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Using glass fibres to reinforce cement-based materials (CBMs) has great effects on their fresh behaviours. In addition, the impact of water – particularly the average water film thickness (AWFT) – on the fresh properties of CBMs cannot be ignored. However, the combined effects of glass fibre content and AWFT on the fresh characteristics of CBMs are not satisfactorily understood. Therefore, in this study, mortar mixtures with varying fibre/cement (f/c) ratios and water/cement ratios were prepared and subjected to mini V-funnel tests, mini slump flow tests, stone rod adhesion tests, sieve segregation tests and wet packing tests. The AWFTs of the mortar mixes were also determined. The experimental results indicated that the f/c ratio (fibre content) had a noticeable influence on the fresh properties, packing density and AWFT. Modelling analysis demonstrated strong correlations of the workability, flowability, adhesiveness and cohesiveness with the f/c ratio and the AWFT. In other words, both the AWFT and the fibre content collectively serve as governing factors influencing the fresh behaviours of mortars reinforced with glass fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, twin-screw extruder and compression moulding techniques were utilized to fabricate polymer blends: polypropylene (PP), polybutadiene (PB), and composites using glass fibre (GF) and flax fibre (FF). During fabrication, the polymer ratios maintained between PP and PB were 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. Likewise, the composites were fabricated by varying the ratios between the PP, PB, and GF, which were 90PP:10PB:10GF, 80PP:20PB:10GF, and 70PP:30PB:10GF. Additionally, a hybrid composite was fabricated by adding 20% FF to the 90PP/10PB/10GF blend. The mechanical characterization revealed that the tensile strength and modulus increased by approximately 24% and 23%, respectively, for the hybrid combination (90PP/10PB/10GF/20FF) compared to pure PP (from 21.47 MPa and 1123 MPa to 26.54 MPa and 1382 MPa). Similarly, flexural strength and impact resistance showed significant improvements in hybrid samples, with flexural strength increasing by approximately 15%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also carried out for impact-tested samples to understand the fibre-to-matrix adhesion behaviour. Regarding the DSC results, PP exhibited a melting peak between 160 °C and 170 °C. When incorporating PP into PB, a reduction in crystallinity was observed. Further, by adding GF to polymer blends, the crystallinity was increased. HDT and Vicat softening temperature results reported that the hybrid samples showed higher values of 79.3 °C and 88.2 °C, respectively, resulting in improvements of approximately 3.9% and 2.9% over standard PP. Findings from this study suggest that the novel combinations offer a promising synergy of flexibility, strength, and thermal resistance, making them suitable for medium engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil engineering structures are subject to both static and dynamic loadings. This applies especially to buildings in seismic areas as well as bridges, viaducts, and road and railway structures loaded with road or rail traffic. One of the solutions used to repair and strengthen such structures in the event of emergency damage are fibre-reinforced polyurethanes (FRPUs). The article proposes a laboratory method for determining the dynamic complex modulus of FRPU composite tape. The theoretical basis for determining the complex modulus for the tested material is presented. Laboratory tests were carried out using the tensile method for four cyclic loading frequencies and a cyclic load ratio equal to 0.5. Under the assumed test conditions, the material showed a viscoelastic performance with a dominant elastic part (storage modulus). For a frequency of 0.1 Hz, the viscous part (loss modulus) was about 8% of the storage modulus value, while for a frequency of 10 Hz, this value was about 5%. For a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz, the elastic part of the complex modulus was about 1160 MPa, while for a frequency of 10 Hz, it was about 1790 MPa. With the increase in loading frequency, the absolute value of the complex modulus increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact of various types of fibres on the Mechanical propertes of Lightweght Concrete. This research aims to study the effect of adding fibers on the fresh, and hard propertes of light concrete. To achieving this goal, 13 mixtures were examined, containing different types and proportions of fiber, where the precipitation was examined, as well as the compressive strength, the splitting strength, the fracture modulus, in addition to the workability. The basic variables for this research. The type of fibre, where four types of fibre (steel hooked end, crimped steel, glass, and polypropylene,) were used, and the second variable is the percentage of fibre, as the ratios were as follows (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.3), As for the third variable, it was to combine the types of fibers with each other to obtain the hybrid fibre