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30 results on '"Gladstone, R. M."'

1. Past and future polar amplification of climate change: climate model intercomparisons and ice-core constraints

Author

Masson-Delmotte, V., Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Charbit, S., Krinner, G., Ritz, C., Guilyardi, E., Jouzel, J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Crucifix, M., Gladstone, R. M., Hewitt, C. D., Kitoh, A., LeGrande, A. N., Marti, O., Merkel, U., Motoi, T., Ohgaito, R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W. R., Ross, I., Valdes, P. J., Vettoretti, G., Weber, S. L., Wolk, F., and Yu, Y.

Published
2006
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2. Marine ice sheet model performance depends on basal sliding physics and sub-shelf melting

Author

Gladstone, R. M., Warner, R. C., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Gagliardini, O., Zwinger, T., and Greve, R.

Abstract

Computer models are necessary for understanding and predicting marine ice sheet behaviour. However, there is uncertainty over implementation of physical processes at the ice base, both for grounded and floating glacial ice. Here we implement several sliding relations in a marine ice sheet flow-line model accounting for all stress components and demonstrate that model resolution requirements are strongly dependent on both the choice of basal sliding relation and the spatial distribution of ice shelf basal melting.Sliding relations that reduce the magnitude of the step change in basal drag from grounded ice to floating ice (where basal drag is set to zero) show reduced dependence on resolution compared to a commonly used relation, in which basal drag is purely a power law function of basal ice velocity. Sliding relations in which basal drag goes smoothly to zero as the grounding line is approached from inland (due to a physically motivated incorporation of effective pressure at the bed) provide further reduction in resolution dependence.A similar issue is found with the imposition of basal melt under the floating part of the ice shelf: melt parameterisations that reduce the abruptness of change in basal melting from grounded ice (where basal melt is set to zero) to floating ice provide improved convergence with resolution compared to parameterisations in which high melt occurs adjacent to the grounding line.Thus physical processes, such as sub-glacial outflow (which could cause high melt near the grounding line), impact on capability to simulate marine ice sheets. If there exists an abrupt change across the grounding line in either basal drag or basal melting, then high resolution will be required to solve the problem. However, the plausible combination of a physical dependency of basal drag on effective pressure, and the possibility of low ice shelf basal melt rates next to the grounding line, may mean that some marine ice sheet systems can be reliably simulated at a coarser resolution than currently thought necessary.

Published
2017

3. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author

Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D. G., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Bristol [Bristol], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., Université de Liège, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), University of Liege Belgium, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht ( IMAU ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
SHELF, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SURFACE MASS-BALANCE, Ice stream, FLOW, MODELS, Antarctic ice sheet, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Ice divide, BED, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, WEDDELL SEA SECTOR, RETREAT, lcsh:Geology, GROUNDING-LINE MIGRATION, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PINE ISLAND GLACIER, Ice sheet, SENSITIVITY, Geology
Abstract

We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present day observations, and evolves according to variation in meteoric ice accumulation, ice shelf melting, and mesh resolution. Future changes in accumulation and melt rates range from no change, through anomalies computed by atmosphere and ocean models driven by the E1 and A1B emissions scenarios, to spatially uniform melt rates anomalies that remove most of the ice shelves over a few centuries. We find that variation in the resulting ice dynamics is dominated by the choice of initial conditions, ice shelf melt rate and mesh resolution, although ice accumulation affects the net change in volume above flotation to a similar degree. Given sufficient melt rates, we compute grounding line retreat over hundreds of kilometers in every major ice stream, but the ocean models do not predict such melt rates outside of the Amundsen Sea Embayment until after 2100. Sensitivity to mesh resolution is spurious, and we find that sub-kilometer resolution is needed along most regions of the grounding line to avoid systematic under-estimates of the retreat rate, although resolution requirements are more stringent in some regions – for example the Amundsen Sea Embayment – than others – such as the Möller and Institute ice streams.

Published
2015

5. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D. G., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., and Vaughan, D. G.

