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Due to climate change, some areas in the world witnessed higher levels of heavy rain than the capacity of the wastewater system of the streets. Therefore, water tankers are used for the dewatering process to take the extra rainwater from the streets to keep a smooth flow of vehicles and to use the water in agriculture and industry. Water is taken to a water treatment plant. Performing the dewatering process as fast as possible, especially in crowded streets, was ignored by researchers. In this study, at first, the problem was solved using two mixed integer programming (MIP) models. A new variant of identical parallel machine scheduling with job splitting is proposed for the first time, where one or at most two tankers can work at the same flood location at the same time. This is performed in the second model. However, the first model considers dividing the dewatering processes into two phases, where the first one, which is more urgent, is to reduce the amount of floodwater. The second one is for dewatering the rest of the water. Then two genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to solve faster the two MIP models, which are NP-hard problems. At first, the MIP and GA models were applied to small-sized problems. Then GA was used for large practical data sets. Results showed that for small problems, MIP and GA gave optimal solutions in a reasonable number of iterations, while for larger problems, good solutions were obtained in a reasonable number of iterations.

Today’s production trends are directed towards the production of personalized products. On the one hand, customers are often faced with dilemmas regarding product characteristics and sometimes find it difficult to make decisions, on the other hand, manufacturers are faced with difficulties in understanding the wishes and needs of customers and translating them into product characteristics. This paper presents the selection of appropriate mobile cobot stand for Learning factory purposes at the University of Split. Mobile cobots play a significant role in the Learning factory environment, especially for assembly tasks where collaborate with humans. A mobile stand is necessary for the cobot, so it can move between stations and come closer to the station for performing tasks. Two different multi-criteria decision-making methods were used for the selection of the stand. The comparison of results obtained from two different methods has been made and the appropriate mobile cobot stand has been selected.

Industry 4.0 nowadays has a significant influence on manufacturing, thus making numerous changes in three important segments: people, organization and technology. Many national industrial strategies offer roadmaps for moving towards Industry 4.0.To better cope with changes, it is necessary to analyze the current state of the Croatian manufacturing industry regarding Industry 4.0, from the aspect of mentioned segments. Due to the clarity and ease of conducting interviews, the analysis of the research is divided according to the four 4 different geographical areas in Croatia. The research is based on the questionnaires and interviews prepared to identify the maturity level according to Industry 4.0 in segments of people, organization and technology for each area in Croatia. Considering the data gathered from indepth studies of factoriesand the results of analysis regarding maturity levels for each segment, the steps to move towards Industry 4.0 are presented as an important outcome of this research.

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) within the manufacturing processes has become a growing need across the manufacturing industries. This paper explores one such opportunity within the developed assembly line of the small vehicle for children called karet. The time necessary to do the assembly tasks is analysed to further optimize the assembly process. The aim is to create the human-robot collaboration system for assembly of the drive module and the base plate of the product. When selecting assembly operations, especially with a robotic arm, attention is paid to the limitations of the system and the challenges posed by existing operating conditions. By setting up three variants of operations, waiting times, parallel activities and functional delays are analysed. It is concluded that the third variant of the assembly process gives the shortest duration.

The collaborative robots (cobots) are one of the drivers of Industry 4.0, because they allow the automation and semi-automation of the process, yet allowing the flexibility of the production plan. The main area of cobots’ application are the assembly processes. For safety reasons, the assembly process is the most common process in the Learning Factory concept. Therefore, integration of cobot workstation in the Learning Factory assembly process is crucial to demonstrate modern aspects of the assembly, and manufacturing, as well. However, it is not an easy task, since proper design for cobot workstation must be selected to allow flexibility and reconfiguration of the Learning Factory. In this research, a multi-criteria analysis approach is used to select optimal design of the cobot workstation for application in the Learning Factory. The aim was to select the mobile and flexible workstation for cobot Franka Emika that will satisfy educational and research needs of the Lean Learning Factory at University of Split. Two different multi-criteria analysis methods were used for evaluation and ranking of alternatives: SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). The comparison of the methods is presented and selection of the optimal design of the cobot workstation has been made. In the near future, selected workstation will be manufactured, assembled and used in the Learning Factory’s everyday activities.

