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Let U be the subalgegra of l ( Z) generated by the minimal functions. The collection of U-interpolation sets is identified as the ideal of small subsets of Z. General theorems about the relation between invariant ideals and collections of A-interpolation sets, for subalgebras A of l , are proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite the worsening of the opioid epidemic, access to quality treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) including buprenorphine remains a challenge. With the onset of the COVID-19 public health emergency, temporary regulatory changes and expanded reimbursement for telehealth services allowed for the rapid expansion of remote treatment for OUD and increased access to buprenorphine, but limited research exists to support this revolutionary shift in care delivery. This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of a novel digital therapeutic intervention for OUD combining buprenorphine and behavioral therapy., Methods: Adults ( n  = 27) with OUD received treatment with daily sublingual buprenorphine and psychosocial treatment delivered digitally via a smartphone app over 12 weeks. Participants were evaluated monthly for continued opioid use, medication adherence, anxiety and depression indicators, abstinence self-efficacy, craving, and overall well-being, as well as a one-time measure of treatment acceptability., Results: Participants reported increased opioid abstinence days from baseline ( M  = 8.2, SD = 8.6) to 12 weeks per 30 days ( M  = 24.9, SD = 10.1), t (20) = -6.5, p  < .000, with strong medication adherence across study waves (96.2%). Anxiety and depression indicators, and opioid craving significantly decreased, and abstinence self-efficacy and overall well-being significantly increased following the intervention. Participants also demonstrated high rates of treatment engagement., Conclusions: As current public health emergency regulatory changes are reviewed for permanency, this feasibility and acceptability study of a novel digital therapeutic intervention for OUD including buprenorphine adds to the growing evidence that supports maintaining telehealth access for quality OUD treatment., Competing Interests: All authors of this article and staff responsible for the conduct of this research are employees of the study funder, Digital Therapeutics, Inc., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of implementing suicide risk screening in a virtual addiction clinic. Suicide risk screening was implemented in a virtual addiction clinic serving individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) using a quality improvement framework. One-hundred percent (252/252) of eligible patients enrolled in the clinic were screened for suicide risk (44% female; M[SD] age = 45.0[11.0] years, range = 21-68 years). Nineteen patients (8%) screened positive for suicide risk. After screening, no patients required emergency suicide interventions (100% non-acute positive). Notably, 74% (14/19) of those who screened positive did so by endorsing at least one past suicide attempt with no recent ideation. Suicide risk screening in virtual addiction clinics yields important clinical information for high-risk SUD populations without overburdening workflow with emergency services. Given the high proportion of non-acute positive screens based on suicide attempt histories with no recent ideation, clinicians may utilize information on suicide attempt history to facilitate further mental healthcare., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Despite research demonstrating that those who use e-cigarettes, also known as vaping, express an interest in quitting, evidence-based vaping cessation interventions are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of an mHealth vaping cessation intervention., Methods: Adults ( N  = 51) who were vaping nicotine were recruited online and enrolled in a 6-week mHealth intervention combining nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), self-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and coaching support through telephone and asynchronous messaging. Feasibility and self-reported 7- and 30-day abstinence were assessed at baseline and 1-month postquit date., Results: The majority of participants completed treatment (45/51) and found the intervention helpful in supporting their vaping behavior change objectives. At 1-month postquit date, 48.9% (22/45) of study completers reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence and 28.8% (13/45) reported continuous 30-day abstinence., Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary support for an mHealth intervention approach to vaping cessation combining remote CBT-based coaching with NRT., Competing Interests: D.M. and S.G. are employed by Digital Therapeutics, Inc., J.W. was previously employed by Digital Therapeutics, Inc., and A.A. has served as a paid research consultant for Digital Therapeutics, Inc., (© Jamie Webb et al., 2023; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)