and study its effect on lightweghit concrete. The results showed that the mixing of steel fiber by 0.5 with the class by 0.5% with 0.3 polypropylene led to decrease the workability of mix, on other hand, Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, in addition to other properties of concrete were improved, where the percentage of increase in the compressive and splitting strength was 52.17 and 45.36 %, respectively. Furthermore, the hooked end steel showed a better performance than crimped steel in improving proprieties of lightweight concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fibre reinforcements form the backbone of the composites industry. Today, glass fibre products account for more than 95% of the fibre reinforcements used in the composites industry. Since the first commercialisation of glass fibres for composite reinforcement in the 1930s, the cross-sectional shape of glass fibres has remained exclusively circular. However, many of the other types of fibre reinforcement have a non-circular cross section (NCCS). This paper reviews the available knowledge on the production of NCCS glass fibres and some of the possibilities that such fibres offer to enhance the performance of glass reinforced polymer composites. The three parts of the review focus on early research work on different shapes of glass fibre, the developments leading to industrial-level production of NCCS glass fibres, and the more recent data available on the influence of the available commercially produced NCCS flat glass fibres on composite performance. It Is concluded that the continued development of NCCS glass fibres may offer interesting potential to generate composites with increased performance and may also enable further tailoring of composite performance to enable new applications to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the incorporation of dolomite based geopolymer on the tensile and flexural properties of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite were investigated. Composites containing different weight percentages of fillers (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%) were fabricated using hand lay-up and vacuum bagging techniques. The experimental results showed that the dolomite based geopolymer contributed to the detrimental effect on tensile strength of the composite with 2.5 wt.% incorporation of the filler contributed to the least detrimental effect. 2.5 wt.% incorporation of dolomite based geopolymer meanwhile improved flexural strength by 13.04%.

Developing a hybrid phenomenological model for predicting the sound absorption coefficient of a pineapple leaf fibre/waste tea leaf fibre/glass fibre/epoxy-based natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites is the predominant topic of this article. Phenomenological models excel at extrapolating characteristic impedance and wave number whereas empirical models require fewer inputs but overlook wave propagation in pores. Existing models apply only to single-fibre-reinforced composites, necessitating the creation of a hybrid model for hybrid composites. The developed hybrid Zwikker–Kosten and Johnson–Champoux–Allard model shows good agreement with experimental data across the frequency range, with standard deviations of 0.001–0.029 and percent deviations of 1.11%–11.43%. The overall noise reduction coefficient between the model and experiments is 0.31 vs. 0.30, with a 3.33% deviation. Furthermore, the application of alkali treatment increased the surface roughness which in turn, enhanced the sound absorption capabilities of these composites. The increased fibre roughness also amplified friction between fibres and sound waves, resulting in higher sound absorption coefficients. In addition, X-ray diffraction, thermal stability (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), and scanning electron microscopy examinations were performed on the designated composition (5% by weight of pineapple leaf fibre and 25% by weight of waste tea leaf fibre) of the pineapple leaf fibre/waste tea leaf fibre/glass fibre/epoxy-based natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the effect of filler material on the water absorption behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The fillers are cenosphere and clamshell which are industrial waste and marine waste, respectively. The composite with six layers of fibre is prepared using the most common way of hand lay-up process. Different contents of filler, that is, 0, 10 and 20 wt.% of clamshell and cenosphere are added in the glass fibre-epoxy polymer. These are the wastes that have the potential to be an important filler in polymer matrix composite (PMC). The water absorption behaviour of the glass composites is studied and found that filler content plays a significant role in the water absorption property. The addition of both fillers improves the water resistance of the composites. The diffusion mechanism of water absorption of the present composites follows the non-Fickian type. Composites with cenosphere filler show better water resistance when compared to composites with clamshell filler. The effect of moisture absorption on the tensile strength of composites is also investigated which shows that the tensile strength of the composites is degraded after water immersion. The degradation of the tensile strength in the composite is lower in the case of saline water when compared to distilled water. Tensile strength of the composite is increased with the addition of filler and is highest in glass fibre-epoxy composite at 20 wt.