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Since a decade, we observe an expansion of the use of testosterone against different components of the metabolic syndrome in men. More particularly in the obese man, indications for the prescription of this hormone are not well defined because of the contradictory studies which do not allow the establishment of a clear consensus. This article proposes a diagnostic procedure for the detection of hypogonadism in obese men. It clarifies the indications of use of testosterone in this particular context but also the circumstances in which the specialist should be consulted., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Ideally, our clinical practices and decisions should be based on evidence derived from randomized clinical trials. Yet, we often have to determine the potential side effects (including interactions) of drugs that we prescribed using other level of evidence; clinical trials being obviously not appropriate for such situations. Results from observational studies published in 2016 should be of interest to primary care physicians. In this review, we present six of them. Once the limitations of these non-interventional studies acknowledged, primary care physicians should consider these results and be particularly attentive when prescribing these drugs., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

For biological and social reasons, men have to face pressure and incentives towards competivity, performance and risk seeking behaviours. These put them at risk for substance use, abuse and dependence, also in a recreational context, to improve their performances. Men's substance use is therefore significantly higher compared to women (2/3 of the global prevalence). The purpose of this paper is a description of gender differences in substance use and advice to provide state of the art screening and care of male patients. Recommendations for a « men-friendly » consultation include : provide a space where men feel comfortable ; if possible, give the choice between a male or a female practitioner ; use other communication media then language only ; discuss and put in perspective the traditional male image ; and collaborate with the patient., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.