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1. Depdc5 knockout rat: A novel model of mTORopathy

Author

Elise Marsan, Saeko Ishida, Adrien Schramm, Sarah Weckhuysen, Giuseppe Muraca, Sarah Lecas, Ning Liang, Caroline Treins, Mario Pende, Delphine Roussel, Michel Le Van Quyen, Tomoji Mashimo, Takehito Kaneko, Takashi Yamamoto, Tetsushi Sakuma, Séverine Mahon, Richard Miles, Eric Leguern, Stéphane Charpier, and Stéphanie Baulac

Subjects
DEPDC5, Familial focal epilepsy, Focal cortical dysplasia, mTOR, Rapamycin, Knockout, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

DEP-domain containing 5 (DEPDC5), encoding a repressor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, has recently emerged as a major gene mutated in familial focal epilepsies and focal cortical dysplasia. Here we established a global knockout rat using TALEN technology to investigate in vivo the impact of Depdc5-deficiency. Homozygous Depdc5−/− embryos died from embryonic day 14.5 due to a global growth delay. Constitutive mTORC1 hyperactivation was evidenced in the brains and in cultured fibroblasts of Depdc5−/− embryos, as reflected by enhanced phosphorylation of its downstream effectors S6K1 and rpS6. Consistently, prenatal treatment with mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin rescued the phenotype of Depdc5−/− embryos. Heterozygous Depdc5+/− rats developed normally and exhibited no spontaneous electroclinical seizures, but had altered cortical neuron excitability and firing patterns. Depdc5+/− rats displayed cortical cytomegalic dysmorphic neurons and balloon-like cells strongly expressing phosphorylated rpS6, indicative of mTORC1 upregulation, and not observed after prenatal rapamycin treatment. These neuropathological abnormalities are reminiscent of the hallmark brain pathology of human focal cortical dysplasia. Altogether, Depdc5 knockout rats exhibit multiple features of rodent models of mTORopathies, and thus, stand as a relevant model to study their underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

Published
2016
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2. Ciliogenesis and cell cycle alterations contribute to KIF2A-related malformations of cortical development

Author

Peggy Tilly, Carla Gomes Da Silva, Yoann Saillour, Maria-Victoria Hinckelmann, Hélène Jagline, Jamel Chelly, Giuseppe Muraca, Alexandre Benmerah, Johan G. Gilet, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Nicolas Lebrun, Ekaterina L. Ivanova, Nathalie Drouot, Madeline Louise Reilly, Laure Asselin, Fiona Francis, Laurent Nguyen, Loic Broix, Juliette D. Godin, Richard Belvindrah, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), GIGA-Neurosciences [Université Liège], GIGA [Université Liège], Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Liège, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM - Inserm U1270 - SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Nouvel Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), and Francis, Fiona

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microcephaly, Neurogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Kinesins, Spindle Apparatus, Biology, Microtubules, Interneuron migration, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tubulin, Ciliogenesis, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cilia, Microtubule end, Progenitor cell, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pachygyria, Cell Cycle, Brain, General Medicine, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Malformations of Cortical Development, Repressor Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, HeLa Cells
Abstract

International audience; Genetic findings reported by our group and others showed that de novo missense variants in the KIF2A gene underlie malformations of brain development called pachygyria and microcephaly. Though KIF2A is known as member of the Kinesin-13 family involved in the regulation of microtubule end dynamics through its ATP dependent MT-depolymerase activity, how KIF2A variants lead to brain malformations is still largely unknown. Using cellular and in utero electroporation approaches, we show here that KIF2A disease-causing variants disrupts projection neuron positioning and interneuron migration, as well as progenitors proliferation. Interestingly, further dissection of this latter process revealed that ciliogenesis regulation is also altered during progenitors cell cycle. Altogether, our data suggest that deregulation of the coupling between ciliogenesis and cell cycle might contribute to the pathogenesis of KIF2A-related brain malformations. They also raise the issue whether ciliogenesis defects are a hallmark of other brain malformations, such as those related to tubulins and MT-motor proteins variants.

