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Inspired by the background adaptive mechanism of eagle vision in different hunting environment, a biological eagle-eye vision adaptation mechanism algorithm is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect the long-distance maritime small target in complex and changeable sea environment. First, the various environment adjustment abilities are summarized according to the physiological structures and characteristics of eagle vision. Second, the mathematical models of glaring adaptation, dim adaptation, color adaptation, and the background adaptation are established based on the background adaptation mechanisms of eagle vision. Last but not least, our proposed biological eagle-eye vision adaptation method and other five comparative experiments are implemented in different scenes, such as dazzling, cloudy, dusk, etc. The results of various evaluation indices show that the information of maritime small target is retained satisfactorily and the background of sea or sky is restrained effectively by the proposed algorithm. The maritime small target detection algorithm can be used for the vision system of UAV operating on the sea. It provides a feasible solution for UAV's remote vision autonomous navigation in changeable sea environment.

Research has made clear that there are persistent and glaring inequities in our educational system. While the evidence is clear, there is often disagreement about and misunderstanding of the reason...

Between 1990–1992, as well as 2011, the archaeological campaigns within the Potaissa legionary fortress focused primarily on researching the centuriae cohortis I milliariae in latus praetorii dextrum. This endeavour lead to the discovery of a total of 928 individual wares. One of the most interesting finds comes in the form of a face pot, a unique discovery so far for this legionary fortress.

The inequalities embedded in the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines are glaring. Home to 81 percent of the world’s adult population, low- and middle-income countries have been able to ...

This collection takes note of two giant facts and one glaring historiographical gap: over the last decades, following the historical profession’s ‘cultural turn’, the sub-field of sports history ha...

Two glaring anomalies in investment management are apparent: (1) after fees, active portfolio managers do worse than market indices, and (2) clients continue to pay for services they don’t receive....

“Do I even have a right to be here?” On more than one occasion, Ruben Salgado Escudero asked himself this question as he travelled through rural Myanmar with his expensive photographic equipment. The Spanish photographer, who visited this country in 2014 on behalf of a humanitarian organization, was amazed by the glaring lack of access to electricity. “Most of the villages I went to, didn’t have electricity,” he explains.

The lack of a computerized approach to optimally size hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems leaves a glaring gap in our knowledge of their benefits when utilized in an urban environment. To address this issue, this study introduces two new, robust methodologies, one for determining optimal GSHP size as part of a hybrid system for an individual building and one for assessing the appropriateness of combining multiple buildings onto a single hybrid GSHP system. Both methodologies simultaneously consider heating and cooling and are applicable to residential, commercial and industrial buildings that are either heating or cooling dominant. Using these methodologies can result in significant reductions in initial costs of installation, payback period, and operation costs, when compared to following rules of thumb or using non-hybrid systems. In most cases, when optimization is performed, the GSHP meets very large portions of the total annual heating and cooling demand of buildings.

Hospitals in the United States are assessed and ranked by several agencies and services, including U.S. News & World Report. Frequently, though, the key hospital throughput metric of inpatient boarding time in the emergency department (ED) is not considered when ranking hospitals. As a result, there is a discordance in which highly ranking hospitals may be poor performers in boarding of patients, a practice with known adverse safety effects. This article outlines the rationale for considering ED boarding in hospital ranking and quality assessments.

Revisiting James C. Scott’s classification of forms of resistance, this paper argues that (hidden, subtle) everyday resistance is only one of many types of small-scale or individual resistance prac...

