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In recent decades, language revitalisation policies, programmes and initiatives have had to develop in an environment of major social, political, economic, or technological changes that have had an extraordinary impact on the governance of minority language revitalisation. In this context, we have studied the changes that have taken place in the governance of the revitalisation of the Basque language in the Basque Autonomous Community during the first two decades of the twenty-first century: from open antagonism to a common commitment to collaborative governance. We present an analysis of the models of governance confronted in the field of the revitalisation of the Basque language, of the rationalities that inform them or provide them with resources of meaning and legitimation, and of the process by which a model of collaborative governance has been arrived at.

[EN]Humanity is currently facing one of the greatest threats in history: climate change. This dangerous phenomenon has been strongly enhanced by human activities, generating devastating consequences for both the environment and society. Furthermore, it is predicted that the anthropogenic effect on the global temperature of the planet will worsen even more if adequate measures are not taken in the short and medium term. Despite this worrying climate threat, there is no clear global judicial framework that controls these human "aggressions" on the environment, and we do not know the relative weight of each human activity on climate change. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to make an approach to the phenomenon of climate change from a criminological perspective that allows discussing potentially effective measures to combat it. The carbon or environmental footprint is a measure of the impact of human activities on the planet and, therefore, an indicator of the magnitude of climate change. In a first descriptive analysis, the countries with the largest carbon footprint were identified. Afterwards, the anthropogenic causes of this measure and the social characteristics associated with it were examined. For the latter, different linear regression models were used to understand which combination of variables can best explain the carbon footprint, as well as an analysis of correlations between the footprint and different social factors to understand other potential relationships with the phenomenon. The results showed that the most notable variable of climate change is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. On the other hand, the social characteristic that was most positively correlated with the climate problem is happiness, suggesting that this construct is mainly measured by the wealth that one possesses and that makes conspicuous consumption possible. It is very worrying that the most recognized measure of wealth that every country or individual see, [ES]Actualmente la humanidad se enfrenta a una de las mayores amenazas de la historia: el cambio climático. Este peligroso fenómeno se ha visto fuertemente potenciado por las actividades humanas generando consecuencias devastadoras tanto para el medio ambiente como para la sociedad. Más aún, se predice que el efecto antropogénico sobre la temperatura global del planeta empeorará aún más si no se toman medidas adecuadas a corto y medio plazo. A pesar de esta amenaza climática tan preocupante, no existe un marco judicial global claro que controle estas “agresiones” humanas sobre el medio ambiente, además, desconocemos el peso relativo de cada actividad humana sobre el cambio climático. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue realizar una aproximación al fenómeno del cambio climático desde una perspectiva criminológica que permita discutir medidas potencialmente eficaces para su combate. La huella de carbono o ambiental, es una medida del impacto de las actividades humanas en el planeta y, por lo tanto, indicadora de la magnitud del cambio climático. En un primer análisis descriptivo se identificaron los países con mayor huella de carbono. Después se examinaron las causas antropogénicas de esta medida y las características sociales asociadas al mismo. Para esto último se utilizaron diferentes modelos de regresión lineal para entender qué combinación de variables puede explicar mejor la huella de carbono, así como un análisis de correlaciones entre la huella y diferentes factores sociales para entender otras relaciones potenciales con el fenómeno. Los resultados demostraron que la variable más destacable del cambio climático es el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) de un país. Por otro lado, la característica social que más se correlacionó positivamente con el problema climático es la felicidad, sugiriendo que este constructo se mide principalmente mediante la riqueza que uno posee y que posibilita un consumo ostentoso. Es muy preocupante que la medida más re

La orientación emprendedora es un concepto clave en el contexto organizacional que está adquiriendo una relevancia cada vez mayor en el ámbito educativo, ya que la promoción del emprendimiento se ha convertido en una de las líneas de acción más importantes de la Unión Europea en materia de educación. Dado que la Escala de Orientación Emprendedora (EOE) es uno de los pocos instrumentos que permiten evaluar la orientación emprendedora en estudiantes, el primer objetivo del presente estudio consistió en la adaptación al euskera y la validación de la EOE (EOE-E). El segundo objetivo fue examinar la relación de la orientación emprendedora con el género y con el rendimiento académico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 735 estudiantes de Formación Profesional. En cuanto al primer objetivo, el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio corroboró la estructura de seis factores del cuestionario original, presentando índices aceptables de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. Se recabaron evidencias de validez convergente y de relación con otras variables, tales como la autoeficacia y la iniciativa personal. Por lo tanto, cabe afirmar que se obtuvieron evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la EOE-E para la evaluación de la orientación emprendedora en estudiantes de Formación Profesional. En lo que respecta al segundo objetivo, los varones presentaron puntuaciones medias superiores a las de las mujeres en orientación competitiva, mientras que las mujeres superaron a los varones en orientación al aprendizaje. Además, en comparación con el estudiantado de menor rendimiento académico, los y las estudiantes con mejores calificaciones académicas mostraron una mayor orientación a la innovación, orientación proactiva, orientación al logro y orientación al aprendizaje.

The care crisis manifests the tensions and profound changes which are taking place in contemporary longterm care systems, leading to new care views and modalities in society. Through 26 interviews conducted with caregivers, family members and elderly people with care needs, this study aims to make visible the transformation in the conceptions of care in the Basque Country. First, the results show the displacement of familiarist ideas and values. Second, we describe the daily management of the social and moral tensions associated with outsourcing and the meaning of care work. Third, the findings indicate the emergence of new perspectives on the modalities of care. The contribution of cognitive polyphasia towards analysing the management and integration of new knowledge associated with care in a specific socio-cultural context is discussed. Finally, we consider the applicability of our findings in terms of relevant solutions for care management and innovation in this field

Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38 center dot 72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39 center dot 08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (beta: 0 center dot 039 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (beta: -0 center dot 023 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students' diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.

Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38 center dot 72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39 center dot 08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (beta: 0 center dot 039 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (beta: -0 center dot 023 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students' diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.

Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38 center dot 72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39 center dot 08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (beta: 0 center dot 039 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (beta: -0 center dot 023 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students' diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.

Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38 center dot 72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39 center dot 08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (beta: 0 center dot 039 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (beta: -0 center dot 023 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students' diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate food purchasing behaviors, choice determinants, and opin-ions about on-campus food availability by a university community and to analyze differences in these aspects between students, education and/or research staff (ERS), and administrative and services staff (ASS), and between males and females.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that involved a representative sample of students (n =1089), ERS (n = 396), and ASS (n = 300) who completed an anonymous online survey. A previously adapted version of the questionnaire was administered. The results were weighted to ensure representativeness of this commu-nity population using weighted coefficients.Results: The results showed that most of the participants purchased food on campus (91.6%), especially for lunch (67.4% of foods and 37.4% of drinks) and snack (65.4% of foods and 45.4% of drinks). Hot drinks (i.e., cof-fee, tea, hot chocolate etc.; 60.5%), bottled water (49.2%), and hot foods (i.e., small servings [38.2%] and sand-wiches/hamburgers [31.7%]) were the most purchased items. Taste (98.6%) was the most important determinant in choice, followed by price for students, nutritional value for ASS, and health value for ERS. The "top 5" opinions suggested for the campus food environment and potential changes were "greater capacity to access free filtered drinking water", "greater capacity to recycle food packaging," "more healthy options in vending machines", "discounts for healthy choices," and "allergen labeling."Conclusion: Interventions that improve sustainability and the affordability of products with high nutritional quality, price-manipulation directives, and allergen information on labeling would be well received among this community.

Recent studies suggest that identification with all humanity (IWAH), apart from being related to universalistic values, could also be related to self-transcendent emotions (STE). In this scenario, the general objective of this cross-cultural longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between identification with proximate categories (i.e., community and country) and superordinate one (all humanity), and their association with positive self-oriented and STEs during a traumatic global phenomenon such as COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we explore variations regarding the patterns of those associations in different cultural contexts (Chile and Spain) and examine whether they change among two different time points (T1-T2). The total sample was composed of 403 participants, of whom 224 were residents in Chile (M = 39.25, SD = 12.56; range 18-71 years; 49.6% women) and 179 were residents in Spain (M = 36.35, SD = 12.12; range 18-68 years; 59.8% women). Data collection was carried out in September (T1) and November (T2) 2020, through online surveys administered via Survey Monkey(R) platform. Overall, results show, as expected, greater identification with proximate categories rather than superordinate ones, and an association between STEs and IWAH, but also with national and community identification. IWAH, but not STEs decreased significantly (T1-T2) in both countries. Thereafter, these emotional and behavioral responses decline as a symptom of growing fatigue with the pandemic situation, and also reflect a shift from broader to more local concerns. Analysis regarding comparisons between countries indicated higher levels of identification with community and with all humanity in Spain and with country in Chile. The results are discussed in the context of new developments in studies on IWAH.

Dependency and care assistance during old age has become an increasing focus of debate and change in society. Consequently, people must cope with diverse and even contradictory values and ideas about the issue. This study aimed to understand the social representations of dependency based on the dialogical approach of the Social Representations theory. Total 26 semi-structured interviewswere conducted in the Basque Country (north of Spain) with relatives, care workers, and older adult care recipients. The thematic analysis results show that social representations are articulated around seven themes, reflecting people’s tensions and contradictions at cultural, organizational, and relational levels. In addition, the polyphasic and dynamic nature of social representations is discussed, addressing current public debates about the meaning of dependency in a changing sociocultural context.

Introduction Studies which focus on the process of acculturation in the lifestyles, nutritional status and health of immigrants from the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) in the Iberian Peninsula are still scarce. This study aims to explore the influence of the acculturation process and dietary acculturation on the lifestyle and nutritional and health status of CPLP immigrants in Portugal and Spain, focusing on two Iberian contexts: Lisbon Metropolitan Area and the Basque Country. Methods and analysis A mixed methods sequential explanatory design, combining cross-sectional studies and semistructured interviews. Official data will also be analysed. Primary data will be collected through a questionnaire and assessment of nutritional status and body composition. The estimated samples sizes are 1061 adults (>= 18 years old) in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and 573 in the Basque Country. Time-location sampling will be used for the quantitative component and non-probabilistic sampling for the qualitative component. If safety conditions are not guaranteed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online studies will be conducted. The semistructured interviews will complement the questionnaire data and extend knowledge about the process of acculturation of CPLP immigrants and their relationship with eating habits and physical activity. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data. Triangulation of data derived from different methods will be carried out. An integrative approach will be used to address potential discrepancies in findings and limitations inherent to the study design. As inter-method discrepancies may occur, triangulation protocol will be used, elaborating a 'convergence coding matrix' to display findings emerging from each component of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained through the IHMT Ethics Council (Doc No 20/2020), Portugal, and it was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the UPV/EHU (Doc No under revision), Spain.

[EN] The COVID-19 disease has caused thousands of deaths worldwide and required the rapid and drastic adoption of various protective measures as main resources in the fight to reduce the spread of the disease. In the present study we aimed to identify socio cognitive factors that may influence adherence to protective measures toward COVID-19 in a Spanish sample. This longitudinal study analyzes the predictive value of perceived severity and vulnerability of infection, self-efficacy, direct exposure to the virus, and instrumental focused coping style for adhering to infection protection behaviors during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also tests sex and age differences in these factors and changes over time. A two-wave longitudinal study (N = 757) was conducted in March and April 2020 starting the day after a strict national lockdown was decreed in Spain. A path analysis was used to test direct and indirect effects between vulnerability and the adherence to protective behaviors. Results suggest that individuals’ perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 and instrumental coping strategies are related to the use of more protective behaviors. This coping strategy mediates the effect of perceived vulnerability on engaging in protective behaviors, and this effect depends on direct exposure to COVID-19 and perceived self-efficacy moderators. Results suggest that recognizing one’s own abilities to engage in instrumental actions may facilitate adherence to protective measures in people who had not been directly exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, adopting instrumental coping strategies to manage an individual’s perceived vulnerability to infection may positively impact the adherence to protective behaviors, especially during the onset of an unexpected threat and when there is no prior direct experience with the situation.

Being a parent plays an important role in people’s life trajectory and identity. Though the general cultural perception is that having children is a source of subjective well-being, there is evidence that, at least in some societies, the subjective well-being of those who are parents is worse, in some aspects, than that of those who are not. This gap has been the object of interest and controversy. The aim of this study was to compare Chilean adults with and without children in a broad set of well-being indicators, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. A public national probabilistic database was used. The results show that, in terms of positive and negative affect, those who are not parents achieve greater well-being than those who have children. Other results also pointed in that direction. The implications of the social context and gender, which are aspects that pose a burden for the exercise of parenthood in Chile, are discussed.

