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Abstract This study aimed to make a longitudinal analysis of interexaminer calibration reproducibility in diagnosing dental caries in posterior teeth, by examiners without previous experience in epidemiological studies. A group of 11 inexperienced examiners underwent theoretical-practical training and calibration assessments, assisted by a standard examiner. An examiner who did not participate directly in the research selected 5-year-old children with and without caries. The D3 diagnostic threshold was used to evaluate dental caries, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The initial calibration (baseline) was performed after the theoretical-practical training session, and consisted of examining 20 children; the second calibration occurred three months later, and involved evaluating another 18 children. The interexaminer agreement was obtained by kappa statistics, and by overall percentage agreement. The paired t-test was applied to compare the values for kappa means and overall percentage agreement between the time points studied. At baseline, the values for kappa (> 0.81) and overall percentage agreement (> 95.63%) were considered high. At the 3-month calibration assessment, all the examiners showed some decrease in both kappa (p < 0.0001) and overall percentage agreement (p = 0.0102). The calibration process currently proposed by the WHO is effective. However, reproducibility was not maintained over time for inexperienced examiners evaluating the posterior teeth of 5-year-old children, under epidemiological conditions.

Objective: To investigate association between parental locus of control (belief of individuals about what or who has control of the events of their lives) and bottle feeding habits among children from 3 to 5 years of age. Methodology: Parental locus of control validated in Brazil, and semi-structured questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic, health, and oral habit behaviors was applied to mothers of 992 preschool children. Outcome variable “use of feeding bottle” was studied according to the time of its use (≤36 months and >36 months). Simple logistic regression models were adjusted and raw odds ratios were estimated for variables of distal blocks, which contemplated parental locus of control, socioeconomic characteristics of family, and maternal habits. In the intermediate block, the variables for conditions of the child's birth and place of health care attendance during the prenatal period and early childhood were included. In the proximal block, the time of breastfeeding and pacifier use were reported. Variables were analyzed from the distal to the proximal block, and the individual analyses that presented p ≤ 0.20 remained in each model; included in the subsequent block were the variables with p ≤ 0.10, because this was a study of prevention. Results: Longer time of feeding bottle use was associated with the internal parental locus of control, mothers older than 31 years of age, white race, premature children, who used pacifiers and are treated in the private health system. Conclusions: Children who maintained the habit of feeding bottle use for a longer time were those whose mother presented an internal locus of control.

Resumo Introdução estudos no Brasil e em diversos países indicam que os serviços de urgência são frequentemente utilizados como portas de entrada para os sistemas de saúde, sobrecarregando-os e impactando na qualidade do serviço prestado à população. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre esse fenômeno nas unidades de pronto atendimento (UPAs) do nosso país. Objetivo investigar as variáveis associadas ao uso inadequado de duas UPAs em um município de grande porte. Método estudo transversal com uma amostra de 756 indivíduos que analisou as variáveis individuais, contextuais e dos serviços associadas ao uso inapropriado de UPAs por meio de um modelo de regressão logística múltipla e hierarquizada. Resultados o modelo final de regressão demonstrou que os indivíduos que apresentavam autopercepção de que sua condição era um caso de emergência e cuja idade era igual a ou acima de 60 anos apresentaram mais chances de procurarem esses serviços por motivos não urgentes. Conclusão variáveis individuais estiveram associadas ao uso não urgente dos serviços das UPAs. Estudos futuros de cunho qualitativo poderão auxiliar a compreender os motivos do uso inadequado desses serviços por tais indivíduos.

Objective: To make an association between self-perception and the implementation of sociodemographic variables for the autonomous and / or partially dependent individuals in nursing homes. Material and Methods: Epidemiological, observational and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 208 institutionalized elderly, both sexes, 60 years old or older, independent or partially dependent, randomly selected from two long-term residential institutions. Subjective evaluation: self-perception questionnaire, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, quality of life assessment, Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), oral health self-assessment (OH) and the need for dental prostheses. Bivariate analysis, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used, with the variables with p

Há uma série de intervenções baseadas em evidências que podem reduzir a mortalidade infantil, dentre elas o cuidado durante a gestação. Esse estudo propôs verificar as variáveis que impactam na ausência de pré-natal. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, analítico e retrospectivo, composto por todos os municípios do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1998 a 2008. Verificou-se que o Produto Interno Bruto per capta (p

