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The study aims to investigate the effect of parabiosis method on endothelial dysfunction in naturally aging mice and determine the time projections for predicted improvement in the mentioned target group.The balb/c mice were separated into six groups, these being; isochronic old, heterochronic old (HP-O), isochronic young, heterochronic young, young control, and old control. After parabiosis protocol, animals were sacrificed at the third, fifth, seventh, and ninth weeks, and their thoracic aortas were isolated. The vasodilatation and vasoconstriction responses of the vessels were detected using potassium chloride and phenylephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside.Aging had a significant decreasing effect on maximum ACh relaxation responses (P 0.01). However, in the HP-O group, the maximum ACh relaxation response in the third week was significantly lower (P 0.05), but this effect disappeared in the ninth week. Maximum phenylephrine contraction responses were lower in the heterochronic parabiosis group (P 0.05).ACh responses increased at the end of the ninth week in the HP-O group, therefore, the parabiosis model may have an improving effect on endothelial dysfunction seen in aging.

SUMMARY: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and Inhibin B (INHB) in the glycoprotein structure are members of the transforming growth factor β family and expressed by granulosa cells from puberty. AMH is a factor that increases the life span of small developing follicles. For this reason, it is widely used to determine the ovarian reserve and age. Inhibin-B secreted from granulosa cells plays a role in regulation of the Follicle Stimulating Factor (FSH) and determination of the follicle diameter. There are few studies on the effect of these two age-related hormones on ovarian histology in rats. In this study, AMH and INHB expression in ovarian tissues of female rats of different age groups, their relationship with ovarian structure and folliculogenesis were examined histologically and biochemically. Wistar Albino rats were used in the study and a total of 3 groups were formed. The ovaries of rats in the pre-oestrous period were collected, and follicle count was performed on tissue sections in batches. Expression of AMH in the follicles was identified immunohistochemically. In serum, AMH and INHB levels were assessed by ELISA method and their significance was evaluated statistically. Results from light microscopic examination determined that AMH was expressed from the granulosa cells of developing follicles. INHB expression during the prepubertal period and AMH had a protective effect on the ovarian reserve and the number of developing follicles, respectively.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Protocatechuic acid and Corchorus olitorius on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat testis tissue. Randomly selected Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups as; Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus treated with Corchorus Olitorus (STZ+CO), Diabetes Mellitus treated with Protacatechuic acid (STZ+PCA), Corchorus olitorius (CO), Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and Control. Diabetic model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg Streptozotosin. After 48 hours of the STZ injection, blood samples were collected from tail vein in order to measure blood glycose levels. Over 250 mg/dL accepted as diabetic subjets and fed with 250 mg/kg Corchorus olitorius or 20 mg/kg PCA by oral gavage for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, right testes were removed and fixed in 10 % neutral formaldehyde for paraffine embedding. Sections were stained by HE, Masson trichrome, PAS and TUNEL for microscopic evaluation. Control, PCA-only and Corchorus olitorius-only treated group testes tissues showed a normal tissue organization, when degeneration in seminiferous tubules, the vacuolization, seperations in spermatogenic cell series, outpouring of cell groups in the lumen, vesicular body formation, liquid accumulation in the interstitial region and edema were observed in STZ induced diabetic models and untreated groups. Besides, higher amount of TUNEL (+) stained cells were determined in STZ group. On the other hand, blood glucose level and number of TUNEL (+) stained cells were decreased as a result of PCA and Corchorus olitorius treatment. Because of the reduction of blood glucose level and apoptotic cell numbers, PCA and Corchorus olitorius decreace the complications of diabetes mellitus induced rat testis., Near East University Scientific Research Project, North Cyprus

WOS:000435474400002 PubMed: 29924211 Purpose: To evaluate the clinical stenosis or precursor histological changes that ureteral access sheaths commonly used in ureteroscopic surgeries may cause in the long term in ureter. Methods: In this study, the animals were divided into 9 groups and according to their groups, ureters of the rabbits were endoscopically fitted with 2F and 3F ureter catheters. The catheters were left in place and withdrawn after a specified period of time. All the ureters were excised and evaluated macroscopically, microscopically and histologically. Ureter diameters were measured and FGF-2 (+) labeled fibroblasts were counted in connective tissue as stenosis precursors. Results: Macroscopically or microscopically, no stenosis was found in any group. The ureter diameter of the group that were catheterized for the longest time with the catheter that had the widest diameter was significantly lower than the group with the shorter duration and the catheter with the narrower diameter and the control group. When the groups were compared in terms of their FGF values, there was a significant difference in FGF-2 counts at all three ureter levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of ureteral access sheath may lead to histological changes, as its diameter and duration increase.