Today, industries need processes that rapidly meet customer needs and preferences. The assembly process is a breaking point that brings many challenges especially when a customer decides about the configuration of the product. This causes a high variety of information in the system and its uncertainty. Since complexity caused by personalized products affects assembly performances, research in recent years has focused on approaches to complexity measurement, such as information theory, axiomatic design and heuristic approaches. This paper illustrates the example of the application of the complexity measurement on the assembly process for personalized products. There is a discussion on the link between complexity measurement and process performances and the role of complexity measurement for managing processes. The research on complexity measurement had made it possible to detect the maximum complexity on the workstation to make changes if necessary. The importance of new technologies that enable the application of complexity measurement in the real industrial environment is emphasized.

Reverse engineering is a process of analyzing existing components to obtain enough data to replicate design or knowledge of those parts. Data obtained during reverse engineering can be used to lower production costs, improve component properties, or replace components. In this paper reverse engineering was used to obtain information from wooden model of the motorcycle brake caliper brackets to redesign and improve that component of the motorcycle. First step of the process was to 3D scan the wooden model. Then scan was transferred to CATIA design software for redesign. From there all precise dimensions were defined and final improved models could be 3D printed. Using reverse engineering process on this component allowed us to manufacture new brake caliper brackets so that larger brake discs could be installed thus improving braking power of the motorcycle. In this way original front forks and brake calipers could be used thus eliminating need of upgrading those components and lowering overall cost of the process.

From the very beginning, Industry 4.0 was seen as evolution, more than revolution. So, there is nothing strange about first drafts of Industry 5.0, which are published about 10 years after the first draft of Industry 4.0. Very significant is the European Commission’s document about Industry 5.0 which promotes sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. The European draft of Industry 5.0 is very much affected by the COVID-19 crisis. It is one of the reasons why human-centric aspect is much more important in the Industry 5.0 than in Industry 4.0. However, there are many open questions and challenges how to implement all these ideas about sustainability, human-centricity and resilience. On the other hand, there is a 40- year-old proven methodology for organization and process improvements based on the human- centric approach – the Lean management. The Lean is based on philosophy of the worker’s engagement in process improvement, therefore it seems to be suitable philosophy for human- centricity of Industry 5.0. Particularly for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) which are always struggling to adopt new industrial concepts. In this paper, the key success factors for Lean implementation into SME are selected based on the review of large number of studies, analyses and reviews. These factors are then put in the context of Industry 5.0 to explore the possibilities of Lean managements as an enabler of Industry 5.0.

During the development period of a new product, this methodology is very important because of the consequences that can affect cost and quality. Simulation helps to visualize how will the new product “behave” in its environment under the influence of different environmental factors. The step where it is necessary to choose the optimal design of that product represents the step of decision-making. This step means that the decision-maker identifies and selects an alternative from the set of alternatives (new product variants) based on his own preferences. In this research, the methodology is developed in order to reduce the number of experiments and to choose the best solution for product design.

The Lean Learning Factory concept represents the realization of lean principles through the efficient application of method and tools in order to detect and reduce losses in production and service processes. The DEPROCIM project, so as its main goals, achieved results and further development steps inside Learning Factory in FESB were presented.

Na seminaru Pametna proizvodnja 2018 prezentirani su rezultati četverogodišnjih istraživanja na projektu Inovativno pamteno poduzeće koje je financirala HRZZ.

Ova izvještaj nastao je kao rezultat znanstvenih istraživanja na projektu Razvoj inovativnog pametnog poduzeća (Innovative Smart Enterprise – INSENT) - 1353, koje je financirala Hrvatska zaklada za znanost HRZZ. Projekt je započeo 01. rujna 2014. godine, a završava 31. kolovoza 2018. godine. Prvo poglavlje sadržo izvješće nakon 1. godine projekta, 2. poglavlje je rezultat istraživanja u drugoj i trećoj godini, a 3. poglavlje sadrži rezultate četvrte godine.

The Lean Learning Factory is used for thee ducation of industry employees and students in the environment similar to the real factory shop floor. The education process has to be adapted to the increasing variability and changeability due to demands for personalized products in practice. By applying a concept of integrative procedure for management of production and service improvement process on the didactic lean game, it is decided which concept will be developed that will assist trainers during a simulation run. The simulation manual data gathering process and the simulation run results presentation require a large effort of the educator. This disadvantage is even more emphasized if slightly different or personalized products is to be assembled in one moment during the simulation run. The main aim of this research is the application of the developed decision support system within a defined procedure for the selection of the optimal improvement variant. It is based on the multi- criteria decision-making with the help of the HUMANT algorithm and Web application user- friendly interface for defining decision-makers preferences. The system is presented and tested. The decision has been presented. It is decided to use an application of Industry 4.0 concept related equipment, RFID readers and tags for real-time data gathering and automated analyzing and preparation of the gathered data for presentation.