Research has shown that transformational leaders are able, through emotional contagion mechanisms, to transmit their emotions and boost positive feelings among their followers. Although research on leadership and team processes have shown a positive relation between transformational leadership and workers' well-being, there is a lack of studies examining the "black box" of this association. The present study aimed to assess the mediation effect of team emotional intelligence (TEI) of the management team on the relationship between management's transformational behaviors and employees' responses. Data were gathered from two sources: 1,566 managers grouped into 188 teams pertaining to a total of 90 firms, and 4,564 workers from the same 90 firms. The results showed that management team TEI and the emotional state of "passion" among employees had a full mediation effect on the relationship between management teams' transformational leadership and employees' cohesion. Implications of these results are discussed.

274 p., Despite the growing research on dance appreciation in psychology and philosophy, there is no comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, and there are still pending areas that merit further study. Based on current theoretical perspectives and research approaches, this project identifies two main areas of conceptual and methodological gaps. One refers to the conceptual definition of dance and dance appreciation assumed in psychological research. The other concerns the dance stimuli and the operational definitions used in previous research of dance appreciation. Overall, these two gaps result in a problem with the ecological validity of previous research approaches. To overcome this limitation, two types of methodology are adopted in this study: conceptual analysis and empirical correlational methods.The first part of the dissertation addresses the conceptual gap by developing a new conceptual framework of dance appreciation through two studies that analyse the concepts of dance, and dance appreciation. The underlying assumption guiding most of psychological research is that appreciation is identical to liking, and that the experience while perceiving dance movement counts as the same as an experience of appreciating dance as an artistic object. These assumptions are unwarranted and not responsive to the nature of dance as art phenomena and dance appreciation as a subtype of art appreciation. While there is a conceptual overlap between liking, aesthetic experience and art appreciation, closer inspection reveals that the distinction between them is conceptually and psychologically significant. Therefore, previous research approaches are grounded on a category-mistake, they confound the aesthetic and the artistic domains, and are based on oversimplified definitions of both dance and dance appreciation.The conceptual framework developed in part I is applied in part II, that consists in two empirical studies that design a scale of dance knowledge in an online survey (Study

The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) is one of the most commonly used measures of parenting stress both in clinical and research contexts. The PSI-SF is a 36-item, self-report measure with three subscales: Parental Distress (PD). Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI), and Difficult Child (DC). The objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of PSI-SF. Two different samples (N = 309) of mothers with children under 8 years old participated in the study. The first sample comprised 203 mothers with difficulties managing their children's behaviour. The second sample comprised 106 mothers from the general population. Factor structure of the PSI-SF, convergent validity, and differences between groups were analysed. The expected three-factor structure was confirmed for both samples. Findings suggested that the total PSI-SF scale and the three subscales had adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Differences between both samples, and between age and economic subgroups in the first sample were tested. The Spanish version of the PSI-SF can be considered an adequate measure of parenting stress in mothers of children under 8 years old with difficulties to manage their children's behaviour. Further studies with extended samples from the general population are needed.

Research has shown that transformational leaders are able, through emotional contagion mechanisms, to transmit their emotions and boost positive feelings among their followers. Although research on leadership and team processes have shown a positive relation between transformational leadership and workers' well-being, there is a lack of studies examining the "black box" of this association. The present study aimed to assess the mediation effect of team emotional intelligence (TEI) of the management team on the relationship between management's transformational behaviors and employees' responses. Data were gathered from two sources: 1,566 managers grouped into 188 teams pertaining to a total of 90 firms, and 4,564 workers from the same 90 firms. The results showed that management team TEI and the emotional state of "passion" among employees had a full mediation effect on the relationship between management teams' transformational leadership and employees' cohesion. Implications of these results are discussed.

Introduction Studies which focus on the process of acculturation in the lifestyles, nutritional status and health of immigrants from the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) in the Iberian Peninsula are still scarce. This study aims to explore the influence of the acculturation process and dietary acculturation on the lifestyle and nutritional and health status of CPLP immigrants in Portugal and Spain, focusing on two Iberian contexts: Lisbon Metropolitan Area and the Basque Country. Methods and analysis A mixed methods sequential explanatory design, combining cross-sectional studies and semistructured interviews. Official data will also be analysed. Primary data will be collected through a questionnaire and assessment of nutritional status and body composition. The estimated samples sizes are 1061 adults (>= 18 years old) in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and 573 in the Basque Country. Time-location sampling will be used for the quantitative component and non-probabilistic sampling for the qualitative component. If safety conditions are not guaranteed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online studies will be conducted. The semistructured interviews will complement the questionnaire data and extend knowledge about the process of acculturation of CPLP immigrants and their relationship with eating habits and physical activity. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data. Triangulation of data derived from different methods will be carried out. An integrative approach will be used to address potential discrepancies in findings and limitations inherent to the study design. As inter-method discrepancies may occur, triangulation protocol will be used, elaborating a 'convergence coding matrix' to display findings emerging from each component of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained through the IHMT Ethics Council (Doc No 20/2020), Portugal, and it was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the UPV/EHU (Doc No under revision), Spain.

Being a parent plays an important role in people’s life trajectory and identity. Though the general cultural perception is that having children is a source of subjective well-being, there is evidence that, at least in some societies, the subjective well-being of those who are parents is worse, in some aspects, than that of those who are not. This gap has been the object of interest and controversy. The aim of this study was to compare Chilean adults with and without children in a broad set of well-being indicators, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. A public national probabilistic database was used. The results show that, in terms of positive and negative affect, those who are not parents achieve greater well-being than those who have children. Other results also pointed in that direction. The implications of the social context and gender, which are aspects that pose a burden for the exercise of parenthood in Chile, are discussed.

