicGleichenia-like macrofossils suggests that the fossil shows morphological resemblance to the extant speciesG. inclusisoraandG. microphylla. The macrofossils are discussed in terms of their possible palaeoenvironmental setting, together with abundant, potentially associated dispersed Gleicheniaceae fossil spores recovered from interbedded lignites. AssumingK. alineaeis gleicheniaceous, it probably grew as a pioneer coloniser species in a periodically flooded/disturbed open deltaic riverine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rare earth elements (REEs) from ex-mining area in Lahat, Perak, Malaysia were investigated in different plant species belonging to Cyperaceae, Gleicheniaceae and Melastomataceae families and soil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The plant samples were divided into root, stem, leaves and flowers to determine the variations in the distribution of REEs, their uptake capacity, and bioavailability. The aims of the work were to evaluate REEs uptake levels and bioavailability in plants. The work observed highest amount of cerium (Ce) 425.5 mg kg-1 in the soil samples. Light rare earth elements (LREEs) were found in greater concentration in plants and soil samples than heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Our findings suggest Dicranopteris dichotoma, Dicranopteris linearis (Burn) (B) and Cyperus rotundus L. as hyper accumulative for REEs. This study accounts all the REEs indicating LREEs (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, and Gd) in abundance with their uptake capacity, accumulation and transfer to other plant parts. Transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were also calculated to estimate the toxicity of REEs in the ex-mining area. BCF and BAF values found highest for yttrium and ytterbium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study investigated the potential of methanolic extract of Dicranopteris linearis (MEDL) leaves to attenuate liver intoxication induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in rats. Methods: A group of mice (n = 5) treated orally with a single dose (5000 mg/kg) of MEDL was first subjected to the acute toxicity study using the OECD 420 model. In the hepatoprotective study, six groups of rats (n = 6) were used and each received as follows: Group 1 (normal control; pretreated with 10% DMSO (extract's vehicle) followed by treatment with 10% DMSO (hepatotoxin's vehicle) (10% DMSO +10% DMSO)), Group 2 (hepatotoxic control; 10% DMSO +3 g/kg APAP (hepatotoxin)), Group 3 (positive control; 200 mg/kg silymarin +3 g/kg APAP), Group 4 (50 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP), Group 5 (250 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP) or Group 6 (500 mg/kg MEDL +3 g/kg APAP). The test solutions pre-treatment were made orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, and 1 h after the last test solutions administration (on Day 7th), the rats were treated with vehicle or APAP. Blood were collected from those treated rats for biochemical analyses, which were then euthanized to collect their liver for endogenous antioxidant enzymes determination and histopathological examination. The extract was also subjected to in vitro anti-inflammatory investigation and, HPLC and GCMS analyses. Results: Pre-treatment of rats (Group 2) with 10% DMSO failed to attenuate the toxic effect of APAP on the liver as seen under the microscopic examination. This observation was supported by the significant (p < 0.05) increased in the level of serum liver enzymes of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and significant (p < 0.05) decreased in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in comparison to Group 1. Pre-treatment with MEDL, at all doses, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of ALT and AST while the levels of CAT and SOD was significantly (p < 0.05) restored to their normal value. Histopathological studies showed remarkable improvement in the liver cells architecture with increase in dose of the extract. MEDL also demonstrated a low to none inhibitory activity against the respective LOX- and NO-mediated inflammatory activity. The HPLC and GCMS analyses of MEDL demonstrated the presence of several non-volatile (such as rutin, gallic acid etc.) and volatile (such as methyl palmitate, shikimic acid etc.) bioactive compounds. Conclusion: MEDL exerts hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced intoxication possibly via its ability to partly activate the endogenous antioxidant system and presence of various volatile and non-volatile bioactive compounds that might act synergistically to enhance the hepatoprotective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic composition of the palynological assemblage of the Dongning Formation is supplemented. The palynological assemblage corresponds to those from the Lipovtsy Formation (Aptian) in the Razdolnaya Basin of Primorye (Russia) and the Muling Formation (Aptian) in the Jixi Basin of eastern Heilongjiang (China). It is found that the age of the Dongning Formation is Aptian. The palynological assemblage is characterized by dominance of spores of Gleicheniaceae; they are accompanied by spores of Cyatheaceae. The most important feature of the palynological assemblage of the Dongning Formation is the presence of angiosperm pollen ( Tricolpites sp., T. micromunus, T. vulgaris, Retitricolpites georgiensis, R. vulgaris, Clavatipollenites hughesii, Quercites sparsus, Fraxiniopollenites variabilis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because synonymy treatment traditionally relies on morphological judgments, it usually causes many problems in species delimitation and in the biodiversity catalogue. For example, Diplopterygium simulans, which belongs to the Gleicheniaceae family, has been considered to be synonymous with D. glaucum or D. giganteum based mainly on the morphology of its pinna rachis and blade. In the absence of molecular evidence, these revisions remain doubtful. DNA barcoding, which is considered to be a powerful method for species-level identification, was employed to assess the genetic distance among 9 members of the Diplopterygium genus. The results indicate that D. simulans is an independent species rather than a synonymy of D. glaucum or D. giganteum. