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Supplementary Materials, Figures S1-4, Table S1: Supplementary materials and methods Supplementary Fig. S1. Treatment with anti-IL-17 antibodies inhibits the growth of murine TC-1 tumors. Supplementary Fig. S2. Blockade of IL-17 does not alter the expression of IFN-γ in animals with metastatic mammary tumor. Supplementary Fig. S3. Expression of IL-17A in the tumor tissue of the mice treated or not with anti-Ly6G or anti-IL-6 mAbs. Supplementary Fig. S4. Gene expression profiles of samples from patients with invasive breast tumor. Supplementary Table S1. Primer sequences used in the study.

Supplementary Tables S2-5. Supplementary Table S2. Up-regulated gene expression microarray data in IL-17 treated 67NR cells information related Figure 6. Supplementary Table S3. Down-regulated gene expression microarray data in IL-17 treated 67NR cells information related Figure 6. Supplementary Table S4. Up-regulated gene expression microarray data in IL-17hi sample information related Figure 7. ( Supplementary Table S5. Down-regulated gene expression microarray data in IL-17lo sample information related Figure 7.

Neste e-book, apresentamos parte deste desenvolvimento, organizado conforme as três áreas de investigação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos (PosLin), da Faculdade de Letras (FALE), na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Os 23 textos que compõem este volume são resultado de pesquisas de mestrado e de doutorado desenvolvidas no PosLin e são apresentados por textos breves de professores-pesquisadores convidados e/ou que atuaram como debatedores no XII SETED.

Interferon (IFN) signaling is key to mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract, but cellular regulatory elements that determine interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated antimicrobial defense in intestinal epithelial cells are not fully understood. We report here that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), GenBank accession no. XR_001779380, was increased in abundance in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium, an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a common cause of diarrhea in young children. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected intestinal epithelial cells was triggered by TLR4/NF-κB/Cdc42 signaling and epithelial-specific transcription factor Elf3. XR_001779380 primed epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription through facilitating Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling. Interactions between XR_001779380 and Prdm1, which is expressed in neonatal but not adult intestinal epithelium, attenuated Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling induced by IFN-γ, contributing to suppression of IFN-γ-mediated epithelial defense in neonatal intestine. Our data demonstrate that XR_001779380 is an important regulator in IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription and age-associated intestinal epithelial antimicrobial defense. IMPORTANCE Epithelial cells along the mucosal surface provide the front line of defense against luminal pathogen infection in the gastrointestinal tract. These epithelial cells represent an integral component of a highly regulated communication network that can transmit essential signals to cells in the underlying intestinal mucosa that, in turn, serve as targets of mucosal immune mediators. LncRNAs are recently identified long noncoding transcripts that can regulate gene transcription through their interactions with other effect molecules. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA XR_001779380 was upregulated in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by a mucosal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected cells primed host epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription, relevant to age-dependent intestinal antimicrobial defense. Our data provide new mechanistic insights into how intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate intestinal mucosal defense against microbial infection.

Increasing evidence supports that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification may play an important role in regulating immune responses. Intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate gastrointestinal mucosal innate defense to microbial infection, but underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we present data demonstrating significant alterations in the topology of host m6A mRNA methylome in intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium parvum, a coccidian parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes a self-limited disease in immunocompetent individuals but a life-threatening diarrheal disease in AIDS patients. Altered m6A methylation in mRNAs in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection is associated with downregulation of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 and the fat mass and obesity-associated protein with the involvement of NF-кB signaling. Functionally, m6A methylation statuses influence intestinal epithelial innate defense against C. parvum infection. Specifically, expression levels of immune-related genes, such as the immunity-related GTPase family M member 2 and interferon gamma induced GTPase, are increased in infected cells with a decreased m6A mRNA methylation. Our data support that intestinal epithelial cells display significant alterations in the topology of their m6A mRNA methylome in response to C. parvum infection with the involvement of activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway, a process that modulates expression of specific immune-related genes and contributes to fine regulation of epithelial antimicrobial defense.