Natural gas flared in just two major US shale plays exceeded the amount of gas consumed last year in Colombia and Israel. The prolific waste from the Permian and the Bakken (Figs. 1 and 2) is a side effect of rising oil production in plays where gas growth is so strong pipeline construction cannot keep up. Flaring is a glaring reminder of the realities of the never-ending rush to drill that is driving down the cost of oil and gas around the globe. These oil-producing wells also produce more gas than processing plants and pipelines can move to market. Pipelines and refineries have recognized that ultralight oil in the Permian is fundamentally different from West Texas Intermediate (WTI), with a make-up that puts it somewhere between oil and gas•liquids. As those wells age, oil production falls as the output shifts to gas. And the cost of sustaining production for the vast majority of producers has consistently exceeded the cash generated by these wells (Fig.• 3). The gap between capital expenditures and revenues was “a staggering $4.7•billion” during the first quarter of 2019, according to a study by Alisa Lukash, a senior analyst on Rystad Energy’s North American shale team, who described it as a “tremendous overspend.” Both the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Rystad have raised outlooks that already predicted strong US oil growth. Flaring growth and overspending have accompanied a rebound in growth in the Permian and Bakken, which are the flaring leaders by far in the US. More than half of the total comes from the Permian, which has surpassed the Bakken by more than tripling the volume of gas burned per day since early 2017. The severity of the problem, though, is more acute in the Bakken. While Rystad said about 5% of the Permian gas is flared, in the Bakken, 19% of the gas is flared, according to the oil and gas division of the North Dakota Industrial Commission. The Permian produces far more gas but has the advantage of being close to growing markets for it—chemical plants, export pipelines to Mexico, and natural gas liquefaction facilities—while North Dakota is a distant option for Midwestern markets well supplied by other plays. Limited pipeline capacity means those shippers without contracts ensuring they can move their gas are paid little or less than nothing—prices at Waha gas hub in west Texas repeatedly sank into negative territory over the winter, and pipeline shortages will linger until a big new pipeline goes into service. Oil pipeline construction also has lagged supply growth in the Bakken. Trains and trucks can ship oil, but that is a costly option. North Dakota oil regulators reported that Bakken prices hovered around $50/bbl early this year when the benchmark US oil grade was about $10/bbl higher.

Inequality is the handmaiden of progress.1Capitalism is lauded for its associations with liberty, progress and prosperity; it is derided for being oblivious to glaring social and economic inequalit...

Significant steps have been made towards driverless cars in the last couple of years. Nowadays car’s often posses cameras. They are able to alert the driver in the event of a not signalized lane change, follow lane markers, detect weather phenomena like fog, snow, rain, sun glaring, automatic video cruise control, etc. Al such behaviors enhance the driving pleasure. Detecting potholes and/or debris on the road and assessing their position relative to the car wheels in order to change the suspension properties seems right around the corner. This paper introduces a mechanism used to process the pavement images to detect potholes and or road defects. Such detection done by private cars may reduce the Road Service Department’s expense if submitted to them in an organized manner. Detecting a pothole in a succession of images allows tracking and wheel-hitting estimation. Such way, the control system is able to instruct the car’s suspension regarding this matter.

Vehicle headlights high beam cause's danger during night time because most of the drivers use high beams during driving. This causes a glare effect to the driver in the opposite direction for a short period of time. This leads to accidents and another problem during night times is the wastage of power in streets since continuously the street lights are turned ON. This may generates a power crisis for future generation. To avoid these problems we are proposing, vehicle headlight automation with smart energy management system this takes care both the problems. The proposed system uses a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor for sensing high beam of opposite vehicle and inputs to Aurdino UNO to take a decision to dim the high beam. This technique completely avoids both the drivers from glaring effect. The smart energy management system placed in electric poles controls the electric power consumptions and avoids manpower. The smart energy management system with PIR sensor detects the movement of vehicle or any object on street and turns ON only a particular street light ahead of vehicle or object, and switches OFF the light as the vehicle or object moves which saves the energy. As soon the sun rises, light is sensed by LDR and automatically switches OFF street lights.

The solar photovoltaic cells received special attention during the past few years due to their rapid renewability consideration, particularly in international airports because of sustainability and high cost of fossil fuel. The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility performance of a novel 12 MWp capacity solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant at Doncaster Sheffield Airport, UK and to develop a mathematical model to provide a greater understanding of glare from solar panels and subsequently outline methods to avoid its effects. SISIFO and Global Solar Atlas software (GSA) simulations were used to obtain the results. Results reported that the proposed plant produced average energy of 1,034.31 MWh monthly and 12,411.69 MWh annually. The maximum electricity production was observed in May, June, and July as 1,772.71, 1,872.32, and 1,818.25 MWh, with 20.51, 21.67, and 21.04% of Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF), respectively. The average energy yield per month was achieved as 2585.74 kWh/kWp with an average performance ratio of 82.59%. Results also showed that 12 MWp PV plant at DSA reduced an average CO2 emission of 10,562,270 kg (11,642.90 tons) annually. The results revealed that glaring is very unlikely to occur throughout the year; however, winter period produced the lowest trajectory of reflected light. Overall, the proposed solar plant at Doncaster Sheffield airport (DSA) was found to be feasible and generates almost double electricity of overall energy demand (6,951.55 MWh) at Doncaster Sheffield airport. However, it is recommended that the excessive produced energy during summer could be transfer into the national grid, which would be returned during the winter season to facilitate PV plant.