Published
2015

6. Supplementary material to "Experimental design for three interrelated Marine Ice-Sheet and Ocean Model Intercomparison Projects"

Author

Asay-Davis, X. S., primary, Cornford, S. L., additional, Durand, G., additional, Galton-Fenzi, B. K., additional, Gladstone, R. M., additional, Gudmundsson, G. H., additional, Hattermann, T., additional, Holland, D. M., additional, Holland, D., additional, Holland, P. R., additional, Martin, D. F., additional, Mathiot, P., additional, Pattyn, F., additional, and Seroussi, H., additional

Published
2015
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7. Experimental design for three interrelated Marine Ice-Sheet and Ocean Model Intercomparison Projects

Author

Asay-Davis, X. S., primary, Cornford, S. L., additional, Durand, G., additional, Galton-Fenzi, B. K., additional, Gladstone, R. M., additional, Gudmundsson, G. H., additional, Hattermann, T., additional, Holland, D. M., additional, Holland, D., additional, Holland, P. R., additional, Martin, D. F., additional, Mathiot, P., additional, Pattyn, F., additional, and Seroussi, H., additional

Published
2015
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8. Supplementary material to "Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate"

Author

Cornford, S. L., primary, Martin, D. F., additional, Payne, A. J., additional, Ng, E. G., additional, Le Brocq, A. M., additional, Gladstone, R. M., additional, Edwards, T. L., additional, Shannon, S. R., additional, Agosta, C., additional, van den Broeke, M. R., additional, Hellmer, H. H., additional, Krinner, G., additional, Ligtenberg, S. R. M., additional, Timmermann, R., additional, and Vaughan, D. G., additional

Published
2015
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9. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author

Cornford, S. L., primary, Martin, D. F., additional, Payne, A. J., additional, Ng, E. G., additional, Le Brocq, A. M., additional, Gladstone, R. M., additional, Edwards, T. L., additional, Shannon, S. R., additional, Agosta, C., additional, van den Broeke, M. R., additional, Hellmer, H. H., additional, Krinner, G., additional, Ligtenberg, S. R. M., additional, Timmermann, R., additional, and Vaughan, D. G., additional

Published
2015
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10. Grounding line migration in an adaptive mesh ice sheet model

Author

Gladstone, R M, Lee, V, Vieli, Andreas, Payne, A J, and University of Zurich

Subjects
1104 Aquatic Science, 1901 Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 1904 Earth-Surface Processes, 1107 Forestry, 1911 Paleontology, 10122 Institute of Geography, 2312 Water Science and Technology, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, 1910 Oceanography, 1902 Atmospheric Science, 1906 Geochemistry and Petrology, 910 Geography & travel, 1908 Geophysics, 2303 Ecology, 1111 Soil Science
Published
2010

14. Past and future polar amplification of climate change: climate model intercomparisons and ice-core constraints

Author

Masson-Delmotte, V., primary, Kageyama, M., additional, Braconnot, P., additional, Charbit, S., additional, Krinner, G., additional, Ritz, C., additional, Guilyardi, E., additional, Jouzel, J., additional, Abe-Ouchi, A., additional, Crucifix, M., additional, Gladstone, R. M., additional, Hewitt, C. D., additional, Kitoh, A., additional, LeGrande, A. N., additional, Marti, O., additional, Merkel, U., additional, Motoi, T., additional, Ohgaito, R., additional, Otto-Bliesner, B., additional, Peltier, W. R., additional, Ross, I., additional, Valdes, P. J., additional, Vettoretti, G., additional, Weber, S. L., additional, Wolk, F., additional, and YU, Y., additional

Published
2005
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17. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author

Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D. G., Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., and Vaughan, D. G.

Abstract

We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, deploying sub-kilometer resolution around the grounding line since coarser resolution results in substantial underestimation of the response. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present-day observations, and evolves according to variation in meteoric ice accumulation rates and oceanic ice shelf melt rates. Future changes in accumulation and melt rates range from no change, through anomalies computed by atmosphere and ocean models driven by the E1 and A1B emissions scenarios, to spatially uniform melt rate anomalies that remove most of the ice shelves over a few centuries. We find that variation in the resulting ice dynamics is dominated by the choice of initial conditions and ice shelf melt rate and mesh resolution, although ice accumulation affects the net change in volume above flotation to a similar degree. Given sufficient melt rates, we compute grounding line retreat over hundreds of kilometers in every major ice stream, but the ocean models do not predict such melt rates outside of the Amundsen Sea Embayment until after 2100. Within the Amundsen Sea Embayment the largest single source of variability is the onset of sustained retreat in Thwaites Glacier, which can triple the rate of eustatic sea level rise.

18. Impact of model physics on estimating the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet

Author

Bougamont, M., Bamber, J. L., Ridley, J. F., Gladstone, R. M., Greuell, W., Hanna, E., Payne, A. J., Rutt, I., Bougamont, M., Bamber, J. L., Ridley, J. F., Gladstone, R. M., Greuell, W., Hanna, E., Payne, A. J., and Rutt, I.