Recent advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), together with concept of Cyber-Psychical System (CPS) that enables the concept Industry 4.0, forced manufacturers even more to adapt their production flexibility to turbulent global market. Production in high- volume batches is replaced with high-mix/low- volume production, which demands excessive information flow throughout production facilities. Following balancing process of an assembly line reported in this article, a concept for industry 4.0 elements implementation in order to establish cognitive assembly line is presented. This paper deals with the process mapping, balancing the assembly line, and defining basic Industry 4.0 elements towards assembly line for product variety.

U okviru workshopa između Ruhr-Universität Bochum i FESB, suradnici na INSENT projektu su prezentirali rezultate istraživanja. Jedno od njih je bilo o razvoju modela Inovativnog pametnog poduzeća.

The Learning Factory’s mission is to integrate those needed knowledge into the engineering curriculum. Therefore, Learning Factory at FESB (University of Split) is in continuous development and improvement process to support practice-based engineering curriculum with possibility of learning necessary tools and methods, using real life and didactical equipment. In this research a concept of Triple helix model connected via Learning Factory concept is presented. Learning Factory could be place where University, Industry and Government meet each other, share needs and expectations, and work on collaborative projects. It could be a solution of a missing link in Triple helix model. Learning Factory at FESB, based on a didactical concept emphasizing experimental and problem-based learning using tools and methods from Lean management, Digital Factory and Industry 4.0.

Ovo je projektni izvještaj za Radni paket 2 (RP 2): „HR-Innovative Smart Enterprise (HR-ISE) model Hrvatski model inovativnog pametnog poduzeća“ Značajke razvijenog modela su: - Sinkronizacija poslovnih procesa prema kupcima (CRM), smanjenje svih vrsta rasipanja (Toyotinih 8 rasipanja – waste) i osiguranje kontinuiranog poboljšanja (Hoshin Kanri i kaizen) u cilju postizanja održivog razvoja, - HR-ISE model služi za osiguranje postojećeg i porast konkurentnosti poduzeća na domaćem i svjetskom tržištu, - Osiguranje kontinuirane promjene mentaliteta osoblja na svim organizacijskim razinama.

The Learning Factory concept presents simulation of a real factory environment through specialized equipment. Mission is to integrate needed knowledge into the engineering curriculum by using of didactic games and production lines which presents simplified real processes from industry. In this paper, design optimization of low cost and low quality equipment for Learning Factory is presented. Using guidelines for Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), four different designs of chassis for assembly line feeder are evaluated using PROMETHEE method. For steel chassis, total weight and costs of parts for given load has to be minimized in order to minimize total costs. On the other hand easiness of machining and assembly is also taken in consideration. Subsequent consideration used redesigns of selected design according Taguchi design of experiments. According Finite Element Analysis (FEM) results for estimated loads, the lightest chassis is selected in compromise to minimization of maximal deformation.

Upravljanje zalihama je bitno u maloprodaji da bi imali djelotvorne i učinkovite procese opskrbnog lanca. Ovi procesi uključuju predviđanje, nadopunjavanje zaliha, naručivanje i učinkovito korištenje informacija sa zaliha. Točnost skladišta je ključni problem za previdjeti. U ovom radu bit će opisana primjena informacijskih tehnologija u logistici na primjeru inteligentnog montažnog sustava (IMS-a). Zadatak je projektirati „Inventory control sustav“ koji će se koristiti za upravljanje lean skladištem (samoposlugom) za potrebe IMS-a. U radu je opisana primjena informacijskih tehnologija u procesu logistike, s naglaskom na upravljanje procesa skladištenja korištenjem Internet of Things tehnologija. Zatim je pojašnjen koncept lean samoposluge te način prikupljanja i obrade podataka u inteligentnoj tvornici. U završnom dijelu je predstavljen koncept samoposluge i problem u skladištu na FESB-u te prijedlog rješavanja istog koristeći informacijske sustave.

This paper deals with detailed analysis of manufacturing industry using Case study of Croatian manufacturing industry. Since, analysis showed that Croatian manufacturing enterprises are far away from fourth industrial generation, an importance of personnel’s education, i.e. lifelong learning is identified. For that purpose, Learning Factory has been established on Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB) at University of Split. For lifelong learning activities, a specialized educational platform, developed in EU Leonardo da Vinci project LOPEC, is used. In this paper, lifelong learning concept based on e-learning platform and self-assessment module of project LOPEC has been presented.