The article provides a broad overview of the industrial location policy in India since Independence. In India, the glaring regional imbalances and inequalities have arisen through a complex set of historical, socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors. The pre-reform approach to industrial location policy involved top-down identification of lagging areas and targeting them with interventionist and regulatory measures. In the post-reform period, the process of liberalisation has curtailed the role of government as industrial owner and location regulator, and restricted policy space. Thus, the focus shifted to a targeted approach and subnational strategies. Package for industrial development are in operation for the special category states, namely northeastern states, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. In other regions, the development of industries adopted a cluster development approach. However, the peripheral lagging regions continue to stagnate despite the industrial location policy having tried virtually everything. The persistently growing regional disparity in post-reform period is a matter of grave concern. JEL Classification: R3, L5

When it comes to preparedness and response capabilities in the face of a large-scale biological incident, whether natural or human-made, American planning remains a work in progress. Recent legisla...

With the development of society, the convenience offered by two-wheel electric vehicles has made them an ideal road-transportation option for daily short-distance travel. However, this also poses various road-safety concerns. This study aims to analyse the main factors causing fatal injuries at intersections for two-wheel electric vehicle drivers. This study uses 902 sets of data on two-wheel electric vehicle accidents that occurred in Shandong Province between 2014 and 2018 (obtained from the Shandong Tianhong Judicial Expertise Center database) to comprehensively analyse the nine factors that result in driver fatalities at road intersections. A dimensionality reduction of the factors via principal component analysis returned four main factors, namely the collision object, collision-object speed, running direction, and sight obstacles. A subsequent analysis of the main factors revealed that the most common collision object for two-wheel electric vehicle drivers is the automobile, with the most common speed during the collision being 50–60 km/h. Sight obstacles primarily include other vehicles as well as glaring lights. Two-wheel electric vehicles are most prone to accidents when turning left. This study comprehensively analyses the main factors that cause fatal injuries to two-wheel electric vehicle drivers at road intersections. Further investigations can be conducted to analyse the impact of the specific conditions of the two-wheel electric vehicle collisions on the mortality of drivers.

JavaScript’s answer to “packaging” or name-spacing can be expressed rather succinctly—it was nonexistent. This has been one of the most glaring omissions in the language design since the beginning, and has led to a variety of attempts at modularizing code. These ranged from homegrown solutions to full-blown specifications like AMD.

This paper presents an intelligent way of enhancingthe safety of an automobile by integrating multiple features such as headlights that areadaptive to the vehicle steering, inclination, speed and glaring avoidance; windshield wipers that areadaptive to speed and the rate of rainfall and an android application. The glaring avoidance ensures protection against collisions and the android application on the mobile phone is the savior during an emergency situation.

Designing a MV distribution-level power link for flexible operation between AC and DC comes with many technical challenges. Of the most glaring are how to: switch between three-phase AC and bipolar DC; ensure N-l contingency; determine protection sensitivity and selectivity; and how to handle space charge build-up. This paper gives a detailed analysis on the challenges and technical solutions to these topics, and offers a design for the flexible DC-link thought to be the most realistic for operation in a real MV distribution grid application.