OBJETIVO: Construir e validar um aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel para guiar passo a passo o procedimento de aspiração da cânula endotraqueal e vias aéreas superiores. MÉTODOS: O aplicativo foi validado por 48 profissionais utilizando a técnica Delphi. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o índice de Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: no primeiro ciclo de avaliação, os itens do conteúdo do aplicativo Asptraqueal foram considerados pelos juízes como “inadequados” a “totalmente adequados”. Após implementados os ajustes sugeridos pelos juízes, o conteúdo do aplicativo Asptraqueal foi reenviado para o segundo ciclo de avaliação, no qual todos os itens foram julgados “adequados” ou “totalmente adequados”. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo variou entre 0,87 e 1,0, tal resultado caracteriza o conteúdo entre ótimo e excelente. A média do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach foi 0,86, determinando boa consistência interna do instrumento utilizado para validação do aplicativo. CONCLUSÃO: O aplicativo Asptraqueal- App foi validado por profissional com experiência na área, mostrando concordância do conteúdo entre os juízes na segunda avaliação. O aplicativo desenvolvido poderá dar suporte a ações educativas em saúde, contribuindo para que o profissional possa realizar aspiração do tubo endotraqueal e de vias aéreas superiores, com mínimo risco, sem dano e eventos adversos.

Objetivo: desenvolver um aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel para guiar, passo-a-passo, o procedimento de aspiração da cânula endotraqueal e das vias aéreas superiores. Método: estudo metodológico. A estrutura do aplicativo foi desenvolvida em 4 etapas: (1) identificação das necessidades do desenvolvimento do aplicativo, visto que alguns profissionais e cuidadores realizam a técnica de aspiração inadequadamente; (2) desenvolvimento do protótipo do aplicativo com base em revisão integrativa da literatura; (3) construção do aplicativo com a elaboração de árvores de decisão, algoritmos, estruturação do banco de dados e desenvolvimento do software; e (4) realização de testes de funcionalidade. Resultados: o aplicativo desenvolvido é composto por 81 telas com 52 ilustrações. Os testes de usabilidade, desempenho, compatibilidade e funcional foram realizados em 2 tipos de notebook, 6 tipos de smartphone e 2 tipos de tablete. Cinco problemas foram detectados e corrigidos antes do aplicativo ser disponibilizado ao usuário. O aplicativo deu entrada no registro de programa de computador no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (processo número BR512018052435-4). Conclusão: foi desenvolvido o aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel (Asptraqueal-App) para apoio a procedimentos de aspiração do tubo endotraqueal e de vias aéreas superiores, o qual poderá ter grande utilidade para cuidadores e profissionais de saúde.

The gastrointestinal epithelium guides the immune system to differentiate between commensal and pathogenic microbiota, which relies on intimate links with the type I IFN signal pathway. Epithelial cells along the epithelium provide the front line of host defense against pathogen infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Increasing evidence supports the regulatory potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in immune defense but their role in regulating intestinal epithelial antimicrobial responses is still unclear. Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite that infects intestinal epithelial cells, is an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Recent advances in Cryptosporidium research have revealed a strong type I IFN response in infected intestinal epithelial cells. We previously identified a panel of host cell lncRNAs that are upregulated in murine intestinal epithelial cells following microbial challenge. One of these lncRNAs, NR_033736, is upregulated in intestinal epithelial cells following Cryptosporidium infection and displays a significant suppressive effect on type I IFN-controlled gene transcription in infected host cells. NR_033736 can be assembled into the ISGF3 complex and suppresses type I IFN-mediated gene transcription. Interestingly, upregulation of NR_033736 itself is triggered by the type I IFN signaling. Moreover, NR_033736 modulates epithelial anti-Cryptosporidium defense. Our data suggest that upregulation of NR_033736 provides negative feedback regulation of type I IFN signaling through suppression of type I IFN-controlled gene transcription, and consequently, contributing to fine-tuning of epithelial innate defense against microbial infection., Author summary Intestinal epithelial cells are an important component of gastrointestinal mucosal immunity. They generate various types of barriers to protect the intestinal mucosa from commensal microbes or invading pathogenic microorganisms. Upon microbial infection, intestinal epithelial cells quickly initiate a series of innate immune reactions, including production of antimicrobial molecules and release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. These chemokines and cytokines of epithelial cell origin may mobilize and activate immune effector cells to the infection sites. One family of these cytokines are type I IFNs (e.g., IFN-α/β), which not only activate other immune effector cells at gastrointestinal mucosa but also stimulate epithelial function through ligation of receptors expressed on intestinal epithelial cells themselves in an autocrine manner. Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Recent advances in Cryptosporidium research have revealed a strong type I IFN response in infected intestinal epithelium. In this study, we provide data demonstrating an important role for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating type I IFN signaling in intestinal epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium infection. LncRNAs are recently identified long non-coding transcripts (>200 nt) that are not translated into protein. We found that upregulation of one host cell lncRNA, NR_033736, displays a significant suppressive effect on type I IFN-controlled gene transcription in intestinal epithelial cells following infection, contributing to the fine-tuning of epithelial anti-Cryptosporidium defense. Our data suggest a new arm of feedback regulation for type I IFN signaling through lncRNA-mediated gene transcription, contributing to fine-tuning of epithelial innate defense against microbial infection in the gastrointestinal tract.

Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic intestinal pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a central role in activating and orchestrating host immune responses against Cryptosporidium infection, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We report in this paper that C. parvum infection causes significant alterations in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Transcription of a panel of lncRNA genes, including NR_045064, in infected cells is controlled by the NF-κB signaling. Functionally, inhibition of NR_045064 induction increases parasite burden in intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of NR_045064 enhances the transcription of selected defense genes in host cells following C. parvum infection. Epigenetic histone modifications are involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in infected host cells. Moreover, the p300/MLL-associated chromatin remodeling is involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection. Expression of NR_045064 and associated genes is also identified in intestinal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice following phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide or LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrate that lncRNAs, such as NR_045064, play a role in regulating epithelial defense against microbial infection.

Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic intestinal pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a central role in activating and orchestrating host immune responses against Cryptosporidium infection but underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We report here that C. parvum infection causes significant alterations in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Transcription of a panel of lncRNA genes, including NR_045064, in infected cells is controlled by the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Functionally, inhibition of NR_045064 induction increases parasite burden in intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of NR_045064 enhances the transcription of selected defense genes in host cells following C. parvum infection. Epigenetic histone modifications are involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in infected host cells. Moreover, the p300/MLL-associated chromatin remodeling is involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection. Expression of NR_045064 and associated genes is also identified in intestinal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice following phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Our data demonstrate that lncRNAs, such as NR_045064, play a role in regulating epithelial defense against microbial infection.

Due to the energy crisis caused by the progressive depletion of fossil fuel sources, the search for alternative fuels from renewable sources is in growing demand. Therefore, the manufacturing of biodiesel from fish waste might help the environment as an alternative for the reduction of residues that are harmful if incorrectly disposed. Biodiesel from residual oil of tilapia waste was manufactured by means of transesterification, basic catalysis and methyl route. This study assessed mandatory parameters regulated by the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) for biodiesel commercialization. It also determined values for specific mass, kinematic viscosity, water content, acidity level, flash point, oxidative stability and calorific value of fish oil biodiesel. Biodiesel calorific value analysis reported levels that are similar to those of diesel. Other parameters that characterize fish oil biodiesel physically and chemically according to specifications of ANP resolution No. 7/2008 were evaluated, and indicated that fish oil is a promising alternative for biodiesel manufacturing.

Fish oil shows up as an alternative for the recovery of waste from processing of tilapia as a way of adding value to this raw material for biodiesel production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the yield and acid number of tilapia oil according to the type of waste used as well as to estimate its potential for biodiesel production as a function of the oil obtained. The waste consisted of fish viscera, fins, heads, skin, scales and mix of all residues mentioned. Such residues were provided by COPACOL’s (Consolata Agro industrial Cooperative) fish refrigerator and kept refrigerated for 24 h. Then oil was obtained by means of cooking and waste pressing. It was not possible to obtain oil from the scales and skin of tilapia by the method used. Fish viscera presented oil content of 22% and the mix of residues had a content of 6.12%. The oil obtained from the viscera showed unsuitable acidity for the production of biodiesel by transesterification, requiring a process of neutralization in order to be processed into biodiesel. The remaining residues, except waste mix, were suitable for the acid transesterification and biodiesel production. Fish oil has potential for biodiesel production from tilapia processing waste. The oil obtained from the viscera presented the highest potential to produce biodiesel per ton of waste processed (217 l), followed by the oil obtained from fish heads (91 l) and mixed waste (60 l), showing that it is possible to convert waste into biodiesel, which can totally or partially replace the use of diesel.