% for both clamshell and cenosphere fillers. 20 wt.% of clamshell filler in the composite shows better tensile strength when compared to 20 wt.% of cenosphere in the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an environmentally friendly and renewable energy solution, wind power is rapidly gaining favour worldwide due to its gentle impact on the environment. Nevertheless, the potential environmental risks posed by discarded wind turbine blades still need to be brought to our attention. Therefore, exploring ways to recycle and reuse discarded wind turbine blades has become an urgent task in the field of environmental protection. This study focuses on the incorporation of recycled glass fibres from crushed wind turbine blades into concrete to assess their benefits in engineering practice. In this study, we used four different particle sizes of recycled glass fibres, 0-5mm, 5-10mm, 10-15mm and 15-20mm, and incorporated them into the concrete at four different admixture levels of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%. By comprehensively examining its workability, mechanical properties and microstructure, we found that although the incorporation of glass fibres reduced the apparent density, slump and compressive strength of the concrete to a certain extent, it significantly improved the split tensile and flexural strengths of the concrete, as well as effectively improved the brittleness of the material and enhanced its toughness. These findings reveal the feasibility of recycling glass fibres from decommissioned wind turbine blades and applying them to concrete. This study not only opens up a new path for environmentally friendly recycling and reuse of wind turbine blades, but also provides a valuable reference for practical engineering applications, with significant social and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand layup was used to fabricate the glass fibre reinforced aluminium foam epoxy composites in this study. On the manufactured materials, dry sliding wear experiments were performed. The effect of wearprocess parameters such asapplying load (kg), speed (m/s), and sliding distance (m) on specific wear rate (Ws) was investigatedand the obtained results were compared with neat glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite in this work. The outcome of these results showed that specific wear rate (Ws) of glassfibre epoxy composite containing aluminium foam decreased as compared with neat glass fibre reinforced polymer composites. Experimental results showed that a minimum wear rate of 10.1 µm was attained for the sliding velocity (1.5 m/s), Applied load (2 kg), and sliding distance (1000 m) in the fabricated composite laminates. It was observed thatthe resistance to wear in glass fibre reinforced aluminium foam composite was mainly due to the bond strength between aluminium foam and epoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aid of 3D printing, this study attempts to calculate the effective elastic modulus as well as the dimensional correctness and porosity of bolt samples. The main contribution of this study is the identification of the bolt sample porosity that is most appropriate for use as cancellous bone implants. It was discovered by contrasting the printed bolt sample's size, porosity, and effective modulus of elasticity with cancellous bone, as well as with the CAD model. This study examines the characteristics of bolt PLA samples created using SolidWorks software and manufactured in three dimensions using FDM. Observing the uniaxial tensile and determining its elasticity using stress-strain curves were the goals. Three of the five bolt samples used in the tests yielded essentially accurate results. Our research will aid in comprehending numerous facets of creating, testing, and optimising 3-D printed PLA bolts for use in real-world applications. The effective modulus of elasticity is generated by computer simulation using the MSC Marc software. Bolts with porosity variations of 42.9 percent and 58.1 percent revealed that the results of the printed bolt were flawless, but those with porosity variations of 22.3 percent and 73.4 percent generated incorrect impressions because they had too few pores or features. However, bolts with porosities of 58.1 and 73.4 percent exhibited a suitable elastic modulus that matched the span of cancellous bone. The bolt with a porosity of 58.1 percent was found to be the most suitable for usage as a cancellous bone implant with precise fabrication results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drilling is one of the secondary machining techniques most frequently utilised when Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) materials are assembled into a structure. The present work examines the drilling GFRPs and analyses hole quality based on the different traditional parameters: feed rate, spindle speed, and drill tool diameter. However, the hybridization of glass fiber- reinforced polymers (GRPs) by incorporating fillers as secondary reinforcement in the present piece of research has introduced new challenges for hole drilling and achieving the desired surface finishes. The delamination at the hole entrance and exit, considering the drill diameter of the HSS twist drill (6, 8, 10 mm), feed rate (0.04, 0.08, 0.12 mm/rev), cutting speed (1000, 1200, 1400 rpm), and filler content (0, 10, 20 wt.