Adaptive curve headlights swivel with steering input and are linked to reduced insurance claims and improved visual performance. This study assessed glare experienced from adaptive curve high-intensity discharge (HID), fixed (non-swiveling) HID and fixed halogen headlights - all tested in low beam mode. Twenty participants rated glare from vehicles' headlights using the DeBoer visual discomfort scale as a test driver drove towards them from five approaches on a test track. Participants rated the fixed halogen condition as less glaring than the adaptive curve and fixed HID conditions. There was no significant difference in ratings between the HID low-beam conditions. Collapsing across roadway approaches, the mean subjective ratings for the fixed halogen, adaptive curve HID and fixed HID low-beam conditions indicated 'satisfactory' levels of glare. Differences between subjective ratings were supported by illuminance data. Differences among the three low-beam systems appear minor, relative to their differences from a benchmark high-beam condition. Practitioner Summary: Insurance data indicates reduced claims associated with adaptive curve lighting. The current effort was to study how such lighting affects discomfort glare of oncoming drivers relative to conventional headlights. Participants rated halogen headlights as less glaring than fixed and adaptive curve HID low beams. Differences among systems were small and associated with acceptable levels of discomfort glare.

By omitting the monetary value of human capital from the balance sheet, Finance and Accounting professions are significantly understating the asset valuation of publicly traded and private firms. The author in this article makes a case for treating human capital as an asset. Failure to do so distorts certain financial ratios and value representations in balance sheets. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The development of virtual reality (VR) technology facilitates reading in a virtual environment. However, how the virtual environmental factors influence users’ reading performance has not been studied. Researchers need to compare reading in a virtual environment to the real world situation and to normal digital displays. This paper examined the effect of illumination (dim vs. glaring) in a virtual environment on Chinese text understanding performance, long-term recall performance and affect. The effect of gender is also discussed. The results reveal that in a brightly lit environment, people show better text understanding and logic reasoning performance. However, in a dim environment, people concentrate more and have better long-term memory performance. These findings can be used in guidelines for designers and virtual environment developers. A brightly lit environment is more suitable for understanding and for logical reasoning tasks and a dim environment is suggested for tasks regarding memory and concentration.

Department of Printed Electronics Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea(Received July 21, 2014; Revised July 30, 2014; Accepted August 6, 2014)Abstract: Recently, LED lighting fixtures for crosswalk become popular in order to recognize the pedestrians at crosswalk, which can enhance the safety of the pedestrian at crosswalk. However, there are several problems related to the LED lighting fixtures for crosswalk, such as a lot of energy consumption due to a constant illumination during night and glaring of pedestrians at the opposite side of crosswalk. In this study, in order to overcome these problems, we have investigated a novel LED lighting fixture for crosswalk, which has two modules with different angles (60°, 120°). Illuminance of min and max at four-line city street crosswalk shown 50 Lux, 125 Lux, respectively. Illuminance of min and max at eight-line city street crosswalk shown 150 Lux, 200 Lux, respectively. Simulation investigation was optimized design using optical program. Prototype was verified measurement by goniometer system.Keywords: Crosswalk, Crosswalk light, Pedestrian, Light-emitting diodes, LED light, Light distribution

Glare is one of the most important factors threating expressway traffic safety an night. The most commonly way to prevent glaring night is to set anti-glare plate. Different from the straight sections of expressway, the relationship between the front light of vehicles and the distance of anti-glare plate on the horizontal curved section has some-what changed. Through a lot of tests and finite element simulation, the relationship between the distance of anti-glare plate, horizontal curve radius and anti-glare effect were analyzed systematically. Distance calculation formula of anti-glare plate in horizontal curve sections was revised in this paper. The anti-glare plate distance requirement under different expressway alignment design indexes and its calculation formula was proposed. The achievement was beneficial to confirm the anti-glare effect and improve traffic safety. It can provide us with a reference and a supplement of the specification.

Disability glare, or visual impairment due to extreme brightness or contrast, can be caused by intense reflections from new constructions onto existing transportation or building infrastructure located nearby. A case study analyzed a disability glare hazard at an airport created by the installation of a large array of photovoltaic panels between an air traffic control tower and the aircraft taxiway. The panels reflected blinding quantities of daylight into the control tower, produced temporary afterimages, and dangerously obscured taxiing aircraft. The existing FAA guidelines for installation of solar technologies are discussed relative to their shortcomings in identifying the glare hazard. High dynamic range photography was used to analyze the glaring situation at the airport. The authors proposed a maximum brightness threshold of 30,000 cd/m2 based on the physiology of human vision and the brightness of tasks necessary for air traffic controllers at the case study airport. Detailed reflectivity and three-dimensional models of the photovoltaic panels and the airport were created and validated against measured data. These models were used to perform an annual analysis of the glare hazard. This analysis is displayed temporally by graphs and spatially by images that indicate where the glaring reflections originate. Such information is useful in identifying potential for disability glare before new constructions are built. Finally, the authors used the new method to analyze designs for remediation of the glare hazard.