The quality of the biodiesel is of most importance for the success in the marketing of this fuel. Among the qualitative parameters there is the kinematic viscosity that can be affected due to the degradation of biofuel. Such degradation occurs on account of the weather changing and also because of some catalytic agents. Because of that the stability to oxidation was denominated as a factor which relates the resistance level of the product to the different oxidizing agents. The present work aimed to study the oxidative stability of the biodiesel produced of the crambe and the soybean vegetal oil. The techniques of infrared spectroscopy, refractive index and kinematic viscosity were used to monitor the level of oxidation of the biodiesels. The biodiesels were submitted to a thermal stress in an incubator, at 130 °C for a final period of 22 h of study, and were contaminated with iron and bronze filings. The viscometric studies showed that the crambe biodiesel is more stable than the soybean biodiesel at the end of their exposure to the thermal stress, as well as that the addition of 5% and 10% of crambe biodiesel lowers the viscometric alteration in about 43.9% regarding the pure soybean biodiesel. By observing the index of refraction it was verified that the alteration in the soybean biodiesel contaminated with bronze was enhanced when compared to the pure biodiesel and the biodiesel contaminated with iron. As for the pure crambe biodiesel and the biodiesel contaminated with iron, the alteration in the index of refraction is minimum, it is only significant for the biodiesel contaminated with bronze, but lower, however than the one observed for the soybean/bronze biodiesel.

To evaluate the radiopacity, bond strength, and micromorphology of experimental filled dental adhesives.Five experimental filled dental adhesives with different concentrations of radiopaque barium-borosilicate glass (wt%) [0 (R0), 30 (R30), 40 (R40), 50 (R50), and 60 (R60)] and the commercial adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 were used in this study. Specimens were prepared by dispensing the uncured resin into a mold (5.0 mm x 1.0 mm). Digital radiographs (n = 5) of both 1-mm-thick adhesive specimens and tooth were taken with a CCD sensor. The gray levels of enamel, dentin, and adhesive systems were measured by histogram analysis and compared. Adhesives were applied to flat dentin surfaces of third molars (n = 7). Resin composite buildups were constructed and sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks to test immediately or after 6 months of water storage. Three specimens for each tooth were qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Data on bond strength and radiopacity were evaluated by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).All experimental filled dental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel (p0.05) and most yielded significant reductions of bond strength over time. However, the R30 produced a radiopaque material without jeopardizing the bonding of the material to the dentin substrate.The addition of 30% barium-borosilicate oxide produced radiopaque adhesives without jeopardizing the bonding to the dental substrate.

O estudo de fontes alternativas de energia ao óleo diesel mineral, como o biodiesel, com origem renovável, é importante para o meio-ambiente e diversificação da matriz energética. Neste estudo foram levantados o consumo específico de combustível, o valor calórico do combustível e a eficiência do conjunto motor gerador da marca BRANCO em função de cargas resistivas, sob as seguintes proporções volumétricas entre o óleo diesel mineral com biodiesel: 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60) e 100% de biodiesel (B100). Para o ensaio utilizou-se motor de 7,36 kW, com gerador elétrico acoplado de 5,5 kW. As cargas utilizadas, 0,5 kW; 1,0 kW; 1,5 kW e 2,0 kW foram elevadas até 5,0 kW, oriundas de um dinamômetro de cargas resistentes. Assim, o desempenho do conjunto para cargas abaixo de 1,5 kW mostrou-se menor, pelo maior consumo específico de combustível (CEC), e redução na eficiência do conjunto motor gerador para a faixa de potência. Para as proporções de biodiesel B40, B60 e B100 os resultados descreveram redução no valor calórico e aumento do CEC. Portanto, realizando comparação das proporções de biodiesel com o óleo diesel, a proporção B20 substitui parcialmente o óleo diesel, sem perdas significativas do desempenho do motor gerador.The study of mineral diesel alternatives, such as biodiesel, a renewable fuel, is important for the environment and to diversify energy sources. This study evaluated an engine-generator BRANCO brand. Specific fuel consumption, calorific value and the overall efficiency as a function of the system load was measured, using diesel oil and biodiesel blends. The biodiesel proportions in the composition were 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100). The engine that was used during the test has a power of 7.36 kW, and the electric generator was 5.5 kW. The group was submitted to resistive loading, in the range: 0.5 kW, 1.0 kW, 1.5 kW; growing up to 5.0 kW. The results have shown that, when operating at lower loads (less than 1.5 kW), the engine-generator performance decreased, while the specific consumption increased, leading to an efficiency reduction. The biodiesel proportions B40, B60 and B100 described reduction in caloric value and increased the specific fuel consumption. Therefore, comparing the proportions of biodiesel with diesel oil, the proportion B20 replaced diesel oil without significant losses in engine-generator performance.

