OSTRACIIDAE Acanthostracion Bleeker, 1865 , two species (A. notacanthus and A. quadricornis) are included in the Mediterranean (France and Adriatic) on the basis of unreliable records published by old authors (see Tortonese, 1975). ��oljan (1975) points out that the record of a A. quadricornis in the Adriatic is improbable and Tortonese (1986) regards the other boxfish species as very doubtful. Nevertheless, the above species are included in the Mediterranean ichthyofauna by Quignard and Tomasini (2000). Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus, 1758) , was included in the Mediterranean (Sicily and Nice) by Carus (1983) and Risso (1826), respectively. As pointed out by Tortonese (1975, 1979a) these records are wrong and Ostraciidae should be considered as non-existing in the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the above mentioned boxfish is included in the Mediterranean ichthyofauna by Quignard and Tomasini (2000). Rhinesomus triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) , was recorded on the basis of a dead specimen collected inside the Genoa harbour (Ligurian Sea) on February 1909 and taken to the University of Genoa. Parona (1909) who studied this specimen, excluded the Ostraciidae from the Mediterranean and linked the presence of this fish to a ship transport. In fact, Parona (1909) reports similar boxfish findings at Nice, where Risso (1826) obtained his specimens in similar circumstances. It is not included in the lists of exotic species compiled by Golani et al. (2002) and Zenetos et al. (2010)., Published as part of Psomadakis, Peter Nick, Giustino, Stefano & Vacchi, Marino, 2012, Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas, pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 3263 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280724, {"references":["Tortonese, E. (1975) Osteichthyes (Pesci ossei). Parte seconda. Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 11. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 636 pp.","Soljan, T. (1975) I pesci dell'Adriatico. Mondadori, Verona, 522 pp.","Tortonese, E. (1986) Ostraciontidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M. L., Hureau, J. C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 3. Unesco, Paris, pp. 1340.","Quignard, J. P. & Tomasini, J. A. (2000) Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 7 (3), 1 - 66.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Sistema Naturae per regnia tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species. Tomus I. Regnum Animale. Holmiae, Editio Decima, Reformata, 824 pp.","Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Vol. 3. De l'Imprimerie de Lachevardiere Fils, Paris, pp. 176 - 178.","Tortonese, E. (1979 a) Ostraciontidae. In: Hureau, J. C. & Monod, T. (Eds.), Check-list of the fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (Clofnam). Vol. 1. Unesco, Paris, pp. 644.","Parona, C. (1909) Esistono gli Ostracionidi nel Mediterraneo? A proposito del rinvenimento di Ostracion triqueter Lin. Nelle acque del porto di Genova. Atti della Societa Ligustica di Scienze Naturali e Geografiche, 20, 49 - 57.","Zenetos, A., Gofas, S., Verlaque, M. Cinar, M. E., Garcia Raso, J. E., et al. (2010) Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science, 11 (2), 381 - 493."]}