Artists using film and video today often confront us with moving images which test our perceptual capacities. Certain works by David Claerbout, Tacita Dean, and Anri Sala, for example, are dim, dazzling, shimmering, glaring, intense, dreamy, opaque, and abstract. What is more, in their obsession with stillness they also test our patience, our attentiveness, and our time.

There have been many research publications on the topic of optical network survivability where the networks is modeled as a graph with a given topology composed of nodes and links. Such modeling does not enable the consideration and optimization of the shape of cables. One glaring example is the 2006 Hengchun earthquake that occurred on December 26 near the south coast of Taiwan and caused catastrophic disruption to Internet services in many Asian countries. This catastrophe was caused as a result of damage to several undersea cables that were located all close to each other in an earthquake prone area. Clearly it makes sense for cables to avoid earthquake prone areas and if it is not possible, they should be kept away from each other in such areas to avoid simultaneous destruction of multitude of cables. Research conducted in 2005 in ETH, Switzerland, has shown that a week of Internet shutdown, in a country like Switzerland, will cost over 1% of its GDP.

In this paper, we report the results of an exploration study of the feasibility of using computer vision to conduct accurate color rating of sweet cherry in outdoor orchard environments. Pre-harvest color rating of cherry is important to growers in determining the optimal harvest time. Currently, the in-field rating relies heavily on the manual comparison between the color of cherry fruits and standard color charts, which is both labor intensive and subjective. It is not uncommon to have one or two grades of deviation. A computer vision-based color rating system was developed in an attempt to provide an automatic and objective way to achieve more consistent and accurate color ratings. This system successfully used a camera flash to reduce the effects of two major obstacles in outdoor color rating: (1) inconsistent ambient light; and (2) glaring reflections on cherry skin. To mimic the manual color rating practice that is widely accepted by sweet cherry growers today, a task-oriented image processing algorithm was developed to remove the glaring reflections and to classify the color of cherries into seven levels. Field tests showed that the overall accuracy of the rating exceeded 85% based on 660 samples from three field tests under natural, outdoor lighting conditions. The tests validated the feasibility of using a computer vision system to achieve accurate and objective color ratings of sweet cherry under outdoor natural light conditions for actual in-orchard use.

This study aims to investigate the effects of view content as related to landscape preference on the sensation of discomfort. The study began with an investigation of the effect of the presence of a view on discomfort glare. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory investigating real views with 32 students as subjects. Following this, the effects of four factors related to landscape preference were investigated: complexity, coherence, mystery, and legibility. This study was done in a laboratory using small projected images representing real scenes with 24 subjects. The last experiment aimed to see the effect of view complexity and mystery. This was carried out in a real school classroom using 32 Thai students as subjects. The result showed that there is an important effect from the presence of a view on discomfort glare. The findings also suggested several significant effects on the sensation of glare discomfort, for example, view mystery, and view complexity. Keywords: Discomfort glare; view; landscape preference; daylighting DOI: 10.4038/besl.v9i1-2.3064 Built - Environment - Sri Lanka - Vol. 09 - 10, Issue 01 - 02 : 2011 pp.45-55

There is little doubt that sport holds a prominent place within cities. Clearly the most glaring examples of sport's influence on the city are in relation to infrastructure. Facilities such as aren...

The paper explores how the uniform of a group of female cleaners appears to be more than an abstract object framed by the practical exegetics of work. The uniform is seen as acting as a material exercise of discretionary and disciplinary power of inscription, and as the paper shows, emerges as a mode by which the cleaners are homogenously objectified and plastically turned into ‘subjects’ (Foucault 1982). The paper shows too that while the single layered cleaners' uniform can be seen as disciplining the body and stripping down the complex multi-layers of their personality and attempting to naturalise their status as cleaners, the women's narratives reveal their attempts to destabilise this conscription, if only outside the spatial and organisational domain of the work space.