Following an injury or resection, the mammalian liver has the capacity to regain its former volume and functioning by restoring itself. Studies have demonstrated that antioxidants play a role in hepatic regeneration. This study investigated the effect of 4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl) phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PG) obtained from Origanum micranthum on liver regeneration. Sixty Wistar Albino rats were used. In the sham-operated group, a midline abdominal laparotomy was performed without hepatectomy. In the partial hepatectomy (PHx) group, the median and left lateral lobes were removed. Rats in the PHx group received 20 mg/kg/day PG intraperitoneally before being sacrificed at 24, 48, and 72 hrs, and 7 days later. Liver tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopic evaluation. We found an increase in mitotic index, and the numbers of Ki-67 stained hepatocytes in all PHx early stage groups (24 hr, 48hr, 72 hr), but not in 7-day groups. The regeneration mediators eNOS, iNOS, TNF-α and NF-κB were shown to increase in PHx groups. This increase was more prominent dependening on time. In the PHx treatment (PHx+PG) groups, while eNOS was still high, iNOS, TNF-α and NF-κB had decreased. The apoptotic index was markedly high in the PHx groups; this was prevented by PG treatment. These findings were supported by the ultrastructural results. Our findings indicate that PG supports liver regeneration, hepatocyte proliferation, reduced liver damage, and inflammatory mediators following PHx.

Obesity, as a global health issue, is a complex metabolic syndrome and its association with many chronic diseases. The pathology of obesity results from an interaction of psychological, environmental and variety of genetic factors. Etiologic determinants and molecular pathophysiology of obesity have not yet understood clearly. Previously shown that genetic markers have a significant role in the development of obesity, although results are divergent with populations. Turkish Cypriots have a unique mixture of allele distributions as being a small-islander population. Therefore, the current study was aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and three putative obesity-related ADIPOQ, FTO and ACE gene markers, respectively. We investigated a possible association of ADIPOQ rs2241766 G>T, FTO rs9939609 A>T and ACE rs4340288 DIP variants among obese and non-obese Turkish Cypriot origin. Additionally, the correlation between these variants and biochemical and physical measurements were also evaluated to determine the possible biomarker for obesity in the population. Only FTO rs9939609 A>T polymorphism was associated with obesity and no association was observed with ADIPOQ rs2441666 G>T and ACE rs4340288 DIP. To conclude, FTO rs9939609 A allele found to have strong association with obesity in the population of Turkish Cypriots.

This work was supported by Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Fund [Grant number: 2016.08.02.1060]., The exact mechanism of migraine pathophysiology still remains unclear due to the complex nature of migraine pain. Salmon calcitonin (SC) exhibits antinociceptive effects in the treatment of various pain conditions. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin on migrane pain using glyceryltrinitrate (GTN)-induced model of migraine and ex vivo meningeal preparations in rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered saline, GTN (10mg/kg), vehicle, saline+GTN, SC (50g/kg)+GTN, and SC alone. Also, ex vivo meningeal preparations were applied topically 100mol/L GTN, 50mol/L SC, and SC+GTN. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contents of plasma, trigeminal neurons and superfusates were measured using enzyme-immunoassays. Dural mast cells were stained with toluidine blue. c-fos neuronal activity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) sections were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that GTN triggered the increase in CGRP levels in plasma, trigeminal ganglion neurons and ex vivo meningeal preparations. Likewise, GTN-induced c-fos expression in TNC. In in vivo experiments, GTN caused dural mast cell degranulation, but similar effects were not seen in ex vivo experiments. Salmon calcitonin administration ameliorated GTN-induced migraine pain by reversing the increases induced by GTN. Our findings suggested that salmon calcitonin could alleviate the migraine-like pain by modulating CGRP release at different levels including the generation and conduction sites of migraine pain and mast cell behaviour in the dura mater. Therefore salmon calcitonin may be a new therapeutic choice in migraine pain relief., Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Fund [2016.08.02.1060]

WOS: 000387656400004 Rhododendron honey, made by bees from rhododendron pollen, contains a toxic substance called grayanotoxin. Depending on the dose, the poisonous honey can result in serious effects such as cardiac arrhythmia, fibrillation, and myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the poisonous RH of the Black Sea Region on the liver. Male mice were divided into five groups of twelve mice each, two being the control groups (distilled water) and the others being the rhododendron honey (RH) groups (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) and 0.01 mg/kg grayanotoxin (GTx) groups. Liver tissues were collected 24 and 48 h later. The sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin and PAS, then the histopathological score was performed. Significant statistical differences were observed between the RH and control groups in terms of congestion, steatosis, sinusoid dilatation, and inflammation. The control group demonstrated a normal liver structure in the light microscopy, while the GTx-applied 24 h group exhibited expansions in the sinusoids and congestion. Higher levels of congestion, steatosis, and inflammatory cells were seen in the GTx-applied 48 h group. In the same group, giant cells consisting of many nuclei were observed in the sinusoids. The results of the 25 mg RH-applied groups were similar in 24 and 48 h, histopathological score levels were increased slightly, congestion and steatosis were prominent in the 48 h group. Dense steatosis was seen in the hepatocytes around the vena centralis in 50 mg/kg RH-applied 48 h group. Congestion, steatosis and an increase in inflammatory cells were observed in the hepatocytes in the 75 mg/kg RH-applied 24- and 48 h groups. PAS (+) stained hepatocytes were decreased in the RH-and GTx-applied groups. The toxic effects of the rhododendron honey were observed in the mice liver tissue with respect to dose and time.