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Rationale: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common among the elderly and increases the risk of cardiovascular events, disability and death. PAD course and outcomes depend not only on the condition of macrovasculature but also on the tissue perfusion. We have previously shown that Type 2 diabetic patients with lower extremity ischemia have significantly lower perfusion than healthy volunteers, and the ratio of basal perfusion in the arm and leg (BP1/BP3) measured by incoherent optical fluctuation flowmetry (IOFF) allows to identify hemodynamically significant stenoses. Aim: To analyze associations between perfusion parameters registered by IOFF and the severity of vascular involvement in PAD patients. Methods: This single center cross-sectional study included 38 PAD patients admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery and Coronary Artery Disease. The arteries were assessed with duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU), according to the results of which the PAD severity score and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were calculated. Skin microhemodynamic parameters were recorded by IOFF. The basal perfusion on the arm (BP1), the dorsal foot surface and the toe (BP2 and BP3), the ratio BP1/BP3, local thermal hyperemia (LTH2 and LTH3) and an increase in perfusion after heating on two leg zones (LTH2-BP2, LTH3-BP3) were evaluated and expressed in perfusion units (PU). BP1, BP3, and BP1/BP3 values were additionally measured with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The analysis was performed depending on the degree of arterial involvement determined by DDU for each limb separately (n = 73). There were ≥ 50% stenoses in 15 extremities (Group 1), occlusion of one of the major arteries in 42 (Group 2) and ≥ 2 occlusions in 16 lower extremities (Group 3). Results: In the groups 1, 2 and 3, the values of most parameters estimated by IOFF decreased with an increase in severity of limb lesions. As an example, the respective perfusion parameters for the big toe in the study groups were as follows: BP3 4.0 [2.0; 9.8], 2.2 [0.9; 3.7] and 1.1 [0.7; 2.6] PU (p = 0.007); LTH3 10.0 [6.4; 14.9], 5.0 [1.5; 7.8] and 2.5 [1.4; 4.5] PU (p 0.001), and LTH3-BP3 3.8 [2.6; 7.8], 2.4 [0.6; 4.3] and 1.2 [0.4; 1.5] PU (p = 0.001). The BP1/BP3 ratio in the above mentioned group increased: 1.8 [0.8; 7.7], 7.2 [3.4; 21.3] and 14.2 [6.6; 18.3] (p = 0.004), respectively. No similar trend was found for this parameter registered by LDF. There were significant correlations between the lower extremities perfusion parameters measured by IOFF and ABI, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.365 to 0.717 (p 0.05). Conclusion: The functional parameters of the skin microhemodynamics vary with different PAD severity. In addition, they correlate with clinical indicators of atherosclerosis. The IOFF technique can be promising as an additional quantitative method for assessment of microvascular blood flow in patients with PAD.

INTRODUCTION. Despite existing treatment methods, complete eradication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains an unattainable goal due to the high variability of HIV type 1 (HIV-1). HIV infection necessitates life-long administration of antiretroviral medicinal products, which cause serious adverse drug reactions. The development of gene therapy products based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors encoding broadly neutralising antibodies represents a promising direction for creating long-term therapies capable of countering a wide range of viral variants.AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of CombiMab-2, a medicinal product consisting of a combination of three AAV vectors (AAV9-VRC07-523, AAV9-10-1074, and AAV9-PGDM1400) encoding broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1, in a humanised mouse model.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used an HIV infection model based on immunodeficient B-NDG mice humanised with human CD4+ lymphocytes (1.5×107 cells per animal) from a leukoconcentrate of a healthy donor. The experiment used two groups of mice, including a control group (3 animals) receiving saline solution and an experimental group (5 animals) receiving CombiMab-2. The medicinal product was administered into different muscles as three separate components six weeks prior to infection. The CCR5-tropic HIV-1 strain was obtained by transfecting HEK293FT cells with the pNL4-3(AD8) plasmid encoding the full-length virus. The authors monitored viral loads in the plasma of animals by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and CD4+ lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood of animals by flow cytometry for four weeks after infection.RESULTS. Six weeks after CombiMab-2 administration, the levels of broadly neutralising antibodies in the serum of humanised mice ranged from 0.17 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL. In the control group, the viral load reached 105 copies/mL one week after HIV-1 infection and continued to rise over the next three weeks. In the treatment group, infection developed only in one mouse, which had the lowest antibody titre before infection. No viral load was detected in the remaining mice of the treatment group, which indicated that the medicinal product was effective if serum concentrations of broadly neutralising antibodies reached 0.5 μg/mL or higher.CONCLUSIONS. The tested medicinal product based on three AAV vectors (AAV9-VRC07-523, AAV9-10-1074, and AAV9-PGDM1400) exhibits protective activity against HIV-1 in humanised mice. The presented data allow the authors to consider CombiMab-2 as a promising antiviral agent that can serve as a basis for further pharmaceutical development.