Abstract

Long-term predictions of sea level rise from increased Greenland ice sheet melting have been derived using Positive Degree Day models only. It is, however, unknown precisely what uncertainties are associated with applying this simple surface melt parameterization for future climate. We compare the behavior of a Positive Degree Day and Energy Balance/ Snowpack model for estimating the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet under a warming climate. Both models were first tuned to give similar values for present-day mass balance using 10 years of ERA-40 climatology and were then run for 300 years, forced with the output of a GCM in which atmospheric CO2 increased to 4 times preindustrial levels. Results indicate that the Positive Degree Day model is more sensitive to climate warming than the Energy Balance model, generating annual runoff rates almost twice as large for a fixed ice sheet geometry. Roughly half of this difference was due to differences in the volume of melt generated and half was due to differences in refreezing rates in the snowpack. Our results indicate that the modeled snowpack properties evolve on a multidecadal timescale to changing climate, with a potentially large impact on the mass balance of the ice sheet; an evolution that was absent from the Positive Degree Day model. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.

19. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author

Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D. G., Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., and Vaughan, D. G.

Abstract

We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, deploying sub-kilometer resolution around the grounding line since coarser resolution results in substantial underestimation of the response. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present-day observations, and evolves according to variation in meteoric ice accumulation rates and oceanic ice shelf melt rates. Future changes in accumulation and melt rates range from no change, through anomalies computed by atmosphere and ocean models driven by the E1 and A1B emissions scenarios, to spatially uniform melt rate anomalies that remove most of the ice shelves over a few centuries. We find that variation in the resulting ice dynamics is dominated by the choice of initial conditions and ice shelf melt rate and mesh resolution, although ice accumulation affects the net change in volume above flotation to a similar degree. Given sufficient melt rates, we compute grounding line retreat over hundreds of kilometers in every major ice stream, but the ocean models do not predict such melt rates outside of the Amundsen Sea Embayment until after 2100. Within the Amundsen Sea Embayment the largest single source of variability is the onset of sustained retreat in Thwaites Glacier, which can triple the rate of eustatic sea level rise.

22. Arteriovenous fistula following brachial arterial puncture for cerebral angiography.

Author

Cooper PW and Gladstone RM

Subjects
Adult, Angiography, Arm blood supply, Arteriovenous Fistula diagnosis, Arteriovenous Fistula surgery, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Methods, Pneumoencephalography, Prednisone administration & dosage, Prednisone therapeutic use, Pseudotumor Cerebri diagnosis, Pseudotumor Cerebri drug therapy, Vision Disorders diagnosis, Arteriovenous Fistula etiology, Brachial Artery anatomy & histology, Brachial Artery diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Angiography adverse effects, Punctures adverse effects
Published
1974

24. Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in an adult.

Author

Gladstone RM and Russell NA

Subjects
Age Factors, Aged, Chloramphenicol therapeutic use, Female, Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification, Humans, Meningitis, Haemophilus cerebrospinal fluid, Meningitis, Haemophilus drug therapy, Otitis Media complications, Penicillins therapeutic use, Meningitis, Haemophilus diagnosis
Published
1969

26. Protein synthesis: the incorporation of L-leucine-1-C14OOH into bovine retina. II.

Author

Gladstone RM

Subjects
Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Carbon Isotopes, Cattle, Cold Temperature, Energy Transfer, Eye Proteins analysis, Glutathione pharmacology, Guanine Nucleotides metabolism, Histocytochemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Leucine analysis, Leucine metabolism, Magnesium Sulfate pharmacology, Microsomes analysis, Microsomes drug effects, Microsomes metabolism, Radiometry, Retina analysis, Retina drug effects, Ribosomes metabolism, Eye Proteins biosynthesis, Retina metabolism
Published
1969

27. Acute cerebellar ataxia and concomitant infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Author

Steele JC, Gladstone RM, Thanasophon S, and Fleming PC

Subjects
Acute Disease, Cerebrospinal Fluid microbiology, Child, Complement Fixation Tests, Female, Humans, Male, Mycoplasma isolation & purification, Mycoplasma Infections epidemiology, Ontario, Pharynx microbiology, Sputum microbiology, Cerebellar Ataxia etiology, Mycoplasma Infections complications
Published
1972
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29. Carotid circulation dye test.

Author

Morin JD, Forbath PG, Gladstone RM, and Callahan WP

Subjects
Angiography, Blood Circulation Time, Carotid Artery Diseases diagnosis, Carotid Artery Diseases physiopathology, Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology, Coloring Agents, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Blood Circulation physiology, Carotid Arteries physiology
Published
1968

30. Aspergillus keratomycosis.

Author

Gladstone RM

Subjects
Adult, Cornea, Humans, Male, Aspergillosis, Eye Diseases diagnosis, Eye Diseases therapy
Published
1969

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