[EN] The COVID-19 disease has caused thousands of deaths worldwide and required the rapid and drastic adoption of various protective measures as main resources in the fight to reduce the spread of the disease. In the present study we aimed to identify socio cognitive factors that may influence adherence to protective measures toward COVID-19 in a Spanish sample. This longitudinal study analyzes the predictive value of perceived severity and vulnerability of infection, self-efficacy, direct exposure to the virus, and instrumental focused coping style for adhering to infection protection behaviors during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also tests sex and age differences in these factors and changes over time. A two-wave longitudinal study (N = 757) was conducted in March and April 2020 starting the day after a strict national lockdown was decreed in Spain. A path analysis was used to test direct and indirect effects between vulnerability and the adherence to protective behaviors. Results suggest that individuals’ perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 and instrumental coping strategies are related to the use of more protective behaviors. This coping strategy mediates the effect of perceived vulnerability on engaging in protective behaviors, and this effect depends on direct exposure to COVID-19 and perceived self-efficacy moderators. Results suggest that recognizing one’s own abilities to engage in instrumental actions may facilitate adherence to protective measures in people who had not been directly exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, adopting instrumental coping strategies to manage an individual’s perceived vulnerability to infection may positively impact the adherence to protective behaviors, especially during the onset of an unexpected threat and when there is no prior direct experience with the situation.

The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) is one of the most commonly used measures of parenting stress both in clinical and research contexts. The PSI-SF is a 36-item, self-report measure with three subscales: Parental Distress (PD). Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI), and Difficult Child (DC). The objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of PSI-SF. Two different samples (N = 309) of mothers with children under 8 years old participated in the study. The first sample comprised 203 mothers with difficulties managing their children's behaviour. The second sample comprised 106 mothers from the general population. Factor structure of the PSI-SF, convergent validity, and differences between groups were analysed. The expected three-factor structure was confirmed for both samples. Findings suggested that the total PSI-SF scale and the three subscales had adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Differences between both samples, and between age and economic subgroups in the first sample were tested. The Spanish version of the PSI-SF can be considered an adequate measure of parenting stress in mothers of children under 8 years old with difficulties to manage their children's behaviour. Further studies with extended samples from the general population are needed.

274 p., Despite the growing research on dance appreciation in psychology and philosophy, there is no comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, and there are still pending areas that merit further study. Based on current theoretical perspectives and research approaches, this project identifies two main areas of conceptual and methodological gaps. One refers to the conceptual definition of dance and dance appreciation assumed in psychological research. The other concerns the dance stimuli and the operational definitions used in previous research of dance appreciation. Overall, these two gaps result in a problem with the ecological validity of previous research approaches. To overcome this limitation, two types of methodology are adopted in this study: conceptual analysis and empirical correlational methods.The first part of the dissertation addresses the conceptual gap by developing a new conceptual framework of dance appreciation through two studies that analyse the concepts of dance, and dance appreciation. The underlying assumption guiding most of psychological research is that appreciation is identical to liking, and that the experience while perceiving dance movement counts as the same as an experience of appreciating dance as an artistic object. These assumptions are unwarranted and not responsive to the nature of dance as art phenomena and dance appreciation as a subtype of art appreciation. While there is a conceptual overlap between liking, aesthetic experience and art appreciation, closer inspection reveals that the distinction between them is conceptually and psychologically significant. Therefore, previous research approaches are grounded on a category-mistake, they confound the aesthetic and the artistic domains, and are based on oversimplified definitions of both dance and dance appreciation.The conceptual framework developed in part I is applied in part II, that consists in two empirical studies that design a scale of dance knowledge in an online survey (Study

Research has shown that transformational leaders are able, through emotional contagion mechanisms, to transmit their emotions and boost positive feelings among their followers. Although research on leadership and team processes have shown a positive relation between transformational leadership and workers' well-being, there is a lack of studies examining the "black box" of this association. The present study aimed to assess the mediation effect of team emotional intelligence (TEI) of the management team on the relationship between management's transformational behaviors and employees' responses. Data were gathered from two sources: 1,566 managers grouped into 188 teams pertaining to a total of 90 firms, and 4,564 workers from the same 90 firms. The results showed that management team TEI and the emotional state of "passion" among employees had a full mediation effect on the relationship between management teams' transformational leadership and employees' cohesion. Implications of these results are discussed.

Introduction Studies which focus on the process of acculturation in the lifestyles, nutritional status and health of immigrants from the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) in the Iberian Peninsula are still scarce. This study aims to explore the influence of the acculturation process and dietary acculturation on the lifestyle and nutritional and health status of CPLP immigrants in Portugal and Spain, focusing on two Iberian contexts: Lisbon Metropolitan Area and the Basque Country. Methods and analysis A mixed methods sequential explanatory design, combining cross-sectional studies and semistructured interviews. Official data will also be analysed. Primary data will be collected through a questionnaire and assessment of nutritional status and body composition. The estimated samples sizes are 1061 adults (>= 18 years old) in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and 573 in the Basque Country. Time-location sampling will be used for the quantitative component and non-probabilistic sampling for the qualitative component. If safety conditions are not guaranteed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online studies will be conducted. The semistructured interviews will complement the questionnaire data and extend knowledge about the process of acculturation of CPLP immigrants and their relationship with eating habits and physical activity. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data. Triangulation of data derived from different methods will be carried out. An integrative approach will be used to address potential discrepancies in findings and limitations inherent to the study design. As inter-method discrepancies may occur, triangulation protocol will be used, elaborating a 'convergence coding matrix' to display findings emerging from each component of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained through the IHMT Ethics Council (Doc No 20/2020), Portugal, and it was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the UPV/EHU (Doc No under revision), Spain.

[EN] The COVID-19 disease has caused thousands of deaths worldwide and required the rapid and drastic adoption of various protective measures as main resources in the fight to reduce the spread of the disease. In the present study we aimed to identify socio cognitive factors that may influence adherence to protective measures toward COVID-19 in a Spanish sample. This longitudinal study analyzes the predictive value of perceived severity and vulnerability of infection, self-efficacy, direct exposure to the virus, and instrumental focused coping style for adhering to infection protection behaviors during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also tests sex and age differences in these factors and changes over time. A two-wave longitudinal study (N = 757) was conducted in March and April 2020 starting the day after a strict national lockdown was decreed in Spain. A path analysis was used to test direct and indirect effects between vulnerability and the adherence to protective behaviors. Results suggest that individuals’ perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 and instrumental coping strategies are related to the use of more protective behaviors. This coping strategy mediates the effect of perceived vulnerability on engaging in protective behaviors, and this effect depends on direct exposure to COVID-19 and perceived self-efficacy moderators. Results suggest that recognizing one’s own abilities to engage in instrumental actions may facilitate adherence to protective measures in people who had not been directly exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, adopting instrumental coping strategies to manage an individual’s perceived vulnerability to infection may positively impact the adherence to protective behaviors, especially during the onset of an unexpected threat and when there is no prior direct experience with the situation.