Objective: This randomized clinical trial tested the effectiveness of an addiction-based digital weight-loss intervention, focusing on withdrawal/abstinence from self-identified problem foods, snacking and excessive amounts at meals, and discomfort displacement, with and without coaching, compared to an in-person, multi-disciplinary, care model among adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that the digital intervention with coaching would yield greater weight loss and lower delivery burden than the standard clinical arm, and greater participant engagement than the digital arm without coaching., Methods: Adolescents were randomized to app intervention, with or without coaching, or in-person multidisciplinary obesity intervention for 6 months. The primary outcome was change in %BMI p95 at weeks 12 and 24. A mixed-effects linear regression model was used to assess the association between change in %BMI p95 and intervention arm. We were also interested in assessing delivery burden, participant engagement and evaluating the relationships between weight change and demographic characteristics, mood, executive function and eating behaviours., Results: All adolescents (n = 161; BMI ≥95th%, age 16 ± 2.5 year; 47% Hispanic, 65% female, 59% publicly insured) lost weight over 24-weeks (-1.29%, [-1.82, -0.76], p < 0.0001), with no significant weight loss difference between groups (p = 0.3). Girls lost more weight than boys, whereas binge eating behaviour at baseline was associated with increase in %BMI p95 when controlling for other covariates. There was no association between ethnicity, mood, timing of intervention in relation to the pandemic, or executive function and change in %BMI p95 ., Conclusions: Contrary with our hypothesis, our results showed no difference in the change in BMI status between treatment arms. Since efficacy of this digital intervention was not inferior to in-person, multi-disciplinary care, this could offer a reasonable weight management option for clinicians, based on youth and family specific characteristics, such as accessibility, resources, and communication styles., Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT035008353., (© 2022 World Obesity Federation.)

Background: A small fraction of individuals in need of treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) seek care, owing largely to barriers to accessing treatment. In the present pilot study, we examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an m-health intervention combining cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for individuals with AUD., Methods: Adults with AUD ( N  = 26) recruited through online, social media-based advertising were enrolled in a 12-week, integrated telemedicine intervention combining psychosocial treatment with medical management: Quit Genius for AUD (QG-A). Feasibility, acceptability, perceived helpfulness, treatment engagement, retention, completion, and clinical outcomes including alcohol use and secondary mental health outcomes were assessed., Results: Participants found the QG-A intervention to be acceptable and helpful in facilitating action toward their therapeutic goals concerning alcohol use. Treatment completion, achieved by the majority (85%) of participants, was excellent. On average, participants reduced their past 30-day alcohol use from baseline (mean proportion of days of abstinent = 0.13) to follow-up ( M  = 0.59), t (19) = -4.97, p  < 0.001, and consumed fewer drinks per drinking day from baseline ( M  = 6.7) to follow-up ( M  = 2.0), t (19) = 3.61, p  < 0.001. Concurrently, reductions were observed in depressive ( t [22] = 5.39, p  < 0.001) and anxiety ( t [22] = 2.87, p  < 0.01) symptom severity, from the moderately severe range at baseline to the mild range at treatment-end, with increases in resilience ( t [22] = -3.54, p  < 0.001)., Conclusions: Addressing AUDs using an integrated m-health intervention to deliver evidence-based psychosocial and pharmacological treatment is feasible and may produce improvements in both alcohol use and psychiatric symptoms., Competing Interests: S.G., J.W., D.M., and P.P. are employed by Digital Therapeutics, Inc. A.A. and C.M. have served as paid research consultants for Digital Therapeutics, Inc., (© Suzette Glasner et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)

Introduction: This study evaluated the secondary effectiveness outcomes for Quit Genius, a digital clinician-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for smoking cessation., Methods: Adult smokers (N = 556) were randomly assigned to Quit Genius (n = 277), a digital, clinician-assisted CBT intervention or very brief advice (VBA) to stop smoking, an evidence-based, 30-s intervention designed to facilitate quit attempts, coupled with referral to a cessation service (n = 279). Participants were offered combination nicotine replacement therapy (patches and gum) tailored to individual nicotine dependence. Analyses (n = 530), by intention-to-treat, compared Quit Genius and VBA at 4, 26, and 52 weeks post-quit date (QD). The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 4 weeks post-QD. Consecutive 7-day point-prevalence abstinence, defined as abstinent at two or more consecutive timepoints, was examined at weeks 26 and 52 to indicate long-term