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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. In this study, we explored the risk factors and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among cancer patients and patients with blood cell disorders in Iran. We collected serum samples from each participant include 600 clinically healthy individuals, 127 patients with different types of cancer, 294 patients with red blood cell disorders, and 101 patients with white blood cell disorders and tested for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits and analyzed the results statistically.Out of the 1122 participants ,seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among all patients with different disorders , patients with white blood cell disorders, patients with red blood cell disorders and patients with different types of cancer 9.97% , 17.82%, 11.57% and 7.09% were reported respectiveiy.Awareness campaign to educate blood cell disorders patients regarding contact with pets is salient to the reduction of the Toxoplasma burden. In addition, it is pertinent to screen patients with cancers to rule out Toxoplasma infections.

Introduction. Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by migrating nematode worms, Toxocara species larvae, within tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers for toxocariasis are emerging, but there is limited information about the role of many miRNAs and a more detailed diagnostic evaluation of miRNA expression patterns is needed to understand their immunobiological function. Aim. We investigated the expression levels of circulating miRNA 21 and miRNA 103a as potential biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of toxocariasis in Wistar rats infected with Toxocara canis. Methodology. Thirty Wistar rats were inoculated orally with 2500 T. canis embryonated eggs via gavage. Serum samples were collected from infected animals and were tested against T. canis antigens for 60 days post-infection. The plasma samples were isolated for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays and qPCR was used to assess transcription levels of miRNA 21 and miRNA 103a. Results. The prevalence of anti-Toxocara IgG was detected in 7/30 (23.3 %) infected rats. Molecular analysis of miRNAs 21 and 103a showed that expression levels of miRNAs in both groups of Toxocara-positive and negative samples were the same without significant association. The ratio of housekeeping gene expression (U6) to gene expression of miRNAs 21 and 103a indicated the rate of change (1/1.38 ≈ 0.75 and 1/0.751 ≈ 1.3, respectively). Conclusion. Our study revealed that miRNAs 21 and 103a might play fundamental roles as biomarkers and diagnostic tools for toxocariasis. However, the changes in expression of these miRNAs were not adequate to be used as biomarkers in diagnosis.

The emerging infectious diseases and their number one causes pose a challenge to international stability worldwide. The epidemic of emerging and re-emerging diseases causes many problems for health systems, especially for the medical staff, which require global action in this regard. Emerging infectious diseases are a growing problem for the global community that accompanies the increasing danger of severe health, environmental, economic, and social impacts. An ideal emerging disease preparedness and response environment would strive for collaboration among all sectors impacted by the area unit as a business and social commitment to enhance the capacity of nations and communities to respond to threats as they arise. This article highlights the significant issues that should be considered in emerging and re‐emerging diseases, which could help the policymakers to set effective policies for dealing with the diseases and to evaluate the impact of previous health interventions better at the community level.

Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common protozoan diseases in both developing and developed countries. Human infection occurred by incidental ingestion of oocyst-contaminated food, water, soil or tissue of raw meat. Studies of infection in Iranian children are infrequent. In this study, we investigated seroprevalence, and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among children under 15 years old in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Southeastern Iran. Materials and methods 869 sera samples were investigated for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by ELISA. Moreover, the participant's data were collected to study their association with infection. Data analysis for this study was performed using the SPSS software version 20. Results T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 16.2% (141/869) of children in this study. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, age, male gender, contact with animal pets and white blood cells (WBC) count were significantly associated with toxoplasmosis (P Conclusion Our study showed relatively high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among children in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Our data considered a vital tool for healthcare authorities. Further investigations are needed in different part of Iran especially among high-risk groups of toxoplasmosis.

Toxocara is one of the most prevalent nematodes in Iran, which infect humans as an intermediate host. Infection complications result from the larva migration. Human toxocariasis prevalence was various in Iran according to the area of study and population. This study was designed to evaluate the seropositivity of Toxocara IgG in patients with blood disorders and cancer patients in southwest Iran. Moreover, the study of the associated risk factors for this infection. A total of 1122 serum samples, from February 8, 2019 to August 21, 2019, including 600 healthy individuals and 522 individuals with cancer and blood disorders patients were collected. Serum samples were collected for detection of Toxocara IgG by using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Sociodemographic data of all participants were collected and examined to determine their association with the infection. Out of 101 individuals with white blood cell disorders (5.94%), red blood cell disorders (7.48%) and cancer patients (11.06%) were seropositive for Toxocara IgG antibodies. The infection rate among all study population revealed that (10.76%) were positive for Toxocara IgG. This study showed the fundamental role of contact with pets and infection in groups with blood cell disorders (P-value ≤ 0.05%); while in cancer patients the association wasn’t significant. Other factors such as age, location of residence, and sex showed that the association with this infection wasn't significant.