Published
2018
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3. Second-hit mosaic mutation in mTORC1 repressor DEPDC5 causes focal cortical dysplasia-associated epilepsy

Author

Giuseppe Muraca, Sara Baldassari, Delphine Roussel, Richard B. Miles, Alexandre Bacq, Vincent Navarro, Eric LeGuern, Elise Marsan, Théo Ribierre, Stéphanie Baulac, Charlotte Deleuze, and Mathilde Chipaux

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Somatic cell, Repressor, Biology, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, medicine.disease_cause, Germline, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Germ-Line Mutation, Neurons, Mutation, Concise Communication, GTPase-Activating Proteins, General Medicine, Dendrites, Cortical dysplasia, medicine.disease, DEPDC5, Mice, Mutant Strains, Spine, Malformations of Cortical Development, Repressor Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Dysplasia, Commentary, Female, Epilepsies, Partial, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

DEP domain-containing 5 protein (DEPDC5) is a repressor of the recently recognized amino acid-sensing branch of the mTORC1 pathway. So far, its function in the brain remains largely unknown. Germline loss-of-function mutations in DEPDC5 have emerged as a major cause of familial refractory focal epilepsies, with case reports of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Remarkably, a fraction of patients also develop focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a neurodevelopmental cortical malformation. We therefore hypothesized that a somatic second-hit mutation arising during brain development may support the focal nature of the dysplasia. Here, using postoperative human tissue, we provide the proof of concept that a biallelic 2-hit - brain somatic and germline - mutational mechanism in DEPDC5 causes focal epilepsy with FCD. We discovered a mutation gradient with a higher rate of mosaicism in the seizure-onset zone than in the surrounding epileptogenic zone. Furthermore, we demonstrate the causality of a Depdc5 brain mosaic inactivation using CRISPR-Cas9 editing and in utero electroporation in a mouse model recapitulating focal epilepsy with FCD and SUDEP-like events. We further unveil a key role of Depdc5 in shaping dendrite and spine morphology of excitatory neurons. This study reveals promising therapeutic avenues for treating drug-resistant focal epilepsies with mTORC1-targeting molecules.

Published
2017

4. Beta tubulin isoforms are not interchangeable for rescuing impaired radial migration due to Tubb3 knockdown

Author

Loic Broix, Jamel Chelly, Julien Rucci, Richard Belvindrah, Yoann Saillour, Elodie Bruel-Jungerman, Nicolas Lebrun, Giuseppe Muraca, Karine Poirier, and Fiona Francis

Subjects
Doublecortin Protein, TUBG1, Mutation, Missense, Biology, Mice, Cell Movement, Pregnancy, Tubulin, Microtubule, Bone plate, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Cytoskeleton, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Cerebral Cortex, TUBB3, Gene knockdown, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Phenotype, Cell biology, Malformations of Cortical Development, Electroporation, Gene Knockdown Techniques, biology.protein, Female
Abstract

Over the last years, the critical role of cytoskeletal proteins in cortical development including neuronal migration as well as in neuronal morphology has been well established. Inputs from genetic studies were provided through the identification of several mutated genes encoding either proteins associated with microtubules (DCX, LIS1, KIF2A, KIF5C, DYNC1H1) or tubulin subunits (TUBA1A, TUBB2B, TUBB5 and TUBG1), in malformations of cortical development (MCD). We also reported the identification of missense mutations in TUBB3, the postmitotic neuronal specific tubulin, in six different families presenting either polymicrogyria or gyral disorganization in combination with cerebellar and basal ganglial abnormalities. Here, we investigate further the association between TUBB3 mutations and MCDs by analyzing the consequences of Tubb3 knockdown on cortical development in mice. Using the in utero-electroporation approach, we demonstrate that Tubb3 knockdown leads to delayed bipolar morphology and radial migration with evidence, suggesting that the neuronal arrest is a transient phenomenon overcome after birth. Silenced blocked cells display a round-shape and decreased number of processes and a delay in the acquisition of the bipolar morphology. Also, more Tbr2 positive cells are observed, although less cells express the proliferation marker Ki67, suggesting that Tubb3 inactivation might have an indirect effect on intermediate progenitor proliferation. Furthermore, we show by rescue experiments the non-interchangeability of other beta-tubulins which are unable to rescue the phenotype. Our study highlights the critical and specific role of Tubb3 on the stereotyped morphological changes and polarization processes that are required for initiating radial migration to the cortical plate.