RESUMO: Introdução: O câncer de boca e o câncer de orofaringe são doenças influenciadas por fatores socioeconômicos. O risco de desenvolver essas doenças aumenta com a idade, e a maioria dos casos ocorre em idosos, com elevadas taxas de mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência dos índices socioeconômicos municipais nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de boca (CB) e de orofaringe (CO) em idosos nas 645 cidades do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, nos anos de 2013 a 2015. Método: Dados secundários de óbitos foram obtidos pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Ministério da Saúde. O número de idosos e os valores da renda média per capita e do índice de desenvolvimento humano por município (IDH-M) foram obtidos a partir dos dados da Fundação SEADE. Realizou-se a análise descritiva e exploratória dos dados, seguida de modelos binomiais negativos descritos pelo procedimento PROC GENMOD e avaliados pelo critério de informação de Akaike corrigido (AICc), pelo grau de liberdade e pelo teste de Wald (α=0,05). Resultados: Cerca de 30% das cidades notificaram óbitos em 2013, 16,74% em 2014 e 18,61% em 2015. Astaxas médias de mortalidade por CB e CO foram, respectivamente, de 20,0 (± 30,9) e 10,7 (± 17,5) por 100milhabitantes. A renda média variou de R$ 434,20 a R$ 2.009,00 e o IDH-M, de 0,65 a 0,89. Houve decréscimo significativo (p < 0,05) nas taxas de mortalidade por CB e CO em idosos com o aumento dos valores das rendas médias e do IDH-M. Conclusão: As desigualdades socioeconômicas das cidades influenciam nas taxas de mortalidade por CB e CO em idosos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify and analyze factors associated with preventable child deaths. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study had preventable child mortality as dependent variable. From a population of 34,284 live births, we have selected a systematic sample of 4,402 children who did not die compared to 272 children who died from preventable causes during the period studied. The independent variables were analyzed in four hierarchical blocks: sociodemographic factors, the characteristics of the mother, prenatal and delivery care, and health conditions of the patient and neonatal care. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and estimated multiple hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS Approximatelly 35.3% of the deaths could have been prevented with the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases during pregnancy and 26.8% of them could have been prevented with better care conditions for pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The following characteristics of the mother are determinant for the higher mortality of children before the first year of life: living in neighborhoods with an average family income lower than four minimum wages, being aged ≤ 19 years, having one or more alive children, having a child with low APGAR level at the fifth minute of life, and having a child with low birth weight.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze if clinical, sociodemographic and access to dental services variables influence the impact of oral health on the daily activities of adolescents, adults and older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with secondary data from the State Oral Health Survey (SB São Paulo 2015) conducted in 163 cities of São Paulo. A total of 17,560 individuals from three age groups: 15–19-year-old (n = 5,558), 35–44-year-old (n = 6,051), and older people of 65 years or more (n = 5,951) participated in the survey. The selection was made by probabilistic sample by conglomerates in two stages. The endpoint variable was the impact of oral health on daily activities, evaluated by the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire, containing questions about eating, talking, oral hygiene, relaxation, sports practice, smile, study or work, social contact, and sleep. Oral Impacts on Daily Performances was dichotomized with and without impact. The independent variables were sociodemographic, clinical and access variables, divided into three blocks. A hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis was performed considering the complex sampling plan of clusters. Each observation received a specific weight, depending on the location that resulted in weighted frequencies and adjusted for the design effect. RESULTS: The presence of oral health impact was observed in 27.9% of the individuals. In block 1, female gender and black/brown ethnic group had a greater chance of impact of oral health on quality of life, as well as the adults and the older adults in relation to adolescents. In block 2, family income up to R$1,500 was associated with the presence of impact. In block 3, individuals who reported toothache, used the public service and sought dental treatment had a greater chance of impact. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic, clinical and access to health services variables influence the impact of oral health on the daily activities of adolescents, adults and older adults.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status, home environment, and self-perception of health conditions on schoolchildren’s dental caries experience. A total of 515 twelve-year-old schoolchildren from Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were selected into a random multistage sample. The schoolchildren were examined for the presence of caries lesions using the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index and categorized as caries-free (DMFT = 0) or with caries experience (DMFT > 0). The participants and their parents were asked to answer a questionnaire about socioeconomic status, home environment, and self-perception of their health conditions. The hierarchical multiple regression model was used to assess the associations, since a binary response variable was assumed. The bivariate analysis revealed that variables at four levels, such as type of school, monthly family income, parents’ education, home ownership, number of people living in the household, household overcrowding, parents’ perception of their children’s oral health, and schoolchildren’s self-perception of their oral health (p < 0.05), were significantly associated with children’s worse dental caries conditions. The regression model results showed that type of school and monthly family income had a strong negative effect on schoolchildren’s dental caries experience (p < 0.05) in the final statistical model, where all levels were included. It was observed that socioeconomic factors were considered a strong risk indicator of schoolchildren’s caries experience among the investigated social determinants of oral health.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Centers for Dental Specialties (CDS) in the country and associations with sociodemographic indicators of the municipalities, structural variables of services and primary health care organization in the years 2004-2009. The study used secondary data from procedures performed in the CDS to the specialties of periodontics, endodontics, surgery and primary care. Bivariate analysis by χ2 test was used to test the association between the dependent variable (performance of the CDS) with the independents. Then, Poisson regression analysis was performed. With regard to the overall achievement of targets, it was observed that the majority of CDS (69.25%) performance was considered poor/regular. The independent factors associated with poor/regular performance of CDS were: municipalities belonging to the Northeast, South and Southeast regions, with lower Human Development Index (HDI), lower population density, and reduced time to deployment. HDI and population density are important for the performance of the CDS in Brazil. Similarly, the peculiarities related to less populated areas as well as regional location and time of service implementation CDS should be taken into account in the planning of these services.

