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4 results on '"Giulia Faolotto"'

1. Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection

Author

Maria Grazia Crobu, Paolo Ravanini, Clotilde Impaloni, Claudia Martello, Olivia Bargiacchi, Christian Di Domenico, Giulia Faolotto, Paola Macaluso, Alessio Mercandino, Miriam Riggi, Vittorio Quaglia, Stefano Andreoni, Mario Pirisi, and Carlo Smirne

Subjects
hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, propagation, anti-HBc, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Previous studies reported that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) could help disseminate the hepatitis D virus (HDV) in vivo through the unrelated hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with essentially inconclusive results. To try to shed light on this still-debated topic, 146 anti-HCV-positive subjects (of whom 91 HCV/HIV co-infected, and 43 with prior HCV eradication) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies (anti-HD), after careful selection for negativity to any serologic or virologic marker of current or past HBV infection. One single HCV/HIV co-infected patient (0.7%) tested highly positive for anti-HD, but with no positive HDV-RNA. Her husband, in turn, was a HCV/HIV co-infected subject with a previous contact with HBV. While conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors attempted to exhaustively describe the medical history of both the anti-HD-positive patient and her partner, believing it to be the key to dissecting the possible complex mechanisms of HDV transmission from one subject to another, and speculating that in the present case, it may have been HCV itself that behaved as an HDV helper virus. In conclusion, this preliminary research, while needing further validation in large prospective studies, provided some further evidence of a role of HCV in HDV dissemination in humans.

Published
2024
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2. A novel negevirus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Finland

Author

Phuoc Truong Nguyen, Maija Suvanto, Olli Vapalahti, Teemu Smura, Essi M. Korhonen, Ruut Uusitalo, Eili Huhtamo, Giulia Faolotto, Department of Virology, Medicum, Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, and HUSLAB

Subjects
viruses, Insect Viruses, Genome, Viral, Biology, Cell Line, Open Reading Frames, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Annotated Sequence Record, Aedes, Virology, RNA polymerase, Animals, RNA Viruses, Amino Acid Sequence, ORFS, Peptide sequence, Finland, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Aedes vexans, Genomic organization, 11832 Microbiology and virology, 0303 health sciences, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Virion membrane, RNA, General Medicine, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, biology.organism_classification, TAXON, 3. Good health, chemistry, RNA, Viral, INSECT-SPECIFIC VIRUSES, Animal Distribution, GC-content, GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION
Abstract

Negeviruses are insect-specific enveloped RNA viruses that have been detected in mosquitoes and sandflies from various geographical locations. Here, we describe a new negevirus from Northern Europe, isolated from pool of Aedes vexans mosquitoes collected in Finland, designated as Mekrijärvi negevirus (MEJNV). MEJNV had a typical negevirus genome organization, is 9,740 nucleotides in length, and has a GC content of 47.53%. The MEJNV genome contains three ORFs, each containing the following identified conserved domains: ORF1 (7,068 nt) encodes a viral methyltransferase, an FtsJ-like methyltransferase, a viral RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ORF2 (1,242 nt) encodes a putative virion glycoprotein, and ORF3 (660 nt) encodes a putative virion membrane protein. A distinctive feature relative to other currently known negeviruses is a 7-nucleotide-long overlap between ORF1 and ORF2. MEJNV shares the highest sequence identity with Ying Kou virus from China, with 67.71% nucleotide and 75.19% and 59.00% amino acid sequence identity in ORF 1 and ORF 2, respectively. ORF3 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity to Daeseongdong virus 1 and negevirus Nona 1, both with 77.61% identity, and to Ying Kou virus, with 71.22% identity. MEJNV is currently the northernmost negevirus described. Our report supports the view that negeviruses are a globally distributed, diverse group of viruses that can be found from mosquitoes in a wide range of terrestrial biomes from tropical to boreal forests.

Published
2020

3. Evaluation of a new diagnostic method for quantification of EBV and HHV-6 viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage

Author

Filippo Patrucco, Jessica Montemezzo, Maria G. Crobu, Francesco Gavelli, Matteo Daverio, Piero Emilio Balbo, Luigi Mario Castello, Linda Ferrari, Giulia Faolotto, and Paolo Ravanini

Subjects
Bronchoalveolar lavage, Diagnostic methods, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Immunology, Medicine, Bioengineering, business, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Viral load, Biotechnology
Published
2019

4. Interferon signature in immunosuppressed patients with lower respiratory tract infections: dosage on bronchoalveolar lavage

Author

Paolo Ravanini, Francesco Gavelli, Matteo Daverio, Filippo Patrucco, Linda Ferrari, Mattia Bellan, Paola Montanari, Livia Salmi, Massimiliano Bergallo, Luigi Mario Castello, Giulia Faolotto, and Piero Emilio Balbo

Subjects
Male, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Transcription, Genetic, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1, Gene Expression, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Gene expression, Gammaherpesvirinae, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Respiratory tract infections, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, RNA-Binding Proteins, Herpesviridae Infections, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cytokines, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, medicine.drug, Adult, Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors, Population, Virus, Immunocompromised Host, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Antigens, education, Ubiquitins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Membrane Proteins, Proteins, biology.organism_classification, ISG15, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Immunology, Virus Activation, Interferons, business
Abstract

Background Interferon signature (IS) is the measure of transcripts belonging to pathways of interferon activation. Viral infections can interfere with the interferon pathway, in particular herpesvirus present in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of our study was to evaluate if herpesvirus infections in immunocompromised patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) could lead to IS alterations. Methods We measured IS transcription of six genes on bronchoalveolar lavage of immunocompromised patients with LRTI (IFI27, IFI44, IFIT1, ISG15, RSAD2, SIGLEC1). Patients were divided in three groups based on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other herpesviruses coinfections. Results We included 56 patients, 10 without and 17 with only EBV reactivation (respectively N and E groups) and 29 with EBV and other herpesviruses (group C). IS was higher in group C (P=0.01) compared to other ones, but single gene expressions were different among groups: IFI27 was higher whereas IFIT1 and ISG15 were lower in group C (P Conclusions The continuous stimulation of interferon cascade by herpesviruses enhances IS. The analysis of IS in immunocompromised population is possible by limiting the use of IFI27, IFIT1, ISG15 genes. Our preliminary results seem to indicate that IS is a useful biomarker of cellular response to herpesvirus infection in immunocompromised patients.

Published
2019

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