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The one-dose package is useful for patients who are prescribed multiple medications. However, the one-dose packaging of hygroscopic medications is difficult because the quality of the medication is reduced by moisture absorption. Cellophane polyethylene laminating paper at 20 μm or 30 μm thickness and glassine papers are widely used for one-dose packaging. The basic characteristics, such as water permeability, of these packaging papers have been demonstrated by companies; however, the quality changes of hygroscopic medications stored in these packaging papers are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the relative humidity in packaging papers and the qualities of the stored hygroscopic medications among 20 μm and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper and glassine paper. Glucobay® 50 mg, Magmitt® 330 mg, and Phosblock® 250 mg tablets were used as hygroscopic medications to be packaged and the relative humidity, weight change, and hardness of tablets were measured. The relative humidity decreased in the order of glassine paper, 20 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper, and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper. Additionally, tablets inside the 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper gained the least weight. Therefore, tablets in a 30 μm thick polyethylene laminating paper absorb less moisture than those in other papers. However, the effect was less pronounced at high temperature, even if the relative humidity remained the same. We expect that the results will be used by hospitals and clinical pharmacies to understand the characteristics of packaging papers and ensure appropriate usage.

A cost-effective, eco-friendly, and health-promoting packaging system that prevents the passage of greases and oils would fulfill an urgent need. This review discusses what is known about the highly divergent technological paths that have been studied to achieve these objectives. Before the emergence of plastic films, the paper industry addressed these objectives in two ways, by parchmentizing and by high levels of refining of the fibers. Parchmentizing means passing the paper through a bath of concentrated sulfuric acid, followed by rinsing out the acid and drying the sheet. Though both parchmentized paper and highly refined greaseproof paper products are still made, they have been substantially displaced by oil-repellent fluorocarbon treatments of paper. The fluorocarbon treatments have allowed papermakers to achieve greaseproof properties with ordinary paper machine equipment at ordinary refining levels and without a need to immerse the paper in strong acid. Now, however, due to environmental concerns and regulations, the paper industry needs more options. Some promising directions in published research include advances in chemistry, superoleophobic surfaces, nanocellulose films, and systems to protect nanocellulose films from the effects of moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbial spoilage and correlated surface changes of a cellulose nitrate negative film, a gelatine–silver positive print, a cardboard frame and a cellulosic envelope dated back to 1938–1940 was assessed by means of molecular methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials characterisation was obtained with Raman, Infrared and Electronic dispersion spectroscopies. DNA was extracted from bacteria and fungi, amplified through PCR oriented to bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and clone libraries were constructed for each investigated material. The ITS fungal cloning was able to detect a bigger spectrum of species respect to bacterial one. Correspondence between molecular results and SEM observations was used to address the cause of biodeterioration to single species, and to map the presence of different organisms in separate niches. This investigation highlighted a co-occurrence of both bacteria and fungi on most of the substrata, and a spatial partitioning according to the different photographic materials. Moreover, for the first time, the effects of a biological attack on glassine paper were documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-dose package is useful for patients who are prescribed multiple medications. However, the one-dose packaging of hygroscopic medications is difficult because the quality of the medication is reduced by moisture absorption. Cellophane polyethylene laminating paper at 20 μm or 30 μm thickness and glassine papers are widely used for one-dose packaging. The basic characteristics, such as water permeability, of these packaging papers have been demonstrated by companies; however, the quality changes of hygroscopic medications stored in these packaging papers are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the relative humidity in packaging papers and the qualities of the stored hygroscopic medications among 20 μm and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper and glassine paper. Glucobay® 50 mg, Magmitt® 330 mg, and Phosblock® 250 mg tablets were used as hygroscopic medications to be packaged and the relative humidity, weight change, and hardness of tablets were measured. The relative humidity decreased in the order of glassine paper, 20 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper, and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper. Additionally, tablets inside the 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper gained the least weight. Therefore, tablets in a 30 μm thick polyethylene laminating paper absorb less moisture than those in other papers. However, the effect was less pronounced at high temperature, even if the relative humidity remained the same. We expect that the results will be used by hospitals and clinical pharmacies to understand the characteristics of packaging papers and ensure appropriate usage., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Author(s).)