Root canal anatomical complexities, such as isthmus, may limit the action of the endodontic instruments, irrigant solutions and intracanal medications, leading to endodontic treatment failure. Objectives: This in vitro study assessed the type, position and incidence of isthmus in human permanent molars. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty eight upper and lower first and second permanent molars were analyzed. The roots were embedded in transparent resin, and then split at different distances from the apex (1.0-2.5-4.0-5.5-7.0 mm). Following the sample examination in stereomicroscope, the data were submitted to chi-square statistical test at a 5% significance level. Results: The highest isthmus incidence was at 7.0 mm from the root apex in all samples, except the distal root of lower molars (at 5.5 mm). In upper and lower molars, type V (complete isthmus with a continuous opening between the two main root canals) was the most common classification of isthmus (28.8%). In the mesial root of first and second mandibular molars, type IV had the highest incidence (36% and 23.9%, respectively). Conclusion: It was concluded that isthmus was widely found in flat roots, with a low percentage in areas close to the apex. In upper and lower molars, these structures were most frequently found at 7 mm from the apex.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em condições de campo, características horticulturais de mudas propagadas in vitro de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L), quanto à época de florescimento e colheita, características morfológicas relacionadas à coloração e forma de folhas, caule e frutos, bem como a produtividade do material propagado in vitro. As mudas de cultura de tecidos foram propagadas por seis semanas em meio de cultivo com sais e vitaminas de MS, acrescido de 30g L-1 de sacarose e 1,0mg L-1 de BAP, a partir do ponteiro de plântula germinada in vitro. Foram selecionadas, ao acaso, quatro plantas propagadas in vitro, quatro plantas por via seminal e mais vinte e duas plantas, também por via seminal, compondo a bordadura, totalizando trinta plantas. As análises foram semanais até completar quatorze meses do plantio, que ocorreu antes da primeira poda. Os resultados obtidos indicam a não ocorrência de variabilidade genética nas plantas produzidas in vitro, bem como precocidade na produção e maior produtividade, quando comparado com o material convencional obtido via seminal.

O docente integra um grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout (SB). Este estudo investigou a prevalência da SB em 169 professores universitários da cidade de Piracicaba-SP, por meio do Questionário de Avaliação para a Síndrome de Burnout (CESQT versão brasileira). O valor de consistência interna alfa de Cronbach foi satisfatório para todas as dimensões do questionário. Os resultados mostraram que 11,2% dos professores apresentaram Perfil 1 e 3% Perfil 2 da SB. A prevalência encontrada é motivo de preocupação e merece atenção, não só pelos danos que a SB provoca na saúde física, mental e social do profissional, mas também pela influência na qualidade de ensino praticado nas escolas.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças aos 12 anos de idade com variáveis individuais e contextuais. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SBBrasil 2010. O desfecho estudado foi a má oclusão, categorizada em ausente, definida, severa e muito severa. As variáveis independentes foram classificadas em individuais e contextuais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelo multinível, considerando nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de má oclusão severa e muito severa nas crianças com 12 anos de idade não diferiu entre as regiões brasileiras, mas sim entre as cidades (p < 0,001). Crianças do sexo masculino (p = 0,033), de menor renda (p = 0,051), que consultaram o dentista (p = 0,009), com menor satisfação com a boca e os dentes (p < 0,001) e com vergonha de sorrir (p < 0,001) apresentaram má oclusão de maior gravidade. As características das cidades também afetaram a gravidade da má oclusão; cidades com mais famílias com benefício social por 1.000 habitantes, com menores notas do índice de desempenho do sistema de saúde e menor renda per capita foram estatisticamente associadas com a má oclusão. CONCLUSÕES: Associações significativas entre a presença e gravidade da má oclusão foram observadas em nível individual e contextual.

This study evaluated the effects of humidity conditions and evaluation times on the dentin bond strength (DBS) of two self-adhesive resin cements (RC). The RC used were: RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) and Clearfil SA Cement (Kuraray Med.). One hundred and twenty coronal portions of bovine incisors (n = 10) were used. Buccal surfaces were abraded in order to expose a flat dentinal surface (180-grit SiC) and to standardize the smear layer formation (600-grit SiC). The humidity conditions tested were: dry (air-dried for 10 s), slightly moist (water application with disposable applicator on dried dentin and water excess removed with absorbent paper), and moist (same application without water removal). The RC were used according to the manufacturers' recommendations and were applied to prepolymerized resin discs (2 mm thick; Sinfony, 3M ESPE), which were subsequently bonded to the dentin surfaces. After 24 h, half of the teeth were prepared for the microtensile bond strength test, while the other half were stored in water for 6 months and tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) until failure. A 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (preset alpha of 0.05). No RC showed any reduction of DBS after 6 months, and no significant difference was observed between them. The moist dentin increased the bond strength of Clearfil SA Cement for both periods of time. Humidity conditions can change the DBS; however, the study's results were product-dependent.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes comprimentos de onda no desenvolvimento in vitro de mudas de cana-de-açúcar. Explantes foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos de diodos emissores de luz (LED): 100% azul; 70% azul + 30% vermelha; 30% azul + 70% vermelha; 100% vermelha, além do controle com lâmpada fluorescente branca. As plântulas foram avaliadas quanto a: número de brotações; altura; massa de matéria fresca e seca; e conteúdo de carotenoides e das clorofilas a e b. Observou-se desmanche dos tilacoides nos cloroplastos, proporcional ao aumento na incidência de luz vermelha. O porte das mudas diminui com o aumento na incidência de luz vermelha.