The text complexity assessment is an applied problem of current interest with potential application in the drafting of legal documents, editing textbooks, and selecting books for extracurricular reading. The methods for generating a feature vector when automatically assessing the text complexity are quite diverse. Early approaches relied on easily calculable quantities, such as the average length of a sentence or the average number of syllables per word. With the development of natural language processing algorithms, the space of used features is expanding. In this work, we examined three groups of features: 1) automatically generated keywords, 2) information about the features of morphemic word parsing, and 3) information about the diversity, branching, and depth of syntactic trees. The RuTermExtract algorithm was utilized to generate keywords, a convolutional neural network model was used to generate morphemic parses, and the Stanza model, trained on the SynTagRus corpus, was used to generate syntax trees. We conducted a comparison using four different machine learning algorithms and four annotated Russian-language text corpora. The corpora used differ both in the domain and markup paradigm, due to which the results obtained more objectively reflect the real relationship between the characteristics and the text complexity. The use of keywords performed worse on average than the use of topic markers obtained using latent Dirichlet allocation. In most situations, morphemic characteristics turned out to be more effective than previously described methods for assessing the lexical complexity of a text: the frequency of words and the occurrence of word-formation patterns. The use of an extensive set of syntactic features allowed, in most cases, to improve the quality of work of neural network models in comparison with the previously described set.

Logistics and transport-production processes are critical components in the management of supply chains for enterprises. Increasing demands for the accessibility and efficiency of these processes necessitate further refinement of logistics theory and practice. The primary objective of this research was to establish the interrelationship between the structure and functioning of transport operations within manufacturing enterprises. The application of cluster analysis methods revealed the unique structure of each cluster, reflecting the specificity of transport operations. The obtained results determine the stability of the logistic cluster for a specific type of transport and its impact on overall efficiency. The research also emphasizes the importance of improving the quality of transport-production processes to ensure efficiency in supply chains. Quality and logistics service analysis identified factors that can be enhanced, such as service complexity, responsiveness to unforeseen orders, professionalism of the personnel, and fulfillment of order-related commitments. The conclusions drawn contribute to the development of logistics science and theory, providing practical insights by urging manufacturing companies to implement recommendations for optimizing their transport-production processes and selecting the most effective partners in this context. Thus, the originality of the article lies in expanding theoretical concepts of logistics and defining the specifics of transport-production processes.

Background. The commitment to vaccination of outpatient doctors is one of the factors that affects patients’ confidence in preventive vaccinations and, as a result, the incidence of controlled infections. Unfortunately, emotionally colored information is currently spreading among the population faster than scientifically proven facts all over the world.The aim of this study is the examine of the level of knowledge and attitude to vaccination of doctors in one of the children’s polyclinics in Moscow.Methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among medical doctors of different specialties who expressed their attitude to various aspects of immunoprophylaxis and demonstrated knowledge in this field. Results. The survey demonstrated a positive attitude of respondents towards immunization, while some of them showed a cautious attitude towards the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, misconceptions (erroneous assumptions), increased susceptibility to “myths” about preventive vaccinations.Conclusion. The level of knowledge of medical doctors on vaccine prevention within a single health care institution range from insufficient training, including misconceptions, to a high level of knowledge and commitment regarding immunization. It is necessary to regularly maintain current theoretical knowledge of doctors and consolidate it in practice.