R ESU M O O estudo de fontes alternativas de energia ao oleo diesel mineral, como o biodiesel, com origem renovavel, e importante para o meio-ambiente e diversificacao da matriz energetica. Neste estudo foram levantados o consumo especifico de combustivel, o valor calorico do combustivel e a eficiencia do conjunto motor gerador da marca BRANCO em funcao de cargas resistivas, sob as seguintes proporcoes volumetricas entre o oleo diesel mineral com biodiesel: 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60) e 100% de biodiesel (B100). Para o ensaio utilizou-se motor de 7,36 kW, com gerador eletrico acoplado de 5,5 kW. As cargas utilizadas, 0,5 kW; 1,0 kW; 1,5 kW e 2,0 kW foram elevadas ate 5,0 kW, oriundas de um dinamometro de cargas resistentes. Assim, o desempenho do conjunto para cargas abaixo de 1,5 kW mostrou-se menor, pelo maior consumo especifico de combustivel (CEC), e reducao na eficiencia do conjunto motor gerador para a faixa de potencia. Para as proporcoes de biodiesel B40, B60 e B100 os resultados descreveram reducao no valor calorico e aumento do CEC. Portanto, realizando comparacao das proporcoes de biodiesel com o oleo diesel, a proporcao B20 substitui parcialmente o oleo diesel, sem perdas significativas do desempenho do motor gerador. Palavras-chave: consumo especifico de combustivel, valor calorico, eficiencia do conjunto motor gerador Engine-generator diesel cycle under five proportions of biodiesel and diesel A B ST R A C T The study of mineral diesel alternatives, such as biodiesel, a renewable fuel, is important for the environment and to diversify energy sources. This study evaluated an engine-generator BRANCO brand. Specific fuel consumption, calorific value and the overall efficiency as a function of the system load was measured, using diesel oil and biodiesel blends. The biodiesel proportions in the composition were 0% (B0), 20% (B20), 40% (B40), 60% (B60), and 100% (B100). The engine that was used during the test has a power of 7.36 kW, and the electric generator was 5.5 kW. The group was submitted to resistive loading, in the range: 0.5 kW, 1.0 kW, 1.5 kW; growing up to 5.0 kW. The results have shown that, when operating at lower loads (less than 1.5 kW), the engine-generator performance decreased, while the specific consumption increased, leading to an efficiency reduction. The biodiesel proportions B40, B60 and B100 described reduction in caloric value and increased the specific fuel consumption. Therefore, comparing the proportions of biodiesel with diesel oil, the proportion B20 replaced diesel oil without significant losses in engine-generator performance.

Objectives: Objective: To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on the microle-akage (µL) and axial gap width (AG) of Class V bonded restorations in premolars using self-etching adhesive systems. The bond strength of composite restorations to dentin (µTBS) using the same adhesives was also evaluated in third molars after water storage: 24 h and 6 months. The research hypotheses were tested for the results of two self-etching adhesives in comparison when a conven-tional two-step adhesive was used: (1) the µL and AG would be lower, regardless of TMC; (2) the µTBS of self-etching adhesives would be higher, irrespective of evaluation times. Methods: Sixty Class V composite restorations were made in 30 premolars and bonded with Ad-per Single Bond 2 (ASB2), AdheSE (ASE), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL-P) (n=20). Dentin µL and AG were immediately measured for half of the sample. The other half was evaluated after TMC. Eighteen third molars were also selected and bonded using the same adhesives to test the µTBS to dentin. Specimens were evaluated after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. Results: No differences in µL and AG were found among the groups (P>.05). The µTBS mean val-ues were: ASB2>ASE>APL-P (P