O gênero Astrocaryum possui um grande número de espécies com potencial alimentício e produtoras de óleos. A espécie mais utilizada, o tucumã do Amazonas, é consumida em larga escala nos estados da região norte do Brasil e originado do extrativismo vegetal. Embriões zigóticos de sementes maduras e imaturas de tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey) foram inoculados em meio de cultivo semi-sólido de Murashige e Skoog (MS) suplementado com vitaminas. Os embriões sobreviventes foram transferidos para o mesmo meio MS suplementado com 0,0; 1,0; 3,0 e 5,0mg L-1 de BAP, obtendo-se taxa crescente de brotação, sendo as mais eficientes as doses de 3,0 a 5,0mg L-1There is a large number of species within the genus Astrocaryum with the potential for use as food and for oil production. The most used species, tucumã do Amazonas, is consumed on a large scale in the States in the northern region of Brazil, originating from extractivism. Zygotic embryos of mature and immature tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.) seeds were inoculated in a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with vitamins. The surviving embryos were transferred to the same MS medium supplemented with 0.0; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0mg L-1 of BAP, obtaining an increasing rate of shoot formation.

Aim: This prospective cohort study was to evaluate the independent and mutual effects of socioeconomic, oral health behaviors and individual clinical factors, including enamel hypomineralization, as possible risk factors for increase in caries experience in second primary molar (SPM) over a period of 2-years. Methods: Children (n=216) aged 4-6 years were examined for hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) and dental caries in school settings and were recalled every 6 months. The caregivers filled out a semi-structured questionnaire about their socio-demographic and oral health-related behaviors. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with three levels. Multiple analyses were performed at each level and variables with p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the bone density value of potential implant sites in HU obtained by a specific cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device. In this study, the HU values obtained using a MSCT scanner were used as the gold standard. Twenty mandibles (40 potential implant sites) were scanned using an MSCT scanner (Somatom Sensation 40) and a CBCT scanner (i-CAT). The MSCT images were evaluated using the Syngo CT Workplace software and the CBCT images, using the XoranCat software. The images were evaluated twice by three oral radiologists, at 60 day intervals. The trabecular bone density of the same area was evaluated on both images. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine the agreement between the examiners and between the two periods of evaluation. The bone density and area of the ROI were compared by the Student t test and Bland-Altman analysis. ICCs were excellent. The mean HU value obtained using CBCT (418.06) was higher than that obtained using MSCT (313.13), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). In addition, Bland-Altman analysis showed that the HU measures were not equivalent. In conclusion, the bone density in HU with CBCT images obtained using the device studied proved unreliable, since it was higher than that obtained using MSCT.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a relação auxina:citocinina a fim de obter propágulos nos segmentos distintos do epicótilo e hipocótilo de sementes germinadas in vitro de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo). Os segmentos apical (A), mediano (B) e o basal (C) foram introduzidos em meio de cultivo MS, semi sólido (2,0g L-1 Phytagel), suplementado com vitaminas de MS, sacarose (30,0g L-1) e submetidos a três doses da auxina ácido indolbutírico - IBA (0; 0,1; 0,5mg L-1), associadas a quatro doses da citocinina benzilaminopurina - BAP (0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0mg L-1), totalizando 36 tratamentos. Após nove semanas de cultivo in vitro, o segmento apical (A) apresentou formação de brotações por organogênese direta nas concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 de BAP, associado a 0,0 e 0,1 de IBA. O emprego do cultivo in vitro é viável na produção de mudas, utilizando como explante a região apical de sementes germinadas in vitro.The aim of this study was to perform an in vitro evaluation of the auxin:cytokinine ratio in different segments of the epicotyl and hypocotyl of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) seeds germinated in vitro. The segments apical (A), median (B) and basal (C) were introduced into semi-solid MS culture medium (2.0g L-1 Phytagel), supplemented with MS vitamins, sucrose (30.0g L-1) and submitted to three doses of auxin indolebutyric acid - IBA (0; 0.1; 0.5mg L-1), associated with four doses of the cytokinine benzylaminopurine - BAP (0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0mg L-1), totaling 36 treatments. After nine weeks of in vitro cultivation, the apical segment (A) presented shoot formation by direct organogenesis at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 of BAP associated with 0.0 and 0.1 of IBA. It is feasible to use in vitro cultivation with the apical region of seeds germinated in vitro used as explants.