Introduction. The state policy in the sphere of heat supply, aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of this sphere, as well as achieving its energy security property, is implemented through the functioning of unified heat supply organizations (UHSO), acting as the centre of responsibility, modernization and technological development of heat supply in the assigned territory. One of the priority directions of modernization of heat supply is its innovative development, therefore the purpose of the study is to consider the directions of state policy implementation in the issues of innovative development of the heat supply sector, in particular, the study of issues of innovative development of UHSO. The process of innovation implementation in the study is represented by three main stages — preparatory, implementation and final. Consideration of the content characteristics of the preparatory stage made it possible to identify the methods of introducing innovations into unified heat supply organizations and the tools corresponding to the methods. In the course of studying the features of the implementation stage of innovation, the sequence of the implementation stage of innovation in relation to the unified heat supply organizations, taking into account their specifics, is determined. The description of the final stage made it possible to detail the processes of monitoring and control over the implementation of innovations in UHSO.Materials and methods. The normative basis of the study was the legislative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the heat supply activities and determining the directions of state policy in the sphere under consideration. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of Russian and foreign authors on the issues of development, modernization, technical re-equipment of the heat supply sector and its innovative development. The methods of empirical and theoretical levels are the methodological basis.Results. The result of the research is the developed methodological approach to the introduction of innovations into unified heat supply organizations authorized to implement the state policy in the sphere of heat supply, including the identification of the features of the preparatory, implementation and final stages of innovation in the organization.Conclusions. The strategic prospects of the heat supply sphere development fixed by the legislation provide for the implementation of programmes of innovative development of heat supply, which should be supported by the state, and the implementation should be carried out by unified heat supplying organizations responsible for the development of the heat supply system in the territory assigned to them, which makes it expedient to consider in detail the issues of innovative development of the heat supply subject implementing the state policy in the heat supply sphere.

In this work, we applied the multilingual text-to-text transformer (mT5) to the task of keyphrase generation for Russian scientific texts using the Keyphrases CS&Math Russian corpus. The automatic selection of keyphrases is a relevant task of natural language processing since keyphrases help readers find the article easily and facilitate the systematization of scientific texts. In this paper, the task of keyphrase selection is considered as a text summarization task. The mT5 model was fine-tuned on the texts of abstracts of Russian research papers. We used abstracts as an input of the model and lists of keyphrases separated with commas as an output. The results of mT5 were compared with several baselines, including TopicRank, YAKE!, RuTermExtract, and KeyBERT. The results are reported in terms of the full-match F1-score, ROUGE-1, and BERTScore. The best results on the test set were obtained by mT5 and RuTermExtract. The highest F1-score is demonstrated by mT5 (11,24 %), exceeding RuTermExtract by 0,22 %. RuTermextract shows the highest score for ROUGE-1 (15,12 %). According to BERTScore, the best results were also obtained using these methods: mT5 — 76,89 % (BERTScore using mBERT), RuTermExtract — 75,8 % (BERTScore using ruSciBERT). Moreover, we evaluated the capability of mT5 for predicting the keyphrases that are absent in the source text. The important limitations of the proposed approach are the necessity of having a training sample for fine-tuning and probably limited suitability of the fine-tuned model in cross-domain settings. The advantages of keyphrase generation using pre-trained mT5 are the absence of the need for defining the number and length of keyphrases and normalizing produced keyphrases, which is important for flective languages, and the ability to generate keyphrases that are not presented in the text explicitly.

The domestic sphere of heat supply, which is currently in decline due to the critical technical condition of Russia’s heat sector, requires measures to modernize it. It is necessary to strive for innovative development of the sector. The introduction of innovations can significantly accelerate the modernization processes, as well as ensure the fulfillment of environmental safety property of heat supply, that is, the ability to influence the reduction of environmental damage to the environment during the operation of heat supply facilities. The main entity implementing modernization processes and innovative solutions in heat supply systems is a unified heat supplying organization, which is legally assigned the function of strategic development of the heat supply system in its subordinate territory. The issues of modernization and innovative development of heat supply systems involve the need for significant investments in these processes. In this regard, the author’s approach to assessing the effectiveness of introducing innovations into a single heat supply organization and the heat supply system assigned to it has been formed using criteria that allow jointly assessing both economic efficiency and environmental and social effects of decisions taken and innovations implemented.

