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This article discusses media researchers’ understanding of the term “conflict,” what types of experience objects social scientists include in this category, and the possibility of categorization and theoretical understanding of these objects in the context of modern media research in Russia and abroad. Also discussed are the theoretical issues of the interaction between media and conflict, theory-based methodology of conflict research, and the types and key subjects of conflict, which have become the subjects of empirical research on scientific papers published in major media academic journals at home and abroad. In discussing the study’s empirical results, the necessity of cultivating ethical and moral values in the media, according to Habermas’s communicative behavior theory where he opposes the anti-values of conflict, was raised.

Media representation of ethnic minorities and communities is important in multicultural societies that reflect ethnic cultural diversity. Therefore, the role of ethnic news media becomes crucial to give voices to marginalized communities, especially in the digital age when their cultural practices, issues and concerns can reach faster beyond the national territories. With technological advancements, ethnic news media practices are also transforming. Ethnic journalists, like their colleagues from mainstream news media, now use integrated digital tools to produce and disseminate news. However, quite less is known about how technology-driven changes are reshaping the ethnic news media landscape, and if such developments have any implications to strengthen the communicative power and representation of ethnic communities in culturally pluralistic societies. This study hence reflects upon the cases of Pakistan and Russia. Informed by the framework of technological convergence and cultural discourse studies (CDS), this study investigates the key implications of technological convergence in Pakistan's and Russia's ethnic news media. Moreover, this study primarily uses the qualitative method of in-depth interviews (face-to-face and online) and offers an inductive thematic analysis of the qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]