effectiveness. Abstinence was verified using a random sample of participants with carbon monoxide breath testing of &lt;5 parts per million (n = 280)., Results: Self-reported consecutive 7-day PPA at weeks 26 and 52 for Quit Genius was 27.2% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with VBA which was 16.6% and 13.2% (RR = 1.70, 95% CI, 1.22-2.37; p = .003, 26 weeks; RR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.17-2.50; P = .005, 52 weeks). Biochemically verified abstinence was significantly different at 26- (p = .03) but not 52 weeks (p = .16). Quit Genius participants were more likely to remain abstinent than those who received VBA (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.50; p = .005)., Conclusions: This study provides secondary evidence for the long-term effectiveness of Quit Genius in comparison with VBA. Future trials of digital interventions without clinician support and comparisons with active treatment are needed., Implications: The long-term effectiveness of clinician-assisted digital smoking cessation interventions has not been well studied. This study established the long-term effectiveness of an extended CBT-based intervention; results may inform implementation of scalable approaches to smoking cessation in the health system., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)

Purpose: Displacement behavior is a biobehavioral mechanism that allows an animal to deal with situations that cannot readily be faced nor avoided, or that are thwarting. It may explain compulsive overeating (eating addiction). Resembling addiction, displacement behavior is irrepressible behavior that is contextually inappropriate, e.g., sleeping or feeding when threatened by a predator, or binge eating in response to a work altercation. It is thought to be due to rechanneling of overflow brain energy to another drive (e.g., feeding drive) when two drives, e.g., fight or flight, equally oppose each other. Moving the opposing drives out of equilibrium, by resolving the person's underlying problems/stressful situations, theoretically should mitigate the displacement mechanism and addictive overeating., Methods: We developed a mobile phone intervention targeting addictive overeating, including a displacement mechanism component. A displacement use subgroup (N = 37) ages 14-18 with obesity (mean BMI = 38.1) identified life situations they could neither face nor avoid, or that were thwarting them, and developed action plans to address each situation. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated., Results: Participants found the displacement component to be understandable and user-friendly. The majority (26/37-70%) used the core "Dread List" feature to input 90 individual dreaded/problem situations fueling displacement-based overeating, coupled with action plans to address each problem. Dread items related to school accounted for nearly one-half (46%: 41/90) of all dread situations reported by participants., Conclusion: The displacement mechanism may be a useful basis for treatment of eating addiction and obesity and may provide individuals with hope that they can curb their addiction without relying on willpower to not overeat. A randomized trial evaluating the displacement intervention is planned., Level of Evidence: Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees., Registration: The study was reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03500835) April 18, 2018., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing public health concern, and is highly comorbid with negative affective conditions such as anxiety and depression. Late adolescence and early adulthood represents a time of rapid emotion regulation development, as well as the onset of anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders, especially CUD. Maladaptive cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responding to one's own negative affect (in an effort to eliminate it) is associated with substance use, and represents a novel treatment target to improve outcomes of treatment for substance misuse., Method: After development of a manual for a novel intervention, Affect Management Treatment (AMT) for CUD, a pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted in 18-25 year-old participants with CUD to evaluate the impact of this approach on negative affect, constructs (e.g., distress intolerance) representing maladaptive reactivity to negative affect, and cannabis use. Participants (N = 52) received either 12 sessions of standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for CUD or 12 sessions of AMT and were assessed on measures of negative affect, reactivity to negative affect, cannabis use, and cannabis use problems at baseline, throughout treatment, post-treatment, and 6-mo follow-up., Results: AMT outperformed CBT in reducing negative affect and reactivity to negative affect, and it had a significant impact on cannabis use and cannabis use problems. There were no statistically significant between-group differences on cannabis outcomes., Conclusions: AMT offers a novel, successful approach to the treatment of CUD., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)