Published
2014
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5. Mosaic parental germline mutations causing recurrent forms of malformations of cortical development

Author

François Artiguenave, Jamel Chelly, Bettina Bessières, Imen Rejeb, Catherine Fallet-Bianco, Giuseppe Muraca, Catheline Vilain, Adrienne Elmorjani, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Nicolas Lebrun, Hélène Maurey, Julia Lauer Zillhardt, Sylvie Odent, Yuri Musizzano, Karine Poirier, Nicole Philip, David Geneviève, Cécile Masson, Stanislas Lyonnet, Yoann Saillour, Robert Olaso, Jelena Martinovic, Jean-François Deleuze, Lucile Pinson, Lamia Ben Jemaa, François Rivier, Juliette Nectoux, Patrick Van Bogaert, Anne Boland, Fabienne Giuliano, Patrick Nitschke, Loic Broix, Nicolas Leboucq, Cherif Beldjord, Nicole Bigi, Olivier Dulac, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de foetopathologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Hôpital Sainte-Justine, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale (U1129), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de génétique clinique [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de génétique, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital l'Archet, Service de Génétique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Génétique Médicale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service Neuropédiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique moléculaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Plate Forme Paris Descartes de Bioinformatique (BIP-D), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de neurologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Hôpital Sainte-Justine-Université de Montréal, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Hôpital Sud, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut d'imagerie biomédicale (I²BM), Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale ( U1129 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes ( IGDR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Hôpital Sud, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] ( PhyMedExp ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ) -Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre National de Génotypage ( CNG ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Plate Forme Paris Descartes de Bioinformatique ( BIP-D ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), and Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Candidate gene, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Short Report, Biology, Bioinformatics, Germline, 03 medical and health sciences, Germline mutation, Genetics, Syntaxin, Humans, Exome, Sibling, Genetics (clinical), Germ-Line Mutation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mosaicism, Qa-SNARE Proteins, Malformation of cortical development, 3. Good health, Pedigree, Malformations of Cortical Development, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, Female
Abstract

International audience; To unravel missing genetic causes underlying monogenic disorders with recurrence in sibling, we explored the hypothesis of parental germline mosaic mutations in familial forms of malformation of cortical development (MCD). Interestingly, four families with parental germline variants, out of 18, were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES), including a variant in a new candidate gene, syntaxin 7. In view of this high frequency, revision of diagnostic strategies and reoccurrence risk should be considered not only for the recurrent forms, but also for the sporadic cases of MCD

Published
2016
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6. Intratracheal Administration of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Fas Reduces Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Author