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união (RU) de um sistema adesivo convencional (Adper™ Single Bond 2 [SB]) e de dois autocondicionantes (Adper™ SE Plus [SE] e AdheSE® [AD]) em dentina superficial (DS) e profunda (DP), nos tempos imediato (IM) e após 6 meses (6M) de armazenamento em água. Superfícies oclusais de 24 terceiros molares humanos foram seccionadas e smear layer padronizada. Após procedimentos adesivos, realizaram-se restaurações em resina composta sobre as superfícies dos dentes, que foram seccionados obtendo-se espécimes em forma de palitos (0,7 + 0,1 mm2). Os espécimes foram testados por meio do ensaio de microtração (0,5 mm/min), IM e após 6M de armazenamento em água. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA 3 fatores e pós-teste de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Na avaliação IM da RU, apenas o fator “adesivo” foi significativo (p0,05). Conclui-se que diferentes níveis de profundidade dentinária podem afetar a RU para o mesmo material e que o fator tempo pode influenciar a degradação do sistema adesivo.

A eficiência do sistema de rotação de cultura requer, entre outrostratamentos, a escolha adequada das espécies a serem instaladas. Culturas vegetais podem apresentar compostos aleloquímicos, os quais são liberados por meio de pelos radiculares, sementes, raízes, colmos e folhas, em quantidades variáveis, capazes de interferir nas culturas subsequentes, comprometendo a produção. Assim, este estudoanalisou o potencial alelopático de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) (AP), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) (NF), ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) (ER), azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (AZ) e consórcio (CO - AP+ER+NF) na germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de soja. O experimento foi em laboratório, com substrato deareia, onde foram cultivadas plantas de cobertura, por 30 dias, mantendo os restos radiculares das plantas com e sem restos de parte aérea. Observou-se redução na emergência de plântulas de soja sob CO, AZ e AP. O índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), a porcentagem de emergência em areia (EA) e a massa fresca de hipocótilo (MFH) foram afetados negativamente pelas plantas de cobertura.In order to be efficient, the crop rotation system requires, among other factors, an adequate choice of species to be installed. Vegetalcultures can feature allelochemical compounds, released by root hairs, roots, stems and leaves in variable amounts, which are able to interfere on subsequent cultures, as well as cause a delay in their production. Thus, this study analyzed the allelopathic potentialof black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (BO), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.) (FT), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (V), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (RG) and consortium (CO - BO+V+FT) on soybean seed germination and plantlet growth. This trial was carried out in a laboratory, with sand substrate, where coverage plants were grown, during 30 days. The remaining root portions of plants were kept with and without the remaining aerial part portions. A reduction was observed on the emergence of soybean plantlets under CO, RG and BO. The emergence speed index (ESI), emergence percentage on sand (ES) and the green mass of hypocotyls (GMH) were negatively affected bycoverage plants, and due to this, another study is essential to verify whether there is an indication of the allelopathic effect.

Chitin degradation is a key step in the cycling of nutrients in marine ecosystems and chitinolytic bacteria are the primary agents of this process. Chitinases, produced by bacteria, have potential applications in agriculture, medicine and in a wide range of biotechnological processes. We utilized a simple, rapid and cost-effective method of colloidal chitin preparation and a culture medium, in which colloidal chitin is the sole carbon source for the purpose of counting and isolating chitinolytic bacteria from seawater and plankton. This culture medium could be useful to isolate bacteria with the ability to produce extracellular chitinases for biotechnological applications.