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e demográfica na experiência de cárie em pré-escolares de 5 anos de idade da cidade de Piracicaba. METODOLOGIA: A amostra consistiu de 728 crianças matriculadas em 22 pré-escolas públicas (n = 428) e 18 pré-escolas privadas (n = 300). A cárie dentária foi avaliada pelos índices ceo-d e ceo-s e pela detecção de lesão inicial (LI). Outras variáveis clínicas como gengivite, apinhamento, espaçamento, fluorose e respiração bucal também foram coletadas. As variáveis socioeconômicas (renda familiar mensal, número de residentes na mesma casa, escolaridade do pai e da mãe, habitação e posse de automóvel) foram obtidas por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado enviado aos pais. RESULTADOS: As médias (desvio-padrão) do ceo-d e ceo-s foram de 1,30 (2,47) e 3,08 (7,55), respectivamente, sendo que 62,2% da amostra estava livre de cárie. As médias (desvio-padrão) do ceo-d+LI e ceo-s+LI foram 1,72 (3,36) e 3,45 (7,94), respectivamente e 59,7% estavam livres de cáries. Por meio da análise de regressão logística múltipla, as crianças com fluorose (Odds Ratio-OR=0,40) ou de famílias com renda superior a 4 salários mínimos (OR = 0,49) apresentaram menor probabilidade de ter experiência de cárie. Aquelas com gengivite (OR = 1,87) tiveram maior chance de ter a doença. Para o critério de diagnóstico de cárie com a inclusão de LI, as crianças com fluorose (OR = 0,39) ou de famílias com renda superior a 4 salários mínimos (OR = 0,52) tiveram menor chance de ter cárie. Aquelas com gengivite (OR=1,80), apinhamento (OR = 2,63 e OR = 1,01) ou respiração bucal (OR = 1,37) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os pré-escolares que apresentaram gengivite, apinhamento, respiração bucal ou renda familiar mensal inferior a 4 salários mínimos tiveram maior probabilidade de ter experiência de cárie. Assim, o planejamento de ações de prevenção e intervenção direcionadas a este público seria essencial para o controle da doença.AIM: To evaluate the influence of socioeconomic, clinical and demographic variables on caries experience in 5-year-old preschool children from Piracicaba. METHODS: The sample consisted of 728 children attending 22 public (n=428) and 18 private (n=300) preschools. Dental caries were measured using the dmft/dmfs indexes and by detecting initial caries lesion (IL). Gingivitis, crowding, spacing, fluorosis, and mouth breathing were also recorded. Socioeconomic variables (monthly family income, number of people living in the household, parents' schooling, home ownership, and car ownership) were collected by means of a parental semi structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) values for dmft and dmfs indexes were 1.30 (2.47) and 3.08 (7.55) respectively; and 62.2% of the children were caries-free. The mean (standard deviation) values for dmft+LI and dmfs+LI were 1.72 (3.36) and 3.45 (7.94), respectively and 59.7% were caries-free. By means of multiple logistic regression analyses, children with fluorosis (OR=0.40) or family income > 4 minimum wages (OR=0.49) were less likely to experience caries. Those with gingivitis (OR=1.87) were more prone to have the disease. Considering the diagnostic threshold including IL, the multiple logistic regression analyses showed that children with fluorosis (OR=0.39) or family income > 4 minimum wages (OR=0.52) were less likely to have caries. Those with gingivitis (OR=1.80), crowding (OR=2.63 e OR=1.01) or mouth breathing (OR=1.37) were more likely to have the disease. CONCLUSION: The preschool children who presented gingivitis, crowding, mouth breathing or monthly family income < 4 minimum wages were more likely to experience caries. In this way, planning preventive and operative actions targeted at these children would be essential for caries control.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between psychological variables and the clinical diagnosis of temporomandbular disorders (TMD) in 12-year-old adolescents. TMD pain was assessed by RDC/TMD examination (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) (Axis I and II). Five-hundred and fifty-eight subjects (330 girls and 228 boys) were examined. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (χ2). The logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the Odds Ratios (OR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and significance levels. Only 2.19% of the boys and 8.18% of the girls presented one of the Axis I categories. All variables from axis II were related to TMD diagnosis (p < 0.001). Gender was significantly related to TMD diagnosis (p = 0.0028). The risk of TMD incidence for girls was 3.5 times higher than that for boys (Odds Ratio = 3.52, Confidence Interval 1.31-9.43). The individuals who presented the variable "characteristics of pain intensity" (CPI) higher than 0 had 31 times more risk of TMD incidence (Odds Ratio = 31.361, Confidence interval 6.01-163.5). We concluded that psychological variables and female gender are important risk indicators related to TMD incidence, even in adolescents.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of light-curing units and light-curing time on the microhardness of a nanofilled composite resin. Methods: Forty-five composite resin (Z350 - 3M) specimens were randomly prepared using Teflon ring molds (4.0 mm internal diameter and 2 mm depth) and divided into nine experimental groups (n=5): three polymerization units (conventional - 450 mW/ cm2 ; 2nd generation LED - 1100 mW/cm2 ; and 3rd generation LED - 700 mW/cm2 ) and three lightcuring times (20 s, 40 s, and 60 s). All specimens were polymerized with the light-curing tip positioned 8 mm far from the top surface of the specimen. After 24 h, Knoop microhardness measurements were made on the top and bottom surfaces of the specimen, with a load of 10 g for 10 s. Five indentations were made on each surface. All results were analyzed statistically by subdivided parcel ANOVA (Split-Plot) and Tukey’s tests (p