Luisa Delsedime, Enrico Lupia, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Erica L Martin Conte, V. Marco Ranieri, Federica Civiletti, Barbara Vizio, Giacomo Frati, Ornella Bosco, Andrea Costamagna, Giuseppe Muraca, Vito Fanelli, Giuseppe Rotondo, Del Sorbo, L., Costamagna, A., Muraca, G., Rotondo, G., Civiletti, F., Vizio, B., Bosco, O., Martin Conte, E.L., Frati, G., Delsedime, L., Lupia, E., Fanelli, V., and Ranieri, V.M.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lung Diseases, small interfering ribonucleic acid, Small interfering RNA, Pathology, medicine.medical_treatment, Gene Expression, Apoptosis, nonviral gene delivery system, Pulmonary compliance, Pharmacology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Lung Disease, gene targeting, lung lavage, gene silencing, Mice, Random Allocation, isolated lung, caspase 3, protein cleavage, cytokine, Medicine, Edema, animal, reperfusion injury, Animal, Prospective Studies, RNA, Small Interfering, Fa, medicine.diagnostic_test, messenger RNA, C57BL mouse, drug effect, artificial ventilation, cold ischemia, respiratory system, Fas receptor, myeloperoxidase, Antigens, CD95, medicine.anatomical_structure, cytokine release, priority journal, Reperfusion Injury, ischemia and reperfusion, Cytokines, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, prospective study, medicine.medical_specialty, animal experiment, neutrophil chemotaxi, randomization, Article, animal tissue, histology, biosynthesi, 03 medical and health sciences, small interfering RNA, animal cell, Lung transplantation, Animals, Fas protein, mouse, controlled study, fas Receptor, lung injury, mouse, lung edema, Messenger RNA, nonhuman, Lung, business.industry, animal model, Fas antigen, Apoptosi, acute lung injury, apoptosis, Fas, inflammation, RNA, small interfering RNA, lung hemorrhage, respiratory tract diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Prospective Studie, 030104 developmental biology, Bronchoalveolar lavage, nonviral gene therapy, cytology, business, metabolism
Abstract

Objectives: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the pathologic mechanisms involved in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Fas gene expression in lungs by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA could reduce lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in an ex vivo model reproducing the procedural sequence of lung transplantation. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: C57/BL6 mice weighing 28-30 g. Interventions: Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in lungs isolated from mice, 48 hours after treatment with intratracheal small interfering RNA targeting Fas, control small interfering RNA, or vehicle. Isolated lungs were exposed to 6 hours of cold ischemia (4°C), followed by 2 hours of warm (37°C) reperfusion with a solution containing 10% of fresh whole blood and mechanical ventilation with constant low driving pressure. Measurements and Main Results: Fas gene expression was significantly silenced at the level of messenger RNA and protein after ischemia-reperfusion in lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas compared with lungs treated with control small interfering RNA or vehicle. Silencing of Fas gene expression resulted in reduced edema formation (bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration and lung histology) and improvement in lung compliance. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of pulmonary cell apoptosis of lungs treated with small interfering RNA targeting Fas, which did not affect cytokine release and neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions: Fas expression silencing in the lung by small interfering RNA is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This approach represents a potential innovative strategy of organ preservation before lung transplantation. © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

Published
2016

7. Oxidative stress activates a positive feedback between the γ- and β-secretase cleavages of the β-amyloid precursor protein

Author

Riccardo Autelli, Xiongwei Zhu, Giuseppe Muraca, Oliviero Danni, Roberta Borghi, Mark A. Smith, Manuela Aragno, Mark P. Mattson, George Perry, Michela Guglielmotto, Dong-Gyu Jo, Elena Tamagno, Luca Giliberto, and Massimo Tabaton

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Amyloid beta, MAP Kinase Kinase 4, medicine.disease_cause, Transfection, Biochemistry, Presenilin, Article, Feedback, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Mice, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Amyloid precursor protein, Animals, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Cells, Cultured, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Presenilins, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, Hydrogen Peroxide, medicine.disease, Embryo, Mammalian, Cell biology, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, biology.protein, Alzheimer's disease, Signal transduction, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases, Reactive Oxygen Species, Amyloid precursor protein secretase, Oxidative stress, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Sequential cleavages of the beta-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) by beta-secretase and gamma-secretase generate the amyloid beta-peptides, believed to be responsible of synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Levels of BACE1 are increased in vulnerable regions of the AD brain, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that oxidative stress (OS) stimulates BACE1 expression by a mechanism requiring gamma-secretase activity involving the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-jun pathway. BACE1 levels are increased in response to OS in normal cells, but not in cells lacking presenilins or amyloid precursor protein. Moreover, BACE1 is induced in association with OS in the brains of mice subjected to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion. The OS-induced BACE1 expression correlates with an activation of JNK and c-jun, but is absent in cultured cells or mice lacking JNK. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which OS induces BACE1 transcription, thereby promoting production of pathological levels of amyloid beta in AD.

Published
2007

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