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer a promising approach for the treatment of HIV-1. The current paradigm for antibody therapy involves passive antibody transfer, requiring regular delivery of bNAbs in treating chronic diseases such as HIV-1. An alternative strategy is to use AAV-mediated gene transfer to enable in vivo production of desirable anti-HIV-1 antibodies. In this study, we investigated two sets of triple combinations of AAV9-vectors encoding different bNAbs: N6, 10E8, 10-1074 (CombiMab1), and VRC07-523, PGDM1400, 10-1074 (CombiMab2). We used CBAxC57Bl and C57BL/6 mouse models to characterize rAAV-induced antibody expression and to evaluate the neutralization capacity of mouse sera against a global panel of HIV-1 viral strains. rAAV9-mediated IgG expression varied between bNAb clones and mouse strains, with C57BL/6 mice exhibiting higher bNAb titers following rAAV delivery. Although CombiMab2 treatment elicited a higher IgG titer than CombiMab1, both combinations resulted in neutralization of all the viral strains from the global HIV-1 panel. Our data highlight the potential of AAV vectors as a long-term option for HIV-1 therapy.

The article offers a comparative analysis of two film adaptations of Joan Lindsay’s Picnic at Hanging Rock created at different times. All three artistic forms—the novel, the film, and television series—are considered within the methodological framework of narrative analysis, sociology of the visual, and social semiotics. This allows us to compare the interpretive schemes used in film and television versions as indicators of changes taking place in society: its social system, social norms, and values. The 1975 film adaptation reproduces social relations and norms of the early twentieth century Australian white society described in the novel. Although the storylines are cut, the motifs and main oppositions remain unchanged. The mini-series screen adaptation (2018) transforms the plot and introduces the modernized social norms and relations relevant for the time of making the series, and gives a new interpretation to the characters. Here, not only the principles of creating a serial media product come into play, but also the effect of the temporary remoteness of the later screen adaptation from the time when the novel was written, behind which there are changes in the social system, statuses, and associated norms and values of the Australian (and, more generally, Western) society. В статье предлагается сравнительный анализ двух экранизаций романа Дж. Линдси «Пикник у Висячей Скалы», созданных в разное время. Все три художественные формы: литературное произведение, кинофильм и телесериал — рассматриваются в методологических рамках нарративного анализа, социологии визуального и социальной семиотики, что позволяет сопоставить интерпретативные схемы, использованные в кино- и телеэкранизациях, в качестве индикаторов изменений, происходящих в социуме: его социальной системе, социальных нормах и ценностях. Первая по времени экранизация (1975 г.) воспроизводит спектр социальных отношений и норм австралийского белого общества начала ХХ в., описанных в романе. Сокращениям подвергаются сюжетные линии, но не мотивы и главные оппозиции романа. Экранизация в формате мини-сериала (2018 г.) трансформирует сюжет и вводит в нарратив осовремененные социальные нормы и отношения, актуальные для времени создания телесериальной версии, дает новую трактовку персонажам. В данном случае срабатывают не только принципы создания сериального медийного продукта, но и эффект временной удаленности второй экранной версии от времени создания литературного произведения, за которым стоят произошедшие изменения в социальной системе, социальных статусах и связанных с ними нормах и ценностях австралийского (и шире — западного) общества.

This article describes the implementation stages of the changes in preventive vaccination procedures in Children’s City Outpatient’s Clinic №133 of the Moscow Department of Health since December 2019. Comprehensive work has been performed on increasing the adherence to vaccination among doctors of various specialties, vaccination and immunization coverage of the registered pediatric population. As a result of this project medical prevention department was reorganized, data on vaccinations, medical exemption and refusals were added to the electronic medical records, monthly monitoring of vaccination coverage rate was initiated, as well as doctors training in preventive immunization via three forms of education. Center for Medical Prevention of the Moscow Department of Health, pediatric department of the Pediatric Faculty of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia have participated in this work. Intermediate results on efficacy of implemented measures have been presented.