Due to financial crisis and rapid development of technology was created high level of turbulence at market, which making big problems everyday in business, to companies. Losing of control of any of this type of problems should lead to sudden fall of companies business performances or even to sudden downfall, while on the other side good control and management of this problems made by market turbulence, would result with sudden increase of company performances and with holding on dominant position on market. One of potential problems of this type or possibility, it depends of point of view is supply chain. Every try for precisely and comprehensive defining or describing of supply chain is fall from start, because it’s an complex, inter and multi disciplinary process, which in today's conditions demands maximal flexibility. According to this, to understanding of Supply chain should be accessed essentially through key, indispensable elements from which are supply chain is made of in basic. And this are: human as basic element, then organization and technology. Similar approach is noticed at Lean supply chain (LSC), so in this paper will be also overviewed Lean approach to supply chains and to business, and it will be made comparison between LSC approach and Key elements approach to supply chains. Also through example will be shown model of supply chain based on identification of problems of supply chain through key elements.

The first three industrial revolutions came about as a result of mechanization, electricity and IT. Therefore, the introduction of the Internet of Things and Services into the manufacturing environment is starting a fourth industrial revolution: Industry 4.0. This new type of industry is based on the Smart Factory model. Smart Factories allow individual customer requirements to be met and mean that even one-off items can be manufactured profitably. In Industry 4.0, dynamic business and engineering processes enable last-minute changes to production and deliver the ability to respond flexibly. However, the question is how much of this is close to the reality, or, on the other hand, how far away are enterprises from this new industrial platform? The Project Innovative Smart Enterprise wants to improve the scientific understanding of an average Croatian manufacturing enterprise, by promoting empirical, enterprise-level research on technological and non-technological process and organizational innovation. It will help develop a regional model of innovative smart enterprise based, not just on the State-of-the-art theoretical models, but also on the State-of-the- art practical models like the Lean Management philosophy from the Toyota Production System. Special efforts will be made to bridge the cultural and mentality gap between Croatian and EU manufacturing enterprises. In order to enable the development of the Croatian model of Innovative Smart Enterprise, it was mandatory to analyse the current state of the Croatian manufacturing industry. For the evaluation of the industrial maturity level a questionnaire covering nine different aspects was designed (for instance: design, technology, manufacturing, quality assurance, etc). The research was made using Web questionnaires and interviews with CEOs and/or technical directors of manufacturing enterprises. The analysis to describe the current state of the Croatian manufacturing enterprise was based on the responses of 161 enterprises and interviews with 28 CEO from Croatia. A synthesis of this research has been made and some suggestions for finding a path toward Industry 4.0 are given.

U radu je predstavljen koncept Learning Factory (Tvornice koja uči), te Lean Learning Factory koji se razvija na Sveučilištu u Splitu (FESB-u). Razvoje je potpomognut istraživanjem i sredstvima projekta INSENT.

Cilj Radnog paketa 1 bio je dati analizu postojećeg stanja hrvatskih industrijskih poduzeća. Ova analiza je temeljena na odgovorima na upitnik koji je dobiven od 161 hrvatskih industrijskih poduzeća, te posjetima i razgovorima s managementom u 28 poduzeća. Analiza je pokazala da se hrvatska industrijska poduzeća nalaze na razini Industrije 2.15, što predstavlja veliku razliku u odnosu na njemački model Industrije 4.0 (Slika 25). Pri tome je zaključeno da se model Industrije 4.0 ne može direktno preslikati na hrvatsku industriju. Nadalje, detaljnom analizom odabranih poduzeća zaključeno je da da su poduzeća svjesna da svoje osnovne slabosti: zaposlenici ne mogu pratiti napredak tehnike i organizacije, te za njima zaostaju čak i više nego što to analizirana poduzeća smatraju. No, s druge strane, uzimajući u obzir da su rijetka poduzeća čiji zaposlenici provedu više od 5 dana godišnje na usavršavanju, te da 95% poduzeća nema sustavno riješenu prekvalifikaciju zaposlenika, može se zaključiti da poduzeća trenutno nedovoljno rade na usavršavanju i napretku svojih zaposlenika. Na temelju gornjih postavki može se zaključiti da je potrebno razviti originalni hrvatski model pametnog poduzeća, što je i cilj ovog projekta, koji bi se trebao realizirati kroz istraživanja ovog tima u naredne tri godine.