%) in GFRP, are the major factors are considered. The fillers used are clamshell powder and cenosphere, which are marine waste and thermal power plant waste, respectively. The present paper aims to study the effect of these fillers on the drilling-induced damages to the holes in terms of delamination factor, surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of the hole (taper error, circularity error) of GFRPs. The most widely preferred Taguchi experimental design has been used for optimising the process parameters to obtain minimum delamination, surface roughness, and hole error. The study also aims to develop a correlation between feed rate, cutting velocity, drill diameter, and filler content with the delamination factor, surface roughness, taper error, and circularity error in a GFRP material. The observed results show that clamshells filled GFRP shows lower delamination, surface roughness, circularity error, and taper error compared to cenosphere filled GFRP composites under the same process parameters. It indicates the positive impact of the fillers in the drilling of GFRP, where the main objective is to reduce drilling-induced defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piles are structural elements in a foundation that transfer weight from the superstructure to the soil. The behaviour of pile foundations under lateral loading is critical. The pile needs to have enhanced tensile strength and ductility by adding supplementary material to withstand the lateral loads. There were many research studies done to improve these properties in concrete, and the addition of fibre to the concrete is one among them. Fibre-reinforced concrete is classified into numerous categories depending on the type of fibre used. This study is to use the combination of Basalt and E-glass fibre i.e., hybrid in the full-scale pile foundation under combined axial and lateral cyclic loadings. The experimental investigation was conducted on the full-scaled Conventional Concrete (CC) and Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) piles to understand the behaviour under static and cyclic lateral loads. The lateral displacement on the piles was measured at each level of loadings using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). The load–displacement behaviour of CC and HFRC piles was compared under different loading conditions. The HFRC pile exhibits a 40% reduction in displacement and a 10% increase in ultimate carrying capacity compared to the CC pile. HFRC piles tend to have more load-carrying capacity than the CC piles under all types of loadings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the incorporation of dolomite based geopolymer on the tensile and flexural properties of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite were investigated. Composites containing different weight percentages of fillers (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%) were fabricated using hand lay-up and vacuum bagging techniques. The experimental results showed that the dolomite based geopolymer contributed to the detrimental effect on tensile strength of the composite with 2.5 wt.% incorporation of the filler contributed to the least detrimental effect. 2.5 wt.% incorporation of dolomite based geopolymer meanwhile improved flexural strength by 13.04%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the process of using injection moulding to join two different materials to manufacture bi-component moulded products with improved performance characteristics. The two-component process, which combines the advantages of two different technologies—the high efficiency of the injection moulding process and the excellent mechanical properties of long glass fibre composites produced by resin transfer moulding (RTM) technology—offers a particular advantage and improved applicability of the prepared lightweight products in both the automotive and aerospace sectors. The composite studied here consists of Elium® thermoplastic resin (30%) reinforced with unwoven glass fibre fabric (70%) using the RTM process. The Elium® composite sample is consequently used as an insert overmoulded with polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) homopolymer reinforced with 20% w/w of short glass fibre through injection moulding. The influence of different mould temperatures and surface treatments on the adhesion between the materials used is investigated by evaluating the mechanical performance using tensile shear strength tests. It was found that while an increase in mould temperature from 40 °C to 120 °C resulted in a doubling of the initial average bond