The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) is one of the most commonly used measures of parenting stress both in clinical and research contexts. The PSI-SF is a 36-item, self-report measure with three subscales: Parental Distress (PD). Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI), and Difficult Child (DC). The objective of this study was to analyse the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of PSI-SF. Two different samples (N = 309) of mothers with children under 8 years old participated in the study. The first sample comprised 203 mothers with difficulties managing their children's behaviour. The second sample comprised 106 mothers from the general population. Factor structure of the PSI-SF, convergent validity, and differences between groups were analysed. The expected three-factor structure was confirmed for both samples. Findings suggested that the total PSI-SF scale and the three subscales had adequate internal consistency and convergent validity. Differences between both samples, and between age and economic subgroups in the first sample were tested. The Spanish version of the PSI-SF can be considered an adequate measure of parenting stress in mothers of children under 8 years old with difficulties to manage their children's behaviour. Further studies with extended samples from the general population are needed.

Being a parent plays an important role in people’s life trajectory and identity. Though the general cultural perception is that having children is a source of subjective well-being, there is evidence that, at least in some societies, the subjective well-being of those who are parents is worse, in some aspects, than that of those who are not. This gap has been the object of interest and controversy. The aim of this study was to compare Chilean adults with and without children in a broad set of well-being indicators, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. A public national probabilistic database was used. The results show that, in terms of positive and negative affect, those who are not parents achieve greater well-being than those who have children. Other results also pointed in that direction. The implications of the social context and gender, which are aspects that pose a burden for the exercise of parenthood in Chile, are discussed.

274 p., Despite the growing research on dance appreciation in psychology and philosophy, there is no comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, and there are still pending areas that merit further study. Based on current theoretical perspectives and research approaches, this project identifies two main areas of conceptual and methodological gaps. One refers to the conceptual definition of dance and dance appreciation assumed in psychological research. The other concerns the dance stimuli and the operational definitions used in previous research of dance appreciation. Overall, these two gaps result in a problem with the ecological validity of previous research approaches. To overcome this limitation, two types of methodology are adopted in this study: conceptual analysis and empirical correlational methods.The first part of the dissertation addresses the conceptual gap by developing a new conceptual framework of dance appreciation through two studies that analyse the concepts of dance, and dance appreciation. The underlying assumption guiding most of psychological research is that appreciation is identical to liking, and that the experience while perceiving dance movement counts as the same as an experience of appreciating dance as an artistic object. These assumptions are unwarranted and not responsive to the nature of dance as art phenomena and dance appreciation as a subtype of art appreciation. While there is a conceptual overlap between liking, aesthetic experience and art appreciation, closer inspection reveals that the distinction between them is conceptually and psychologically significant. Therefore, previous research approaches are grounded on a category-mistake, they confound the aesthetic and the artistic domains, and are based on oversimplified definitions of both dance and dance appreciation.The conceptual framework developed in part I is applied in part II, that consists in two empirical studies that design a scale of dance knowledge in an online survey (Study

El colectivo de Lesbianas, Gay, Bisexuales y Trans (LGBT) se encuentra en mayor riesgo de sufrir discriminación resultante en delitos e incidentes de odio debido a su estatus de minoría, circunstancia que se ha asociado a consecuencias psicológicas adversas como ideación suicida, síntomas de estrés postraumático y abuso de sustancias, entre otros (Hatzenbuehler y Pachankis, 2016). Tal y como se extrae de los datos oficiales, los incidentes y delitos de odio por motivo de prejuicio hacia este colectivo se trata de una realidad persistente. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende acercarse a esta realidad, analizando el fenómeno a nivel nacional e internacional, y estudiando el grado de cobertura actual de las necesidades de las personas de este colectivo víctimas de delitos e incidentes de odio.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common subtype of dementia. In the last ten years, the relationship between cholesterol and AD has been investigated. Evidence suggests that cholesterol is associated with AD and represents promising targets for intervention. However, the causality of these associations is unclear. Therefore, we sought to conduct a meta-meta-analysis to determine the effect of cholesterol on the development AD. Then, we assessed the effect of serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), on AD risk. Methods: A systematic search of meta-analyses was conducted. Scopus, Web of Science, Science direct, PubMed and Google academic system databases were reviewed. Results: We found 100 primary studies and five meta-analyses to analyze the relationships between cholesterol and AD. The total effect of cholesterol on risk of AD was significant and heterogeneous. Subgroup analysis shows that LDL-C levels influence the development of AD. However, non-significant effects of HDL-C, TC and TG levels on AD were found. Conclusions: These results strengthen the evidence that LDL-C cholesterol levels increase risk for AD. More initiatives to investigate the relationship between cholesterol and AD are needed.

El presente artículo hace parte de la investigación “Narrativas colectivas de paz y conflicto armado desde las voces de los niños y niñas de la primera infancia, familias y agentes relacionales en el marco del posconflicto/posacuerdo”. La metodología de la investigación parte del enfoque epistemológico hermenéutico ontológico político o hermenéutico performativo; ligado a una apuesta transformadora mediante la investigación centrada en las narrativas colectivas. El artículo pretende evidenciar las herramientas pacíficas empleadas por las familias en los espacios, y las redes comunitarias, familiares y educativas, Narrativas coletivas: Estratégias pacifistas identificadas por famílias provenientes do conflito armado em espaços comunitários, familiares e educativos é parte da pesquisa Narrativas Coletivas de Paz e Conflito Armado a partir das Vozes de Crianças da Primeira Infância, Famílias e Agentes Relacionais no Quadro Pós-Conflito/Pós-Acordo. A metodologia da pesquisa é baseada em uma abordagem epistemológica hermenêutica ontológica política ou hermenêutica performativa. O artigo visa destacar as ferramentas identificadas de ações pacíficas por parte das famílias a partir de narrativas coletivas em espaços e redes comunitários e educativos, Collective Narratives: Pacifist Strategies by Families in Armed Conflict in Community, Familiar and Educational Spaces is the result of the research Collective Narratives of Peace and Armed Conflict from the Voices of Children of Early Childhood, Families and Other Relational Agents in the Post-Conflict/Post-Agreement Framework. The methodology of the research comes from an epistemological approach of political ontological hermeneutics or performative hermeneutics within a transformation approach of collective narratives. The article aims to highlight the peace-building tools used by families from collective narratives in community, educational spaces and community networks

