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Standards have become widespread regulatory tools that are set to promote global trade, innovation, efficiency, and quality. They contribute significantly to the creation of safe, reliable, and high quality services and technologies to ensure human health, environmental protection, or information security. Yet intentional deviations from standards by organizations are often reported in many sectors, which can either contribute to or challenge the measures of safety and quality they are designed to safeguard.Why then, despite all potential consequences, do organizations choose to deviate from standards in one way or another? This book uses structuration theory - covering aspects of both structure and agency - to explore the organizational conditions and contradictions under which different types of deviance occur. It provides empirical explanations for deviance in organizations that go beyond an understanding of individual misbehaviour where mainly a single person is held responsible. Case studies of software-developing organizations illustrate insightful generalizations on standards as a mechanism of sensemaking, resource allocation, and sanctioning, and provide ground to re-think corporate responsibility when deviating from standards in the 'audit society'., Table of Contents1: Introduction to Deviance in a World of Standards, Andrea Fried and Besma GlaaPart I: Framing Organizational Deviance from Standards2: A Second Order Observation of Organizational Deviance, Andrea Fried and Arvind Singhal3: Structurationist Framework to Explore Organizational Deviance from Standards, Andrea Fried and Peter Walgenbach4: Investigating Organizational Deviance from Standards In-Depth, Sarah Langer, Ronny Gey, and Diana Karadzhova-Beyer Part II:Exploring Organizational Deviance From Standards In The Field, Sarah Langer and Andrea Fried5: Attentive Deviance from Standards at CraneSolutions, Ronny Gey, Sarah Langer, and Andrea Fried6: Over-Conformity with Standards at MedTech, Ronny Gey, Sarah Langer, and Andrea Fried7: Non-Regulated Deviance From Standards at MetroEngineers, Sarah Langer, Ronny Gey, Diana Karadzhova-Beyer, and Andrea FriedPart III: Explaining Organizational Deviance From Standards8: Typology of Organizational Deviance from Standards, Andrea Fried and Sarah Langer9: Monitoring of Standard Enactment for Exploration and Exploitation, Sarah Langer and Andrea Fried10: Understanding Deviance from Standards: Implications for Corporate Responsibility and Criminal Law, Andrea FriedAvailable from: 2020-02-18 Created: 2020-02-18 Last updated: 2020-02-18Bibliographically approved

Key takeaways 1. The research concerns what type of teams exist in service firms and what the literature has identified as their key characteristics. 2. This chapter reports on how the configuration of teams used for new service development (in this chapter referred to as “service teams”) affects the understanding of the customer value creation process. 3. The shift from products to services can be described as a change from value creation through the product’s efficiency alone to value co-creation through the product’s efficiency and effectiveness within the customer’s production process. A value driver that has a certain effect will over time lose this effect; to continue to co-create value, resources have to be com-mitted to activate new value drivers in the business relationship. 4. The chapter concerns service teams and is relevant for most types of firms. 5. Those interested in this chapter may also find Chapters 8 and 12 interesting

Purpose: Industrial services have traditionally been provided for free to support product sales. Nowadays, many manufacturers have built a profitable service business while others are struggling to improve their service profitability. Overall, most research focus on service infusion in the value proposition or servitization of the organization. Far less attention has been given to how firms start to charge for free services. The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of how manufacturers change the revenue model for individual services from free to fee. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was performed as a two-stage research project involving a multiple case study followed by an action research project. First, a multiple case study was performed in eight firms. Data was collected through interviews and workshops with the participating firms. Second, an action research study was performed with a manufacturer working with changing the revenue model for individual services from free to fee. Findings: The current study identified a process with three stages for shifting from service for free to service for fee. The first step is turning the service from a cost center to a profit center. The second step is to create service scenarios for a service business. The third step is to implement specific strategies to break free from free service. The present research identified three specific service scenarios and four strategies to break free from free service. Originality/Value: The change of business model has been an essential step in most models for service infusion and for the transition from service for free to service for fee. The present study expands on the process on a detailed level followed by manufacturers to turn individual services from free to service for fee.