strength between untreated Elium® RTM inserts and overmoulded PBT parts (0.9 MPa), sandblasting the inserts ensured a further tripling of the bond strength of the composites to a value of 5.4 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinyl esters are increasingly being used as the matrix polymer in fibre-reinforced composites for demanding large applications which experience long-term exposure to moist and wet conditions. This paper presents the results of a study of ageing due to moisture absorption in vinyl ester polymer and glass fibre–vinyl ester laminates. The moisture uptake kinetics of the two neat VE polymers, cured at different conditions, and their glass-reinforced composites has been characterised by gravimetric methods. These studies have been carried out using submersion in water at 23 °C and 50 °C and exposure to high relative humidity moisture conditions at room temperature. A dynamic mechanical analysis characterisation of the glass transition temperatures of both the aged matrix and the composite is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raised access floors are nowadays widely used in buildings. A novel raised access flooring product is developed by this research, with a set of sustainable features, including less environmental impact and high strength. Its floor panels are made of polyurethane (PU) reinforced with glass fibre, which is light-weight and fire-resistant, replacing the traditional floor panel materials, and the panels are supported by simplified steel stringers to reinforce the strength of the flooring product. Instead of the conventional sandwich design consisting of a core material encapsulated by outer layers, the new floor panel design adopts the reinforced PU as its sole material, which not only simplifies the structure but also reduces floor weight and costs. The sustainable advantage is further approved by the environmental life cycle assessments of the new raised flooring product in comparison to traditional ones made of cement and woodchips, with results showing that the new floor product's total environmental impact is 52% less than cement floor and 47% less than woodchip board floor. Further, the finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out, and the experimental test was conducted to verify the FEA results, indicating that the new product's strength is higher than the requirements of the raised access flooring product standards. There is no raised access flooring product made of PU reinforced with glass fibre available in the market, and, hence, the new product developed by this research is a novel contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present a progressive damage modelling study of 8-harness satin weave S-2 glass fibre-reinforced SC15 epoxy matrix composites. Extensive mechanical properties of the composite were investigated throughout the study. The material was subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI) loading for investigating progressive damage. MAT162 material model in Ls-Dyna commercial finite element software was chosen for modelling damage that occurred in composite structure at the end of LVI test. MAT162 needs different material properties including elastic and strength properties with additional damage parameters. Different standard and non-standard tests were conducted to obtain these properties. Additionally, numerical simulation studies were run to calibrate these material properties. Finally, a set of calibrated material properties of 8HS-S2G/SC15 composite were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites (PGFRPC) as a replacement material for conventional wooden cross-arm in high transmission towers is relatively new. Although there are several studies on enhancement of the cross-arm structure, there is still a lack of study on the elastic properties of a full-scale PGFRPC cross-arm enhanced with honeycomb sandwich structure. To full-fill the gap, this paper describes an experimental methodology used to obtain the elastic properties of the cross-arm using a three-point bending (3-PB) flexural test by following ASTM D790 standard for deflection behaviour and flexural creep response. The investigation involved several cross-arm members subjected to loading across different span lengths by propose two methods in order to measure the effective cross-arm member section flexural modulus (Ec) and shear modulus (Gc). The creep behaviour of the panels was successfully modeled using Findley's power law, confirming the ability of this empirical approach to simulate the viscoelastic response of the cross-arm. Next predictions were made for up to 50 years of service and the results shows the elastic modulus reduction for the enhanced cross-arm with the honeycomb sandwich structure was approximately reduce to 70 % compare with existing cross-arm which reduce almost 75 % at 50 years of application. The enhanced cross-arm exhibited lower deflection and better creep resistance and increased the bending strength of the cross-arm as well as extended its potential lifespan. Predictions indicated that the enhanced cross-arm maintained better mechanical properties over time compared to the existing one.