Aim: To describe the prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis in schoolchildren from two different towns in São Paulo State, Brazil, 2007 - town A (water fluoridation since 1971) and town B (water fluoridation since 1997) - and to compare current prevalence rates with previous surveys, in town A, for dental caries (1971-2005) and for dental fluorosis (1991-2001), and in town B, for dental caries and dental fluorosis (1991-2004). Methods: The sample consisted of 724 schoolchildren aged 12 years from public and private schools (town A) and 197 schoolchildren from public schools (town B). The schoolchildren were examined under natural light by a dentist, using CPI probes and oral mirrors. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT), and Significant Caries (SiC) Index were determined for dental caries and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (T-F) for fluorosis. Results: The DMFT was 0.85 and 1.02; SiC index was 2.52 and 2.83 in towns A and B, respectively. Fluorosis prevalence was 29.4% (town A) and 25.4% (town B). In both towns, a significant dental caries reduction has been observed. Concerning fluorosis prevalence, an increase of 44.1% was noted in town A and 1170% in town B. Conclusions: Results show continuous decrease in dental caries experience in both towns. Regarding fluorosis prevalence, stabilization trends were observed in town A. In town B, however, a constant increase was noted.

Defects similar to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in second primary molars can be found in the literature, being recently named Deciduous Molar Hypomineralization (DMH). Researchers have stated that the presence of DMH in primary dentition represents a risk for MIH in permanent teeth. The explanation for this association is probably related to the etiological factors. Aim: To investigate prospectively the association between DMH and MIH and the etiologic factors involved in both defects. Methods: One hundred and thirty four children aged 4 to 6 years from Botelhos, MG, Brazil, were evaluated six-monthly until they completed the eruption of the first permanent molars. A structured questionnaire was developed with questions about the child’s health up to the first year of life and the mother’s health during pregnancy. Results: It could be noted that, although most children with DMH in the primary dentition had higher incidence of MIH in permanent dentition, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: None of the possible etiologic factors had associations with the studied enamel defects, even among children who presented two types of enamel defects in the mixed dentition. However, further studies with larger samples should be conducted in order to confirm or refute the findings of the present study.

Resin composite shades and resin composite polymerization performed with a distanced light tip are factors that can affect polymerization effectiveness. Thisin vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of curing tip distance and resin shade on the microhardness of a hybrid resin composite (Z250 - 3M ESPE). Forty-five resin composite specimens were randomly prepared and divided into nine experimental groups (n = 5): three curing tip distances (2 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm) and three resin shades (A1, A3.5, and C2). All samples were polymerized with a continuous output at 550 mW/cm². After 24 hours, Knoop microhardness measurements were obtained on the top and bottom surfaces of the sample, with a load of 25 grams for 10 seconds. Five indentations were performed on each surface of each sample. Results showed that bottom surface samples light-cured at 2 mm and 4 mm presented significantly higher hardness values than samples light-cured at 8 mm. The resin shade A1 presented higher hardness values and was statistically different from C2. The resin shade A3.5 did not present statistical differences from A1 and C2. For the top surface, there were no statistical differences among the curing tip distances. For all experimental conditions, the top surface showed higher hardness values than the bottom surface. It was concluded that light curing tip distance and resin shade are important factors to be considered for obtaining adequate polymerization.A cor do compósito e a polimerização realizada com a ponta do aparelho de fotoativação distante da superfície do compósito são fatores que podem afetar a efetividade de polimerização. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a influência desses fatores na microdureza superficial de um compósito híbrido (Z250 - 3M ESPE). Quarenta e cinco espécimes de compósito foram aleatoriamente preparados de acordo com os nove grupos experimentais (n = 5): três distâncias de fotoativação (2 mm, 4 mm e 8 mm) e três cores de compósito (A1, A3,5 e C2). Todas as amostras foram fotoativadas com aparelho de fotoativação ajustado com intensidade contínua de 550 mW/cm². Após 24 horas, dez medidas de dureza Knoop foram obtidas nas superfícies de topo e fundo de cada amostra, com carga de 25 gramas por um tempo de 10 segundos. Resultados mostraram que, para a superfície de fundo, os grupos com a fotoativação realizada com distância de 2 e 4 mm apresentaram maiores médias do que os grupos com distância de 8 mm, e os grupos de cor A1 apresentaram maiores médias e com diferenças estatísticas que os grupos de cor C2, e o grupo A3,5 não apresentou diferenças estatísticas quando comparado aos outros grupos. Para a superfície de topo, não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes para os fatores estudados. Para todas as condições experimentais, a superfície de fundo apresentou médias de durezas estatisticamente menores do que as da superfície de topo. Pode-se concluir que os fatores cor do compósito e distância de polimerização são importantes fatores a serem considerados para a obtenção de adequada polimerização.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar os coeficientes de variação (C.V.) de experimentos com forrageiras. Foram analisados 1054 trabalhos científicos publicados entre 1950 e 1990, nos principais periódicos brasileiros. Destes experimentos, 32% apresentaram C.V. menores que 10% e apenas 10,5% maiores que 30%. Os C.V. médios para gramíneas, leguminosas e experimentos em consorciação foram, respectivamente, 16,58%; 16,50% e 20,53%. Há uma variação na classificação do C.V. em função da variável estudada, sendo que um valor pode ser considerado alto para uma variável e baixo para outra.