Capítulos 7 y 8 confidenciales. -- Tesis completa 306 p. -- Tesis censurada 244 p., En los últimos tiempos se ha optado en los países más avanzados en políticas socio sanitarias, por incorporar y aplicar el enfoque de la Atención Gerontológica Centrada en la Persona (AGCP) como uno de los ejes centrales en la de calidad de los recursos sociales y sanitarios. Este enfoque, genera en la actualidad un creciente interés en los recursos gerontológicos españoles y la necesidad de avanzar en la aplicación del Modelo de Atención Gerontológica Centrada en la Persona (MAGCP). Los objetivos de esta tesis son en primer lugar, elaborar un instrumento, al que denominamos Modelo de Atención Gerontológica con 32 ítems (MAGE32), desde la visión de las personas residentes que utilizan dichos recursos, de sus familias y de los profesionales de atención directa, permitiendo de esta manera completar las actuales evaluaciones de calidad de los servicios gerontológicos, en segundo lugar, analizar el grado de aplicación de la AGCP entre los tres grupos en los centros gerontológicos y en tercer lugar, observar el grado de aplicación del MAGCP en dichos centros. El cuestionario obtenido tiene unas adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, es una herramienta ágil por su brevedad y es aplicable a los tres grupos participantes en los cuidados, lo que supera limitaciones de otros instrumentos adaptados a nuestro entorno.

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between participation in collective gatherings and rituals and different important psychosocial variables and processes, such as social sharing of emotions, group cohesion, identity fusion, prosocial tendencies and behaviors, and well-being (e.g.,Rime, 2009;Xygalatas et al., 2013;Khan et al., 2015;Paez et al., 2015). These studies, coming from different lines of research, have proposed diverse explanatory mechanisms to explain the positive social and psychological effects of collective gatherings. In the present article, we focus on one of these mechanisms, known as collective effervescence, emotional communion, emotional entrainment, or perceived emotional synchrony (PES). First, we briefly discuss current conceptions of the emotional states and experience during collective gatherings and what they bring to the definition of PES. We close this point by proposing an integrative definition of PES. Second, structural validity of the original PES scale is examined. Third, incremental validity of PES is examined in two longitudinal studies, particularly with respect to well-being. Finally, we propose an integrative short form of the PES Scale, which measures antecedents and behavioral effects of collective effervescence.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una aproximación al fenómeno de la crueldad animal en asesinos en serie basándonos en la teoría de “el Enlace”, la cual advierte que existe un vínculo entre el maltrato animal y la violencia interpersonal. Para ello, primeramente, se plantea una revisión teórica sobre la realidad de esta conexión, y, a continuación, en base a esta revisión teórica, se realiza un análisis cualitativo y otro cuantitativo para examinar la crueldad animal en asesinos en serie y obtener patrones que asocien esta crueldad con las características individuales de cada asesino, así como para comparar esa crueldad y sus características entre asesinos en serie y asesinos en masa.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in the Spanish population and to identify what population profiles were most affected. The study used a sequential exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, 40 participants were recruited based on theoretically relevant criteria and the saturation of the information provided by the interviews. In the quantitative phase, a large representative sample was applied. The universe considered was the adult population of Spain. A total of 6789 surveys were conducted. Both the analysis of the narratives of the interviews and the responses to the panel survey showed relevant changes in attitudes and mood swings compared to the period prior to lockdown. These changes include dysphoric moods (i.e., experiences of distress such as sadness/depression, anxiety, rage, feeling of unreality, worry, etc.) and also some euphoric moods (i.e., feelings of well-being, happiness, etc.). A higher number of women were affected than men and a greater increase was observed in younger people. The findings of the study may serve as a basis for detecting needs and providing psychological support, as the symptoms detected as the most common are key for the processes of screening at-risk individuals.

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el contexto actual del auge de la extrema derecha a escala europea, concretamente nacional, y las creencias sobre la democracia entre el estudiantado universitario. Por un lado, se ofrece un análisis sobre las creencias, actitudes y pensamientos de este colectivo hacia el sistema político actual, donde se destaca una insatisfacción general por la democracia, pero intensa crítica hacia ella; además de una falta de percepción de amenaza. Por otro lado, diversos autores han analizado las bases sobre las que este se sustenta, destacando el cambio de valores en las sociedades hacia el retorno de los materialistas, en los cuales se fundamentan los discursos de la derecha; hecho que se ha descartado en base a los resultados, ya que siguen predominando los posmaterialistas entre el estudiantado universitario. A su vez, se ha comprobado que este colectivo sigue rechazando el discurso de la extrema derecha, aunque se observa que comienzan a asimilar y normalizar ciertos postulados relacionados con esta idea.

Los continuos cambios que experimenta la sociedad en su evolución tienen impacto en la institución policial, viéndose necesarias importantes reformas e innovaciones en sus enfoques. Asimismo, la pequeña delincuencia y la conflictividad en la comunidad se vuelven temas centrales en las intervenciones policiales, por lo que se han de buscar nuevas maneras de gestionar y afrontar estas problemáticas, por ejemplo, la implementación de las estrategias de mediación en la Policía. Por otra parte, la Criminología Ambiental es una disciplina que analiza el contexto espacial de los delitos para la explicación de los mismos, y cuyos planteamientos dan lugar a teorías con gran respalde empírico, como la aportada por Weisburd. Con estos conocimientos, el presente trabajo, contextualizado en la ciudad de Irún, analiza y reflexiona sobre los conflictos de convivencia social y comportamientos incívicos de dicha localidad. Además, se verifica el cumplimiento de la Ley de Weisburd y se presentan los resultados con mapas de calor, exponiendo los puntos calientes de la ciudad. Finalmente, se formulan unas propuestas de mejora a la Policía Local de Irún y unas conclusiones sobre la utilidad de la investigación en temas de prevención.