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis uncovered the sisterhood of D. simulans and D. cantonense, which is supported by their geographical distributions and morphological traits. Incorrect synonymy treatment is prevalent in the characterization of biological diversity, and our study proposes a convenient and effective method for validating synonym treatments and discovering cryptic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few well-documented members of the Gleicheniaceae from the Cenozoic. Most records are confined to Australia and New Zealand and of sterile material. Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp. nov. was found at McGraths Flat, a recently discovered fossil deposit in central New South Wales (Australia). In this Lagerstätte, fossil preservation in the iron hydroxide mineral goethite provides a remarkable level of subcellular detail. The sori of Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp. nov. occur in a distinct chamber within the lamina, a feature only seen in three extant members of this genus, one from Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, another from New Zealand, and the third from Malesia. Gleichenia nagalingumiae sp. nov. is the first record of a taxon with sori in laminar pits from Australia. Recent molecular phylogenies place taxa with sori in laminar pits at the base of the Gleichenia clade. Our discovery suggests that Gleichenia species with sori in laminar pits were more widespread than previously thought. The presence of Gleichenia in this deposit indicates open and disturbed habitats in the region. • A new Gleichenia with sori borne in laminar pits is described from the Miocene of Australia • Remarkably detailed preservation by Goethite reveals fine cellular detail not normally present in fossil material • Gleichenia with sori in laminar pits represents a basal feature of the Gleichenia clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper was to determine the allelopathic potential of Gleichenella pectinata on three weed species (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv (Poaceae), Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell (Convolvulaceae) and Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae)). The experimental design was entirely randomized, with six replicates. The target plant responses were analyzed individually (percentage and average time of germination of the seeds and initial growth of seedlings) or combined, using the Global Effect Index. The extracts had a low effect on the percentage and average time of seed germination, but inhibited the seedling growth. The combined analysis revealed that almost all treatments caused inhibition. This analysis also showed the differences between the two phenological stages.Com o objetivo de determinar o potencial alelopático de Gleichenella pectinata sobre três espécies de plantas infestantes de culturas (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv (Poaceae), Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell (Convolvulaceae) e Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae)) foram realizados experimentos em laboratório. O delineamento experimental foi totalmente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco réplicas. As respostas das plantas alvo foram analisadas individualmente (porcentagem e tempo de germinação das sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas) ou combinadas, através do Índice do efeito Global. Os extratos tiveram pouco efeito sobre a porcentagem e tempo de germinação das sementes, mas inibiram significativamente o tamanho das plântulas. A análise combinada dos parâmetros revelou uma inibição provocada por quase todos os tratamentos. Essa análise evidenciou também efeitos distintos entre os extratos de frondes férteis e frondes estéreis.

O presente trabalho trata da pteridoflora da Mata do Estado, localizada no município de São Vicente Férrer, Zona da Mata Norte do estado de Pernambuco. Esta área, com extensão aproximada de 600 ha e localizada a 600-650 m de altitude, é ocupada originalmente por floresta úmida e fragmentos de floresta serrana (Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana), estando ainda bem conservada. O estudo apresenta chaves para a identificação taxonômicas das famílias de pteridófitas ocorrentes na área e o tratamento taxonômico das famílias Gleicheniaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Marattiaceae e Vittariaceae ocorrentes na área de estudo. apresentadas descrições das espécies e das famílias, ilustrações, chaves para os gêneros e espécies, bem como comentários sobre todos os táxons. Gleicheniaceae está representada na área estudada por Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw.; Hymenophyllaceae, por Trichomanes hymenoides Hedw., T. krausii Hook. & Grev. e T. ovale (Fourn.) W. Boer.; Marattiaceae, por Danaea elliptica Sm.; e Vittariaceae, por Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon e Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.