Foi estudada a fertilidade de 19 vacas e 17 novilhas das raças Holandesa e Schwyz, inseminadas no cio natural ou induzido com cloprostenol. As fêmeas receberam uma injeção por via intramuscular (i.m.) de 0, 125 e 500 µg de cloprostenol no 10º dia do diestro. Dos animais tratados com 500 µg e 125 µg, 84,6% e 76,9% respectivamente, manifestaram cio no período de seis dias (P > 0,05). Todos os animais inseminados apresentaram níveis de progesterona plasmática inferiores a 1 ng/ml no momento da inseminação. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa na taxa de prenhez para os tratamentos controle, 125 e 500 g (50%, 53,9% e 80%, respectivamente). Esses resultados sugerem que um quarto da dose convencional de cloprostenol, aplicada por via i.m., pode ser utilizada para provocar luteólise e cio fértil em vacas e novilhas leiteiras.

Trinta e quatro vacas holandesas distribuídas em duas propriedades leiteiras foram superovuladas, entre o oitavo e o décimo segundo dias do ciclo estral, com 2500 UI de PMSG (Gonadotrofina sérica de égua prenhe) (n = 21) ou com 32 mg de FSH-P (Hormônio folículo estimuíante-hipofisiário) (n = 13) ministrado em doses decrescentes. Quarenta e oito horas após, aplicou-se uma injeção luteolítica de cloprostenol. A inseminação artificial (IA) foi realizada no início e no final do cio. No momento da primeira IA, dez dos animais superovulados com PMSG receberam 2 ml de anti-soro anti-PMSG ovino. A resposta ovariana foi avaliada no sétimo dia após a IA considerando a presença de corpos lúteos, folículos e o número e qualidade de embriões recuperados após lavagem dos cornos uterinos. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre tratamentos para as variáveis número de corpos lúteos, número de folículos e número de embriões recuperados. A porcentagem de embriões viáveis do tratamento anti-PMSG (68,9%) foi semelhante à do tratamento FSH-P (81,5%) e maior (P < 0,05) que do tratamento sem anti-PMSG (24,6%).

Aim: To compare temporomandibular (TMD) subgroups classified according to the presence of localized pain (LP) or widespread pain (WP) in order to assess the quality of life domains and verify which components affect most the functional capacity of facial pain patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and the Short Form-36 Health Survey was applied in order to assess quality of life. Thirty-nine TMD/WP patients, 37 TMD/LP patients and 40 subjects free of TMD complaints were evaluated. Results: TMD/WP patients differed significantly from healthy controls in all SF-36 components and TMD/LP patients ranked between them. It was also observed that patients with bodily pain and TMD with WP are respectively, 4.16 and 49.42 times more likely to have low functional capacity. Conclusions: Functional capacity in TMD subgroups was only affected by the presence of bodily pain and WP. These patients feature high chance of low functional capacity. Furthermore, TMD patients with localized and widespread pain share roleemotional impairments.

ABSTRACT Objective: Describing the profile of reported violence against children and adolescents and draw an essay on the initial effects of Law 13.010 on report patterns. Method: Analytic study of reported cases on SINAN - Information System on Reportable Harms (from 2013 to 2015) of violence to individuals under 19, in 53 cities of Minas Gerais. Results: 1,481 cases were reported, 49.2% before and 50.8% after Law 13.010 came to force (p = 0.5501). There was a 7% decrease on female reports and a 27.2% in male reports (p = 0.0055). It was noticed a change in report patterns (p = 0.0023), with a 130.7% increase to neglect/abandonment reports and a 33% decrease to sexual abuse report. Higher rates of violence from the parents happens at the 1 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Main victims were women, individuals from 15 to 19 years, with aggression happening within the household; after Law 13.010, changes to patterns of victim and offender profiles and of kind of violence were noticed.

Introduction One of the main problems of the public health services, in which the family oral health team is included, is access by users to dental treatment in primary care, with particular reference to caries disease. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between family risk, for prioritization of home visits and oral health conditions, with a view to providing evidence about the first indicator for organizing the demand for oral health in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Method The application of family health is based on Form A of the primary care information database SIAB ("Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica"), used for registering families with the FHS. Eleven dentists examined the oral health conditions of 1165 persons (608 from 12 to 19 years; and 557 from 35 to 44 years of age), classifying them into six codes from A to F. Multinomial logistic regression was used (α=0.05) to analyze the association between family risk variables and oral health situation. Result There was significant association between family risk and presence of caries disease with treatment needs (OR: 2.08, p