Glass fibre reinforcements form the backbone of the composites industry. Today, glass fibre products account for more than 95% of the fibre reinforcements used in the composites industry. Since the first commercialisation of glass fibres for composite reinforcement in the 1930s, the cross-sectional shape of glass fibres has remained exclusively circular. However, many of the other types of fibre reinforcement have a non-circular cross section (NCCS). This paper reviews the available knowledge on the production of NCCS glass fibres and some of the possibilities that such fibres offer to enhance the performance of glass reinforced polymer composites. The three parts of the review focus on early research work on different shapes of glass fibre, the developments leading to industrial-level production of NCCS glass fibres, and the more recent data available on the influence of the available commercially produced NCCS flat glass fibres on composite performance. It Is concluded that the continued development of NCCS glass fibres may offer interesting potential to generate composites with increased performance and may also enable further tailoring of composite performance to enable new applications to be developed.

Using cement with fibers is a cost-effective way to improve soft clays' engineering properties. This study investigates the strength, stiffness, and durability of artificially cemented alluvial clay stabilized with glass fiber. Unconfined compressive strength and shear wave velocity tests were used, along with microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Durability and resistance to harsh weather were evaluated using wet-dry cycles. The combination of cement and glass fiber improved the mechanical response, with 0.4% glass fiber being the most effective. A blend of 0.4% glass fiber with 13% cement showed the highest strength and stiffness improvement and reduced mass loss. This mixture, supported by unique power functions forecasting its properties, is suitable for various civil engineering projects, such as unbounded sub-layers, highway barriers, stone columns, and ground improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. Various natural and artificial fibres are added in concrete to enhance the crack resistance property by developing some bonding between fibre and concrete. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also the fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has become popular in construction industry in last few decades. FRC is not only performs better than conventional concrete but also it reduces environmental pollution. Actually in many rural area, people are not concerned about the pollution and hygiene. The unused portion of sugarcane fibre, banana fibre, jute fibre are thrown into pond/ lake. After few days they decompose and rotten, that causes pollution in waterbody and disturb the ecosystem. The fibres can be used as additive in concrete to enhance their overall performance as well as to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a state-of-art review has been investigated on FRC and its different benefits. Different fibres such as jute fibre, coconut fibre, polypropylene, basalt, areca leaf, glass, mask, plastic, carbon and steel fibre were incorporated in concrete by several researchers in the past decades that have been highlighted in detail in this paper. The performance has been evaluated in terms of load displacement hysteretic pattern, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, crack resistance, durability and workability of FRC. The virtue and limitations of FRC have also been discussed. From the existing literature, it is found that the performance of FRC under dynamic load, Damage assessment, Time dependent assessment of damage, Effect of fibre in high-performance concrete (HPFRC) and Life cycle assessment are found as major literature gap that needs to be fulfilled. A case study on damage assessment of FRC has also been conducted in this paper. From the result it is found that the Carbon fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC), Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and Areca leaf sheath fibre reinforced concrete (ALSFRC) are experiencing lesser damage in compared to normal concrete without fibre. Based on the existing literature the future scope and probable direction of research of FRC have also been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new green building material with low pollution, low energy consumption and high strength; however, it has the disadvantage of being brittle and prone to cracking. Studies have shown that the incorporation of inorganic fibres in GPC can enhance the toughness of GPC and inhibit the development of cracks. There is no clear uniformity in the existing literature on the effect of inorganic fibres to enhance GPC. In this paper, the research reports on the effect of inorganic fibres on the mechanical properties of GPC in recent years, and the prospects of their future research are discussed.