Following the trend of finding better thermoelectric materials among synthetic analogs of copper–chalcogenide minerals, we have synthesized iron-bearing colusites of a general formula Cu26−xFexV2Sn6S32. They crystallize in the cubic space group P-43n with the unit cell parameter increasing linearly with the iron content. At a low iron concentration, the crystal structure features disorder manifested by an anti-site effect and a shift of a part of the tin atoms from their ideal positions, which is absent for higher iron contents. The magnetization and 57Fe/119Sn Mössbauer studies showed that, for x = 1, iron is present as Fe3+, whereas for x > 1, Fe2+ and Fe3+ coexist. Additionally, weak antiferromagnetic interactions between iron atoms and fast on the 57Fe Mössbauer time scale (107–109 s−1) electron transfer between adjacent Fe2+ and Fe3+ centers were revealed. Thermoelectric studies showed that iron-bearing colusites are p-type semiconductors with low thermal conductivity stemming from their complex crystal structure and structural disorder. The highest ZT of 0.78 at 700 K was found for the x = 1 iron content, where iron is present as Fe3+ only.

In recent years, in our country, as well as throughout the rest of the modern world, global changes are taking place driven by the development of high-tech platforms that ensure the sustainable development of various sectors of activity, including public services. There has also been a major, large-scale reform of the system of customs authorities that was carried out with the concentration of customs control in the centers of electronic declaration. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of digitalization processes and the use of modern customs technologies, which require the development of new competencies, skills in conducting operations within the framework of a process approach, identifying risks of violation of customs legislation, etc., in the context of performing various customs functions, separating documentary and factual control. These changes require an increase in the efficiency of management and development of internal audit in the customs authorities. The article proposes approaches to setting the latter, developing a methodology for its implementation, taking into account strategic changes in the conditions of customs administration. the methodological basis of the work was a systematic approach, a method for analyzing existing customs control processes, collecting facts, analyzing professional and ethical standards, structural and functional modeling, and comparing with digitalization processes. When substantiating specific proposals, special methods were used: observation, comparison, the method of expert assessments. The study resulted in a methodological substantiation of an integrated and complex approach to the organization and implementation of internal audit in the customs authorities, the purpose and functions of which are in many respects similar for both business entities and those providing public services. The article reflects the author’s attempt to combine the possibilities of using digital technologies that increase the efficiency of the provision of this type of the service and create an effective management system within the customs service.

The sexual activity of patients before and after the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) largely determines their quality of life and satisfaction with the intervention. This review analyzes current data on the nature of changes in sexual function in various pelvic organ prolapse correction methods. Particular attention is paid to a comparative assessment of the effect of available surgical techniques with abdominal and vaginal access on the risk of de novo dyspareunia. Based on the results of clinical studies and systematic reviews, the most optimal ways of correcting POP have been established; tools for assessing their effectiveness in routine clinical practice have been proposed; the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of POP with the involvement of medical psychologists has been noted due to the significant role of emotional and behavioral factors in sexual dysfunction.

The article analyzes the documentary video films in the project Meeting You of the South Korean MBC television network about virtual meetings with the deceased from the standpoint of the discursive and narrative approaches. The audiovisual documentation of a virtual meeting with a deceased person, prepared and conducted by the TV company in accordance with a technological scenario, becomes a product of mass culture and, in turn, has impact on the perception of death in the broad multicultural (global) audience. Analysis of the features of this audiovisual project makes it possible to assess the trends in the development of new cultural practices of communication with the deceased and ways of their representation in the mass media. The author concludes that video films about virtual meetings with deceased relatives, being essentially a staged audiovisual product, are nevertheless perceived as documentary. They document the experience of such staged meetings and record the emotions of real participants as certainly realistic. The films in the Meeting You project establish new general patterns of representation of visual images of the deceased, their virtual nature, and their interaction with living contactees. The content of such films is perceived by both the participants and the audience as genuine events, as actions devoid of a mystical touch. The emotional response of the audience of the films in the Meeting You project proves that this new experience of virtual mediatized treatment of the memory of the dead is generally accepted.