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for high-stakes decision making is currently out for debate. In the Criminal Justice System, it can provide great benefits as well as aggravate systematic biases and introduce unprecedented ones. Hence, should artificial devices be involved in the decision-making process? And if the answer is affirmative, where should be the limits of that involvement? To answer these questions, this dissertation examines two popular risk assessment tools currently in use in the United States, LS and COMPAS, to discuss the differences between a traditional and an actuarial instrument that rely on computerized algorithms. Further analysis of the later is done in relation with the Fairness, Accountability, Transparency and Ethics (FATE) perspective to be implemented in any technology involving AI. Although the future of AI is uncertain, the ignorance with respect to so many aspects of this kind of innovative methods demand further research on how to make the best use of the several opportunities that it brings.

The exposure of adult children to inter-parental violence is an indirect form of victimization which has not been widely investigated in relation to its consequences in adulthood. The main goal of this study was to analyze predictors of dating violence based on an integrated model of intergenerational transmission of violence with the assessment of potential indirect effects of inter-parental violence exposure on dating violence through child-to-parent violence and sexism. A total of 847 college students participated in this study, ranging from 18 to 25 years of age. Inter-parental violence exposure plays a relevant role in dating violence, with indirect effects through child-to-parent violence and sexism. These results support social learning theory in explaining the intergenerational transmission of violence and indicate that further attention should be paid to children exposed to inter-parental violence. Intervention models to prevent the perpetration of dating violence should include the prevention of inter-parental violence exposure and child-to-parent violence.

Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem among young people, especially women. It involves violent acts towards one’s partner and occurs face-to-face (offline) or through the Internet (online). Offline DV is linked to suicidal ideation and attachment to parents and peers. Fewer studies analyze the psychological and social consequences of online DV. This study tests the link between young women’s DV victimization (off- and online), suicide risk (SR), and parent and peer support in a sample of young Spanish females (N = 1227) (Mage=19, SD = 2.82; range = 13–28). Results confirm that compared to non-victims off- and online DV increase suicidal thoughts and attempts. This effect is stronger for victims of both types of DV (thoughts: OR offline DV = 3.11; CI95% 2.06, 4.69; OR online DV = 2.37; CI95% 1.69, 3.32; OR off-online DV = 4.19 CI95% 2.44, 7.17) (attempts: OR offline DV = 4.02; CI95% 1.83, 8.81; OR online DV = 3.69; CI95% 1.96, 7.01; OR off-online DV = 10.55 CI95% 2.56, 44.43). Mediation and moderation models were used to assess the effect of perceived attachment of parents and friends in DV victims and SR. Mediation analyses indicated that perceived attachment and proximity to parents and peers reduces the impact of DV on SR. Moderation analyses showed that a high level of perceived peer attachment reduces the effect of offline DV on SR. Regarding off-online DV, a high level of perceived parent attachment mitigates suicide risk. Loneliness, lack of care from loved ones, and thwarted belongingness increase suicidal thoughts in DV victims. Peers and parents’ proximity may prevent risk behaviors in DV victims.

The collective construct of Team Emotional Intelligence (TEI) has been widely used and discussed. However, although several studies have examined the relationship between individual emotional intelligence and transformational leadership, few reports have explored the TEI of leadership teams. The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure TEI, developing and validating the T-TMMS in a sample of 1,746 participants grouped into 152 leadership teams. The research design of the study was cross-sectional, and, in order to observe reliability as well as the construct, convergent, and predictive validity of the scale, we conducted an internal consistency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, as well as a correlation and hierarchical linear regression analysis. The T-TMMS showed a three-factor structure (Attention, Clarity, and Repair), with adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent validity. We also examined the relationship between TEI and organizational performance. The limitations and implications of this new scale for organizational contexts are discussed.

Organizational research has shown that personal initiative is related to both climate for initiative and work engagement. Yet little is known about what happens to this relationship once the focus shifts to the team level. When organizational and team goals are involved this renders the relationship more complex, and team identification and organizational identification are likely to be key to understanding it. In this paper we develop a model to deal with these complexities. This predicts (a) that team identification will impact on team initiative through team work engagement while (b) organizational identification will impact on team initiative through climate for initiative. It is also expected that team initiative will, in turn, impact on team productivity, and on radical innovation as evaluated by the team leader. This model was tested in a field study with 327 participants of 76 workteams belonging to 50 organizations. Results of SEM and regression analysis supported our main hypotheses. Findings showed that initiative is related to performance and also underline the importance of initiative at a team level. At the same time they suggest that to develop teams with high levels of initiative it is important to promote both organizational and team identification.

El colectivo de Lesbianas, Gay, Bisexuales y Trans (LGBT) se encuentra en mayor riesgo de sufrir discriminación resultante en delitos e incidentes de odio debido a su estatus de minoría, circunstancia que se ha asociado a consecuencias psicológicas adversas como ideación suicida, síntomas de estrés postraumático y abuso de sustancias, entre otros (Hatzenbuehler y Pachankis, 2016). Tal y como se extrae de los datos oficiales, los incidentes y delitos de odio por motivo de prejuicio hacia este colectivo se trata de una realidad persistente. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende acercarse a esta realidad, analizando el fenómeno a nivel nacional e internacional, y estudiando el grado de cobertura actual de las necesidades de las personas de este colectivo víctimas de delitos e incidentes de odio.

ES] El artículo presenta un estudio interdisciplinar sobre los medios de comunicación en el confl icto vasco a la luz del Periodismo de Paz y la Psicología Social. El estudio expone los principales trabajos en Ciencias de la Comunicación sobre el comportamiento de los medios en dicho confl icto, y basa su apartado empírico en 22 entrevistas en profundidad con responsables de medios vascos. Los testimonios señalan que los medios fueron actores del confl icto, trasladaron visiones simplifi cadas y polarizadas de la realidad, y fueron víctimas de la violencia. Como refl exión fi nal, se infi ere que los medios practicaron un Periodismo de Guerra., [EN] The paper presents an interdisciplinary study on the media in the Basque confl ict based on Peace Journalism and Social Psychology. The study exposes the main works in Communication Sciences on the behavior of media in this confl ict, and bases its empirical section on 22 in-depth interviews with Basque media managers. The witnesses indicate that the media were actors in the confl ict, transferred simplifi ed and polarized views of reality, and were victims of violence. As a fi nal thought, it is inferred that the media practiced War Journalism.