The cyclic succession of brown coals in the Latrobe Valley, Gippsland Basin, Australia, records an exceptional floral and charcoal record from the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene. New palynological, geological and charcoal data are consistent with existing colourimetry, carbon isotope, and organic geochemical and palaeobotanical data, indicating that the repeated lithotype cycles represent relative drying (terrestrialization). Based on this detailed palynological study, the vegetation succession within the Latrobe Valley peatlands is interpreted to have begun with a fire-prone emergent marsh of bulrushes (Typhaceae), which grades landward into a fire-prone meadow marsh of rushes (Restionaceae), heaths (Ericaceae) and coral-ferns (Gleicheniaceae). This marsh environment then developed into a forested bog, with gymnosperms (e.g. the Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus and Dacrydium ) as the dominant trees, until an ombrogenous forest bog developed, predominantly consisting of angiosperms (e.g. Nothofagus , Quintinia ). The similarity between vegetation successions in New Zealand and the lightening-upwards cycles from the Latrobe Valley coals suggests that New Zealand's modern vegetation communities represent a floral analogue for the successions preserved in the Latrobe Valley coals. High abundances of micro and macro charcoal recorded in the darker lithotypes, within the lithotype cycles of the M1B and M2A seams, suggest that the Latrobe Valley peatlands were subject to repeated fires during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen lectotypes are chosen for basionyms relevant to New Zealand representatives of the fern family Gleicheniaceae:Gleichenia alpinaR.Br.,Gleichenia ciliataColenso,Gleichenia cunninghamiiHook.,G. cunninghamiivar.montanumDobbie,Gleichenia dicarpaR.Br.,Gleichenia flabellataR.Br.,Gleichenia hecistophyllaA.Cunn.,Gleichenia hermanniiR.Br.,Gleichenia microphyllaR.Br.,Gleichenia patensColenso,Gleichenia punctulataColenso,Gleichenia semivestitaLabill. andGleichenia teneraR.Br. Four basionyms remain un-typified; three of these are varietal names for which the original materials have not been located, while the fourth,Gleichenia circinnataSw., requires further examination. This article is a contribution towards clarifying the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of New Zealand plants for the plant names database (Ngā Tipu Aotearoa) and the electronic Flora of New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta un manuscrito inédito del naturalista Gualterio Looser (1886-1982), sobre los helechos medicinales de Chile y sus nombres vulgares. Se agregan nombres científicos actuales, se detallan las citas bibliográficas y se actualiza la ortografía. El documento original se encuentra archivado en la biblioteca del Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción.This paper presents a previously unpublished manuscript by the naturalist Gualterio Looser (1886-1982), on Chilean medicinal ferns and their popular names. Current scientific names are added, bibliographic references are given in full, and spelling modernized. The original document is archived in the library of the Department of Botany, Universidad de Concepción.

The fern Gleichenia japonica often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific stands throughout the temperate to tropical Asia. The objective of this study was the investigation of allelopathic property and substances of the decomposing litter of the fern to evaluate the possible involvement of its allelopathy in the domination. An aqueous methanol extract of G. japonica litter inhibited the growth of garden cress ( Lepidium sativum ), lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ), and ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ). This result suggests that G. japonica litter contains growth inhibitory substances. The extract was purified by chromatography while monitoring the inhibitory activity, and a growth inhibitory substance was isolated. The chemical structure of the substance was determined by spectral data to be a novel compound, 13- O -β-fucopyranosyl-3β-hydroxymanool. This compound inhibited root and shoot growth of garden cress and barnyard grass at concentrations ranging from 89.7 to 271 μM for 50% inhibition. In addition, the compound had potent growth inhibitory activity with the soil taken from near the colony. The concentration of the compound in soil under a pure colony of G. japonica was 790 μM, suggesting that the compound may contribute to the establishment of monocultural stands by this fern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation on the 70% EtOH extract from the dry fronds ofDiplopterygium rufopilosumafforded two new labdane-type diterpene glycosides, (3β,13S)-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-13-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-labda-8(17),14-diene (1) and (3β,13S)-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-13-O-[6-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-2-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-labda-8(17),14-diene (2). Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical method and spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and HR-ESI-MS analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los integrantes de las Gleicheniaceae destacan entre las plantas escandentes, por ser típicos de los ambientes paramunos y laderas abiertas en la región del Bosque Húmedo Montano. Esta familia está representada en la flora peruana con tres géneros y más de 20 especies (Tryon & Stolze, 1993; Smith et al., 2005). Solamente una especie es considerada un endemismo para el Perú.

The present study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective activity of Dicranopteris linearis L. (family Gleicheniaceae) leaf aqueous extract (DLAE) using two models of liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into ten groups (n=6) and received dH2O (negative control), 200 mg/kg silymarin (positive control) or DLAE (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 consecutive days and on the 8th day subjected to the hepatotoxic induction either using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or paracetamol (PCM). The bloods and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. From the data obtained, only the highest dose of DLAE significantly (p<0.05) reduced the ALP, ALT and AST levels in CCl4-and PCM-induced hepatotoxic rats while the other doses caused significant (p<0.05) reduction only in the levels of ALT and AST. The histological results obtained were in line with the biochemical analysis wherein reduction in the CCl4- and PCM-induced tissue formation of necrosis, steatosis and inflammation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the DLAE possesses hepatoprotective activity, which could be attributed to its free radicals scavenging and antioxidant activities, and high flavonoids content. Thus, in-depth studies regarding the hepatoprotective activity of DLAE are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Three new ecdysteroids were isolated from Diplopterygium rufopilosum. [•] Two known ecdysteroids were also acquired from the title plant. [•] The isolated ecdysteroids were evaluated in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial properties. [•] They all exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against the oral pathogens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Keywords: Gleicheniaceae; cryptic diversity; species delimitation; phylogeny; taxonomy; new combination EN Gleicheniaceae cryptic diversity species delimitation phylogeny taxonomy new combination 1 1 1 04/14/22 20220412 NES 220412 In the original article, there were three errors. Gleicheniaceae, cryptic diversity, species delimitation, phylogeny, taxonomy, new combination. [Extracted from the article]