Production of small cylindrical parts from electrical conductive materials, which are difficult to machine by a conventional cutting method can be achieved with Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning process (CWEDT). The main application disadvantage of CWEDT process is amount of time necessary for part production in comparison to conventional machining. Therefore large majority of the CWEDT process research deals with identifying the highest process factor levels to increase material removal rate (MRR). Experimental procedure and observations for determining research solution field is shown. The process parameters levels are determined which value change can improve stability of process. Early detection of process irregularity is done by electric pulse monitoring. Conclusion has been made about role of machine servo feed on process stability, together with influence of process parameters on irregularity phenomena.

Istraživanje projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost „Inovativno pametno poduzeće (Innovative Smart Enterprise – INSENT)“ želi unaprijediti znanstveno razumijevanje postojećeg stanja hrvatske prerađivačke industrije pomoću empirijskih istraživanja na razini poduzeća. Istraživanja o tehnološki i ne-tehnološkim procesima, te inovativnosti unutar organizacije i zaposlenika. Cilj istraživanja je razumjeti na koji način industrijska poduzeća u Hrvatskoj usvajaju nove tehnologije, integriraju informacijsko- komunikacijsku tehnologiju u procese, implementiraju nove organizacijske koncepte, razvijaju novi proizvod, a sve to u svrhu usporedbe s najnovijom industrijskom platformom: Industrija 4.0. U istraživanju su korišteni upitnici postavljeni na Internet, te intervjui s menadžerima i/ili tehničkim direktorima proizvodnih poduzeća u Hrvatskoj. Cilj je bio prikupiti što je više moguće podataka, od što većeg broja poduzeća. U konačnici, analiza i zaključci o postojećem stanju hrvatske prerađivačke industrije utemeljena je na odgovorima 161 poduzeća.

Prestavljeni su rezultati EU Leonardo da Vinci projekta "LOPEC - Logistics personnel excellence by continuous self-assessment". Prikazan je plan implementacije metoda razvijenih u projektu u Learning Factory koji se razvija u Laboratoriju za industrijsko inženjerstvo na FESB-u. Na taj način povezalo bi se rezultate EU projekta LOPEC s HRZZ projektom INSENT.

The introduction of the Internet of Things and Services into the manufacturing environment is ushering in a fourth industrial revolution: Industry 4.0. This new type of industry is based on Smart Factory model or Smart Enterprise. The main features of Smart Enterprise can be summarized into the following: smart personalized product, product and service provider and high level of collaboration. This paper presents the state of the art overview on today’s manufacturing technology and organization trends. Also, the main objectives of project “Innovative Smart Enterprise (INSENT)”, that is specialized product configurator which will be developed for Mass Customization principle is shown.

In a knowledge society where demands for skills, competencies and knowledge constantly increase and change, lifelong learning is a key strategy to adjust people’s performance capabilities to new requirements and guarantee employability in the world of work. LOPEC aims in developing and offering special - tailored training for Lean Logistics and required basic skills for skilled workers on shop floor level. Needed know-how for today’s challenges in logistics will be transferred. Thus, LOPEC is aiming at people enhancement as entry ticket to lifelong continuous learning by increasing the maturity level of personal logistic excellence. A common European view for “Logistics personal excellence” for skilled workers will ensure that the final product is an open product, using international, pan European validated standards. As results LOPEC will provide training modules for post-secondary education in the area of Lean Logistics, required basics skills and offers transparency of personal excellence, regarding the personal maturity level of hard and soft skills at any time. Furthermore, two case studies of LOPEC Pilot-implementation in Croatian companiesare presented in this paper.

The strength of the European economy are Small and Medium-sized industrial Enterprises (SMEs). However, the global economic crisis has compromised their normal business flow. The solution is often seen in their mutual networking in highly flexible Virtual Enterprises. Thus, this paper deals with the Virtual Enterprise formation process. In that process it is necessary to determine which enterprise to choose, with what characteristics and according to which criteria. It is obvious that the Virtual Enterprise formation process requires the use of multi-criteria decision-making, i.e. use of methods for multi-criteria analysis and decision-making, methods like PROMETHEE method.

Huge competition and continuously changing globalized market demands require constant change and improvements of company’s business. The philosophy of Lean production offers a wide variety of advantages for production system improvements. Lean production concept is understood as the realization of Lean principle through the efficient application of methods and tools, with faster and more effective discovering of wastes and mistakes in the production systems. This article contains a presentation of modified Lean tool, Value Stream Mapping, application, on power transmission casings production. Designed future state according Lean principles showed improvement opportunities and lead time reduction despite high product mix.