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as justificativas referidas por mães para prolongar o aleitamento materno de seus filhos além do primeiro ano de vida da criança. A metodologia envolveu o estudo de 40 mães cujos filhos eram atendidos pelo Centro de Pesquisa e Atendimento Odontológico para Pacientes Especiais - Cepae - da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - UNICAMP. Para que a mãe fosse incluída no estudo, deveria estar amamentando depois do 12º mês de vida da criança. As participantes foram entrevistadas individualmente, utilizando-se um questionário específico. Todas as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio. Os resultados mostraram que o motivo mais referido pelas mães para a manutenção da amamentação foi o prazer materno. Também foi observado que a proximidade mãe-bebê favorece o prolongamento do aleitamento. Estudos ainda são requeridos para obtenção de análises funcionais mais precisas de variáveis que levam ao prolongamento ou interrupção do aleitamento materno.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento progressivo nos índices de má oclusão gerou a necessidade do conhecimento da sua prevalência, a fim de que medidas de promoção de saúde e prevenção possam ser implantadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre má oclusão e variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, hábitos e cuidados em crianças de cinco anos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A amostra consistiu de 441 crianças com cinco anos, cadastradas em nove Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs) da zona leste de São Paulo, São Paulo. Foram realizados exames bucais e aplicado questionário estruturado aos pais com questões sobre características demográficas, socioeconômicas relativas à família e ao domicílio, e questões relativas aos hábitos, cuidados e internações hospitalares da criança. A análise dos dados consistiu de análise bivariada pelo teste qui-quadrado seguida de modelo de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADO: Foi encontrada má oclusão em 41,7% das crianças. Aquelas que usaram chupeta por até dois anos tiveram 1,24 vez mais chance de apresentar má oclusão do que as que não usaram. Crianças que usaram chupeta por mais de dois anos apresentaram 4,08 vezes mais chance de ter má oclusão do que aquelas que não usaram. As que dormiam de boca aberta tiveram 1,72 vez mais chance de apresentarem má oclusão. Crianças que foram internadas por outros motivos tiveram 5,26 vezes menos chance de apresentarem má oclusão que as que foram internadas por alergia ou bronquite. CONCLUSÃO: A má oclusão está fortemente associada aos hábitos deletérios, principalmente ao uso da chupeta, acometendo igualmente crianças de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and self-perception of happiness during the Covid-19 pandemic were lower among Tai Chi (TC) practitioners. An online questionnaire was applied from September 2020 to November 2021 through email list and instant messaging application "WhatsApp". In total 368 individuals, 341 of whom did not practice TC, coming from a university and sports academies and 27 TC practitioners from the Brazilian Society of TC and Oriental Culture were included. Sociodemographic, mental health, habits related to physical activity and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14) and the Andrews Faces Scale were collected to assess level of state-anxiety, perceived-stress, and self-perception of happiness, respectively. Each independent variable with the outcome variables (severe anxiety level, severe stress level, moderate/severe stress level and self-perception of happiness) were analyzed for simple and multiple logistic regression model. Individuals who do not practice TC are more likely to have a severe level of anxiety (OR=3.55; CI95%CI: 1.37-9.20) and a moderate/severe level of stress (OR=2.60; 95%CI: 1.07-6.35), p

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the proportion of abnormal results in screening mammograms. Methods: Ecological study, with data from DATASUS/SISCAN, Atlas Brasil do Desenvolvimento Humano, Fundação SEADE, and Sistema e-Gestor, from 2016 to 2019, of women aged 50 to 69 years in the 645 municipalities of São Paulo (Brazil). Independent variables were associated with the outcome: proportion of unsatisfactory coverage of abnormal test results (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System - BI-RADS® 0, 4 and 5 proportion >10% of tests performed). Multiple Poisson regression was used. Results: Higher proportion of screening mammography (PR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.00;1.45), higher percentage of poor (PR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.07;1.36), low (PR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.38;1.78) and medium coverage of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) (PR=1.30; 95%CI: 1.09;1.52) were associated to the outcome. Conclusion: Socioeconomic and FHS coverage factors mediate the proportion of mammograms with abnormal results in public health services. Therefore, they are important aspects in the fight against breast cancer.

This intervention follow-up study evaluated anxiety and stress levels and self-perceived happiness of individuals linked to the health field who did not practice Tai Chi and compared these variables before and after practicing this art. One hundred twenty-three participants were subdivided into two groups: G1) Older health professionals (n=41) and G2) Younger pre-university students interested in the health field (n=82). Participants received a 60-minute Tai Chi class. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was applied before the practice, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Andrews Face Scale were used before and after the class. Generalized linear models and the Bowker symmetry test were applied for data analysis. 46.3% and 30.5% of participants in G1 and G2 had mild stress levels, and 43.9% and 46.3% had moderate stress levels, respectively. After practicing Tai Chi, both groups presented significantly lower mean anxiety scores. In G1, 31.7% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 19.5% from severe to moderate, and 7.3% from severe to mild. In G2, 28.2% of participants went from moderate to mild anxiety levels after practice, 18.3% from severe to moderate, and 6.1% from severe to mild. Furthermore, 100.0% of individuals in G1 and 96.3% in G2 were happy after the class. Tai Chi was effective in reducing anxiety levels and improving self-perceived happiness.