Purpose. Many parameters of visual performance (e.g., contrast sensitivity) are compromised under glaring light conditions. Recent data indicate that macular pigment (MP) is strongly related to improvements in glare disability and photostress recovery based on a filtering mechanism. In this study, we assessed the causality of this relation by supplementing lutein and zeaxanthin for 6 months while measuring MP, glare disability, and photostress recovery. Methods. Forty healthy subjects (mean age 23.9) participated in the study. Subjects were followed for 6 months and assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. Spatial density profiles of MP were measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Disability glare was measured using a 1 degree-diameter circular grating surrounded by a broadband glare source (a xenon-white annulus). The intensity of the annulus (11 degree inner and 12 degree outer diameters) was adjusted by the subject until the grating target was no longer seen. For the photostress recovery experiment, the time required to detect a 1 degree-diameter grating stimulus after a 5-s exposure to a 2.5 W/cm 2 , 5 degree-diameter disk was recorded. Subjects were tested under central viewing and eccentric viewing (10 degree temporal retina) conditions. Results. At the baseline time point, MP optical density (OD) at 30 eccentricity ranged from 0.08 to 1.04, and was strongly correlated with improved visual performance in the two glare tasks. After 6 months of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) supplementation, average MPOD (at 30 eccentricity) had increased from 0.41 to 0.57, and was shown to significantly reduce the deleterious effects of glare for both the visual performance tasks assessed. Conclusions. MP is strongly related to improvements in glare disability and photostress recovery in a manner strongly consistent with its spectral absorption and spatial profile. Four to 6 months of 12 mg daily L Z supplementation significantly increases MPOD and improves visual performance in glare for most subjects. (Optom Vis Sci 2008;85:82–88)

The most of the people using vehicles which have become the most important part in our life for transportation. In existing system the main snags are glaring effect accidents due to opposite vehicle headlight illumination at night driving. Second the short circuit fault in automotive wiring. Third is to perceive gas leakage fire accidents. Fourth faults due to increase in temperature on engine. Fifth higher sound in horn which cause disturbance in restricted surroundings. Sixth inaccurate fuel level monitoring in analog meter. Seventh accidents due to unequal wheel pressure. The proposed system has two modules Master and Slave they are communicating through CAN (Controller Area Network). The hardware has been developed in SMT (Surface Mount Technology) with SMD (Surface Mount Device) components and the hardware uses double layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design to optimize the space requirement and power consumption. The proposed system will be in cost effective safety system, reliability and hardware size will be small.

The main focus of this chapter will be error responses, but before you work on error responses you will side-step and fix your glaring database testing issue.

The four interrelated chapters of part II deal with the influence of climatic factors on the historic town structure. This chapter identifies factors such as solar radiation, glaring sun, and large diurnal temperature. Through centuries, people in similar climatic zones, in spite of differences in culture and society, have reached independently to similar solutions to similar climatic problems, although different in appearance, but similar in function and meaning. Sustainable climatic responsive urban form is considered as a creative process, changing, continuing, and renewing over time, a dynamic characteristic which can teach us lessons for the future.

The utility’s glaring ineptitude with crisis management was noted right from the start of the Fukushima disaster. How and why could TEPCO have kept repeating the same blunders over and over? (Asahi 31 July 2013)1

A pilot study for investigating the effect of six coated glazing materials on visual perception of the interior and of the view out in scaled rooms is presented. The study, which involved 18 subjects, is carried out in Hørsholm (Denmark, lat. 55.4°N), under overcast skies and a north orientation. The methodology involves subjective ratings using a questionnaire and seven grade bipolar scales. The results of the statistical analysis (ANOVA) show that despite significant amplitude in daylight transmittance (50%—79%), the glazing type did not have any statistically significant effect on the perception of the sharpness of shadows in the room. It is also found that higher transmittance glazing (77%—79%) resulted in views that are more glaring compared with the views obtained with the other glazing types. In terms of light level, the reference glazing (which contained an iron-free pane) results in statistically significant differences in the ratings (brighter room) compared with the ratings from all glazing types, including glazing types of similar transmittance. Finally, it is found that higher transmittance glazing types result in more positive ratings for factors, such as naturalness, beauty, and pleasantness and sharpness.