Diusion of renewable energy technologies(RETs) is an important challengeof the current century. Much of the existing research has put a focus on understandingthe diusion of RETs through the perspective of systems of innovation. However, two recent studies highlight the importance of the actors in the process- those who adopt the RETs. With the current study we continue thisactor perspective by focusing on the adoption process as the driver of the massdiusion. We bring together the two streams of diusion of innovation and innovationintermediaries in a thesis that aims to show how comprehending thesingle adoption process and providing support to the adopters at every singlephase of it can facilitate diusion. Our focus is fully on public intermediaries. We show that public innovationintermediaries known in research for their support for the innovation systemhave an unexplored facet i.e. that of supporters at the adopter level. The thesiscontributes to previous literature showing that public intermediaries are thesupporters of adopters of RETs at the very beginning of the process which wascurrently unexplored. Moreover, we demonstrate that public intermediaries arepresent in the later phases of the adoption process as well being their impartialitya main advantage in comparison to private intermediaries. The study revealstwo key roles of public intermediaries in the pre-adoption phase of the processand four roles in the implementation phase. To complete the research we use qualitative methods and particularly groundedtheory methodology for data collection and analysis. Data is collected throughface-to-face long interviews with six public and/or non-prot intermediaries locatedin the Swedish county, Ostergotland. The study brings about the recognitionof public intermediaries as direct supporters of adopters of RETs in practice,oers ways of rethinking the existing policies in order to speed up diusion ofRETs and expands the arena for further research with focus on the inter

This paper presents a general approach to coordinate a divergent supply network with one supplier and some manufacturers. Our objective is to show that network coordination can be achieved without sharing the strategic information which can be considered as a risk for independent organizations. © 2014 IEEE.

Cutting the costs of healthcare services and improving the quality of care are the major goals of every healthcare system around the world. With the acceleration of globalization, healthcare services were not immune from these forces and were impacted by the explosion of healthcare outsourcing and off-shoring. In this paper, we will try to explore outsourcing and off-shoring healthcare services as a way of cutting costs and improving quality of care and we will analyze the cost effectiveness of healthcare intervention and compare its values between home country and outsourcing countries.

La prise en charge des urgences est l'une des missions principales des établissements de santé. Ces derniers, au travers de la structure d'urgence, ont du depuis les années 90, répondre à une demande exponentielle de soins non programmés, ce qui a posé le problème du dimensionnement de la structure et de ses moyens. Cette situation a provoqué des problèmes organisationels énormes. Face à cette situation, les décideurs hospitaliers manquent d'outils qui sont indispensables pour redimensionner les ressources humaines et matérielles et pour planifier la prise en charge des urgences. En réponse à ces besoins, cette thèse propose une démarche d'aide à la gestion des systèmes de prise en charge des urgences. Cette démarche aborde trois principaux problèmes. Dans un premier temps, nous nous focalisons sur la modélisation des processus de prise en charge des urgences et ses principales filières. Cette modélisation, couplée à la simulation de flux, nous permettra d'analyser le fonctionnement de la structure et de déterminer les paramètres influents la prise en charge des urgences. Nous nous intéressons, dans un second temps, à l'affectation des personnels infirmiers en tenant compte de leur profil de compétence à l'aide de la programmation linéaire. Enfin, nous étudierons le problème de prise en charge des urgences vitales intrahospitalières. A l'aide d'une modélisation réunie avec une simulation, nous procédons à une démarche de conception et d'évaluation de la chaine de survie intrahospitalière. Nous abordons, dans cette dernière étape, la question de d'affectation de l'équipe mobile de réanimation d'urgence ainsi que …

The emergency department in a hospital, as its name implies, is a facility to be utilized by those who require emergency medical care. This paper introduces the longitudinal organization of the patient handling called "emergency path" and it discusses the application of the company modelling methods especially the GRAI methodology in the emergency department. The goal is to optimize these paths and to improve the quality of the patient handling while mastering the costs. The development of this model was based on the ED and three geriatrics, neurology and traumatology services. Simulation was used in this paper to assess the effects of some changes at the ED of the Medical Center of Valenciennes in France. Our survey is integrated into the regional project whose theme are the emergency paths that have just been created at the ED of Valenciennes Hospital center and will contribute to the ED service project achievement.