The utilization of pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites (PGFRPC) to replace traditional wooden cross-arms in high transmission towers is a relatively recent development. While there have been numerous investigations into enhancing cross-arm structures, there remains a notable absence of research focused on the elastic characteristics of a full-scale PGFRPC cross-arm, particularly one enhanced with a honeycomb sandwich structure. To full-fill the gap, this paper presents an experimental and numerical study through cantilever beam flexural tests on assembled cross-arm condition to examine deflection behavior and the flexural creep response. For deflection behavior, the load was applied up to actual working load. For creep behavior, the hanging load was applied for 1000 h in open area condition followed ASTM D2990 standards. By using Findley's power law, confirming the ability of this empirical approach to simulate the viscoelastic response of the cross-arm. The results obtained prove that the addition of a honeycomb sandwich structure reduced deflection and improved resilience against bending forces, enhancing specific points' elastic modulus slightly. Long-term creep tests revealed Point Y3 had the highest strain, but the enhanced cross-arm displayed superior resistance and a shorter viscoelastic transition period, indicating increased stability. Besides that, the Findley's Power Law Model effectively represented creep behavior for both cross-arm types, with low errors. Over 50 years, both versions showed a significant reduction in average elastic modulus, with the enhanced variant 20 % stronger due to the honeycomb structure. In conclusion, this study validates the superior creep properties of the enhanced PGFRPC cross-arm and demonstrates the honeycomb sandwich structure's substantial role in increasing strength and extending the cross-arm's lifespan, making it a valuable enhancement for such applications.

This study was an attempt to combine fused deposition modelling and hot press moulding technique to fabricate hybrid polymer composites using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer, woven glass fibre (GF) and woven carbon fibre (CF). The composite specimens were subjected towere subjected to mechanical and thermal characterization.Tensile strength of GF/ABS and GF/CF/ABS composite were far higher than the virgin ABS. GF/ABS composites displayedimproved thermal resistance by giving a final residue of 42.36%, followed by GF/CF/ABS hybrid composites as per the thermogravimetric analysis. Thermomechanical analysis revealed the coefficient of thermal expansion in the order: ABS > GF/ABS > GF/CF/ABS. The entropy obtained from the DSC curve was of higher value for composites than the ABS. The ABS based composites fabricated from this technique can be applicable to structural parts in the automobiles, aircrafts, shipping vessels, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different types of additives are used in asphalt modification to enhance several properties within the asphalt pavement. In various cases, modification is needed by using multiple additives, which is called composite modification. In this study, glass fibre and nano clay were used to modify the asphalt pavement. The amount of these two additives, together with the optimum bitumen content, was determined by the response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite method (CCD) was used for determining the optimum amount of independent variables (nano clay, glass fibre, bitumen content), by evaluating the dependent variables. Marshall mixture design criteria and minimum bitumen content, were the optimal conditions. As a result, the mixture containing 0.2% glass fibre, 3.693% nano clay and 4.096% bitumen content, was predicted to give the most desirable characteristics. Additionally, verification tests were conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the predicted model. The results were within the 95% confidence intervals for all response variables, which demonstrates the validity of the model obtained in the study. Consequently, CCD can be used to obtain design optimisation of asphalt modification with less mixture production for experimental stages. This is a substantial advantage, which supports human safety and environment- friendly practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day, there is a huge trend in research and development of bio-based products which have a wide variety of replacement for naturally existing materials. The current research intends to determine the qualities of a composite laminate material consisting of maize husk and glass fibre. The composite is created by alternately overlaying glass fibre cloths on corn husk fibre layers. The required composition and thickness are achieved by calculation of number of the layer of each fibres. The epoxy resin and hardener by weight is mixed in the ratio 10:1 respectively. It is poured between the layers of the composite to generate adhesion. Hand lay-up technique is adopted in manufacturing of the material and the material is pressed for certain duration using nut and bolt template assembly allowing it for natural curing. The composite is been tested for bending, tensile and water absorption