163 p., l principal objetivo de esta tesis, compuesta por tres estudios experimentales, reside en abordar la controversia relativa al carácter primario o secundario de cuatro motivaciones básicas del self. Se ha debatido intensamente en lo relativo a si el autoenaltecimiento, la reducción de la incertidumbre identitaria, la necesidad de control o autoeficacia y la evitación de los pensamientos relacionados con la muerte son motivaciones básicas e irreductibles o, por el contrario, son expresiones de una motivación común subyacente. Asimismo, se abordan otras cuestiones más específicas de la teoría del manejo del terror las cuales permanecen inconclusas. Para dirimir esta polémica se han llevado a cabo tres estudios que siguen una misma lógica experimental: en primer lugar, se activaron las distintas motivaciones mediante amenazas dirigidas al self; a continuación, se observaron los efectos producidos por dichas amenazas en una serie de procesos afectivos, cognitivos y motivacionales. Finalmente, observamos qué tipo de reacciones defensivas producen las amenazas, que toman forma de cambios en diferentes dimensiones de nuestra visión cultural del mundo (intensificación en la identificación con el endogrupo y defensa de sus valores culturales, rechazo a otros grupos sociales, aumento del deseo de conformar una familia y tener descendencia y refuerzo en la adscripción a creencias en un alma inmortal). Estas dimensiones de la visión cultural del mundo se han propuesto como defensas distales frente a las amenazas al self (empleando la terminología de la teoría del manejo del terror). En vista de los resultados obtenidos, advertimos que las personas hacen frente a dichas amenazas a través de diferentes reacciones defensivas. Sin embargo, encontramos ciertos elementos comunes entre ellas, como es una reacción afectiva relacionada con la preocupación-confusión y un aumento en la accesibilidad de pensamientos relacionados con la incertidumbre, que median la relación entre las amenaza

Munduan zehar dauden pertsona desplazatu kopurua urtetik urtera igotzen ari den fenomenoa da eta horrek pertsona etorkin eta errefuxiatuek harrera herrialdeetara iristean dituzten beharrei arreta jartzea eskatzen du. Lan honetan, populazio errefuxiatuak harrera herrialdeetan bizi duen egoera eta integraziorako zailtasunak azaleratuko dira eta iritsiera horien aurrean herrialde hartzaileek garatu dituzten iniziatiba, zerbitzu eta politika ezberdinak aztertu ere. Esfortzu honetan gobernuko maila anitzen papera behatzeaz gain, integrazio politiken beharra, gizarte zibilaren funtzioa eta elkartasunaren garrantzia azpimarratzen dira. Testuinguru hurbilera ekarriz eta errefuxiatu eta etorkinen arteko ezberdintasuna alboratu gabe, Gipuzkoan, 2018ko udan bizitako migrazio fluxuaren ondorioz sortutako herritarren harrera sareak aztertuko dira, hemendik lortutako ikaskuntzak errefuxiatuekin lan egiteko lagungarriak izan daitezkeelakoa., La cantidad de personas desplazadas por el mundo es un fenómeno que aumenta de año a año, requiriendo poner atención a las necesidades de las personas migrantes y refugiadas en los países de llegada. Este trabajo explica la situación de la población refugiada en la sociedad de acogida y las dificultades para su integración, examinando al mismo tiempo distintas iniciativas, servicios y políticas desarrollados por los países que los acogen. Se distingue el papel de distintos niveles de gobierno, recalcando la necesidad de políticas de integración, el papel de la sociedad civil y la importancia de la solidaridad. Acercando el foco al contexto de Guipúzcoa, y sin obviar las diferencias entre refugiadas y migrantes, se analizan las redes de acogida ciudadana creadas a partir del flujo migratorio vivido en el verano de 2018. Los conocimientos adquiridos en esta investigación pueden ser útiles para el trabajo con la población refugiada.

La Renta Básica Universal, en un contexto de hundimiento del sistema de empleo e intensificación de la desigualdad económica y social, se plantea como un ingreso estable e incondicional que recibiría toda la población como derecho de ciudadanía, independientemente de su nivel de ingresos, su situación sociolaboral o su contribución económica y social. Este estudio, vinculado a la Psicología del Trabajo, pretende analizar las actitudes de la población acerca de esta medida, estableciendo los mecanismos subyacentes al acuerdo hacia su implementación. A través de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo en una muestra de población general (N=271), se pretendió analizar las creencias y actitudes hacia esta medida, así como su relación con variables ideológicas, de valores u otras de tipo socioemocional. Los resultados mostraron que el acuerdo hacia la RBU se vio relacionado con un mayor número de creencias positivas y menor número de creencias negativas hacia la medida, así como con actitudes más favorables hacia la incondicionalidad de la misma y un mayor rechazo hacia el establecimiento de criterios de acceso basados en el merecimiento. Valores igualitaristas predicen un mayor apoyo a la medida, mientras que valores de ética protestante del trabajo y dominancia social predicen su rechazo. Las creencias acerca de la ayuda y las actitudes hacia la incondicionalidad emergieron como mediadores indirectos entre los sistemas de valores y el acuerdo con la medida. Las implicaciones de estos resultados son discutidas, proponiendo futuras líneas de investigación.

329 p., The thesis aims to investigate the Brazilian Truth Commission's (TC) impact and evaluations and the social representations of history regarding the military regime in Brazil. Another goal was to integrate the results about the TCs with similar studies conducted in other countries in South America. Methods of research included questionnaires, word-association task and the analysis of the spontaneous discourses in the media. Although we found extreme criticism in the on-line comments about the commission, results from questionnaires showed that the commission is well evaluated. Political and social attitudes as well as the emotions elicited by the TC were found to be important variables on its evaluation. We found evidences for the association of psychosocial variables to different emotions, attitudes and representations towards the dictatorial past. We found that especially low education and support for authoritarianism were associated to a positive dictatorship representation. Finally, in the fourth study, results globally seems to support the idea that a positive evaluation of the TC effectiveness is associated to both, more trust in institutions and more positive socio-emotional climate. These associations seem to be moderated by contextual factors such as the level of violence perpetrated and social trust in the government and in the democracy. These results are globally discussed through the framework presented in the theoretical and empirical review leading to the conclusions pointing out the relation of the findings to the construction of the collective memory and social representations of history fields as well as to possible future lines of investigation.