tests according to standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fibre–matrix interface represents a vital element in the development and characterisation of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs). Extensive ranges of interfacial properties exist for different composite systems, measured with various interface characterisation techniques. However, the discrepancies in interfacial properties of similar fibre–matrix systems have not been fully addressed or explained. In this review, first, the interface-forming mechanisms of FRPs are established. Following a discourse on three primary factors that affect the fibre–matrix interface, the four main interface characterisation methods (single-fibre fragmentation, single-fibre pull-out, microbond and fibre push-in/-out tests) are described and critically reviewed. These sections review various detailed data reduction schemes, numerical approaches, accompanying challenges and sources of reported scatter. Finally, following the assessment of several infrequent test methods, comprehensive conclusions, prospective directions and intriguing extensions to the field are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This laboratory experiment was conducted with the objective of augmenting the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) via altering the composition of GIC luting powder through the introduction of micron-sized silanized glass fibres (GFs). Experimental GICs were prepared through the addition of two concentrations of GFs (0.5% and 1.0% by weight) to the powder of commercially available GIC luting materials. The effect of GF in set GIC was internally evaluated using micro-CT while the mechanical attributes such as nano hardness (nH), elastic modulus (EM), compressive strength (CS), and diametral tensile strength (DTS) were gauged. Additionally, the physical properties such as water solubility and sorption, contact angle (CA), and film thickness were evaluated. Reinforced Ketac Cem Radiopaque (KCR) GIC with 0.5 wt.% GF achieved improved nH, EM, CS, and DTS without affecting the film thickness, CA or internal porosity of the set GIC cement. In contrast, both GF-GIC formulations of Medicem (MC) GIC showed the detrimental effect of the GF incorporation. Reinforcing KCR GIC with 0.5 wt.% silanized GFs could improve the physical and mechanical attributes of luting material. Silanized GF, with optimal concentration within the GIC powder, can be used as a functional additive in KCR GIC with promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, glass fibres with red mud, as the main raw material, were prepared. The effect of the iron oxide content on the structure and alkali resistance of the glass fibres was studied by XPS, FT-IR, DSC, SEM-EDS, while the tensile strength and mass loss rate in alkali corrosion were also analysed. The results showed iron existed mainly in the form of Fe3+. The network polymerisation degree of the glasses decreased as the SiO₂/Fe₂O₃ mass ratio (Si/Fe) decreased, which caused a significant reduction in the Tg and the thermal stability parameter ΔT (ΔT=Tc-Tg). The fibre tensile strength deteriorated when the Si/Fe ratio decreased, while the alkali resistance of the fibres strengthened. After 72 h of alkali corrosion, the average tensile strength of fibres decreased significantly, which were all below 500 MPa. The SEM combined with EDS analysis revealed the shell formed on the fibre surface was mainly oxides and hydroxides of insoluble metals (Fe, Ca), preventing further corrosion by OH-.

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The main aim of this work is to comparatively reveal the effect of fibre type, length and content on compressive strength and microstructure of structural geopolymer concrete (GPC) produced under constant mixture and curing parameters in order to address the significant gap in present literature. Firstly, GPCs with different NaOH concentrations (i.e., 6, 9, 12 and 15 M) and activator solution/binder (a/b) ratios (i.e., 0.45 and 0.55) were produced in ambient curing condition, and optimum production parameters were determined based on the preliminary evaluations. Then, glass and polypropylene fibres in 6‐mm length (GS6 and PP6) and polyamide and polypropylene fibres in 12‐mm length (PY12 and PP12) were included in GPCs at ratio of 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% (by volume). Compressive strength, apparent porosity, bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of GPC samples were carried out comparatively. The inclusion of GS6 fibre enhanced the compressive strength thanks to fibre surface being covered by geopolymer gel and the strong adhesion between GS fibre and geopolymer matrix. SEM images of fibre reinforced GPC (FRGPC) also confirmed the experimental findings, which were attributed to improvement in compressive strength. Regardless of the fibre type, the maximum compressive value strength was obtained from GPC specimens with 0.4% fibre and then decreased. Higher fibre inclusions led to poor compaction, workability issues and inhomogeneous fibre dispersions. A very good relation (R2 = 0.98) was acquired between UPV and compressive strength values of GPC/FRGPC samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]