T cell-specific deletion of Blimp-1 causes abnormal T cell homeostasis and function, leading to spontaneous, fatal colitis in mice. Herein we explore the role of Blimp-1 in Th1/Th2 differentiation. Blimp-1 mRNA and protein are more highly expressed in Th2 cells compared with Th1 cells, and Blimp-1 attenuates IFN-γ production in CD4 cells activated under nonpolarizing conditions. Although Blimp-1-deficient T cells differentiate normally to Th2 cytokines in vitro, Blimp-1 is required in vivo for normal Th2 humoral responses to NP-KLH (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl/keyhole lymphocyte hemocyanin) immunization. Lack of Blimp-1 in CD4 T cells causes increased IFN-γ, T-bet, and Bcl-6 mRNA. By chromatin immunoprecipitation we show that Blimp-1 binds directly to a distal regulatory region in the ifng gene and at multiple sites in tbx21 and bcl6 genes. Our data provide evidence that Blimp-1 functions in Th2 cells to reinforce Th2 differentiation by repressing critical Th1 genes.

Este trabalho avaliou lâminas de irrigação no crescimento da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) para obtenção de minimilho, determinadas pela evapotranspiração da cultura, baseadas na evaporação da água do Tanque “Classe A” e aplicadas quando a evapotranspiração atingia os valores acumulados: T1 - 15 mm, T2 - 30 mm, T3 - 45 mm e T4 - 60 mm. Foi utilizado delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística, pelo programa Sisvar, determinando-se análise de variância. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey e pela análise de regressão. Foramselecionadas cinco plantas por parcela para análise das características de crescimento: estatura da planta (EP), número de folhas (NF), área foliar (AF) e índice de área foliar (IAF). Observaram-se diferenças significativas nos valores de AF e IAF. O aumento nas lâminas de irrigação e na freqüência de aplicação implicou em maiores valores AF.This research evaluated the variation of depth irrigation in the maize culture growth (Zea mays L.) for obtaining the baby corn, determined from the culture evapotranspiration, based on class A pan evaporation and applied when the evapotranspiration reached follow theaccumulated values: T1 - 15 mm, T2 - 30 mm, T3 - 45 mm and T4 - 60 mm. The statistical design was the outlinement completely whit four treatments and whit five repetitions, the results had been submitted to the statistics analysis for the Sisvar program and determined itvariance analysis and the treatments averages had been compared in 5% of probability for the Tukey test and the regression analysis. Five plants were selected for analysing the growth for parcel. The characteristics that belongs to the growth: plant height (PE), leafnumber (LN), foliar area (FA) and foliar area index (FAI). Were observed significant differences in the values of FA and FAI. The increase in the depth irrigation and the application frequency implied in bigger values of FA and FAI.

New dental restorative materials have been developed to meet not only the functional demands, but esthetics as well, and in the last few years an enormous range of new materials has appeared for use in dentistry. Among them, several adhesive systems, and different operative techniques for each group materials. Therefore, is indispensable for the professional to know about the properties, characteristics, and association of these materials with the dental structures, in order to select and use them correctly. Should conventional self-etching adhesive systems be used? This question encouraged this literature review to be conducted, with the aim of comparing the conventional adhesive systems with the self-etching systems and to look for scientific data that would help professionals to choose which adhesive system to use. When compared to conventional systems, it was noted that the self-etching systems show less sensitivity to technique, especially as regards errors the operator could commit. The self-etching systems, particularly the 2-step type, have shown equivalent values of bond strength, marginal microleakage and performance, therefore, will be an option for direct composite resin restorations in posterior teeth.

Foram avaliados três métodos de distribuição de mudas para recomposição artificial de área de mata ciliar estudando-se a variação do crescimento da estatura e diâmetro durante seis períodos em um ano, das espécies Schinus terbinthifolia Raddi–aroeira ePeltophorum dubium Taub–canafístula. Os métodos estudados foram: mudas distribuídas ao acaso em espaçamento de 2 x 2 m; mudas distribuídas individualmente ao acaso; mudas distribuídas ao acaso em agrupamento três a três, com espaçamento de 1 a 1,5 m. O crescimento da estatura e do diâmetro das espécies estudadas está diretamente relacionado com os períodos em estudo, o tratamento de recomposição e as espécies. O tratamento mudas distribuídas ao acaso individualmente foi o que apresentou melhor crescimento médio do diâmetro.This trial aimed at evaluating three methods to distribute seedlingsfrom Schinus terbinthifolia and Peltophorum dubium species for rearrangement of ciliary forests. Their growth changes in height and diameter were used as parameters during six terms in one year. The studied methods were: seedlings randomized distributed in 2 x 2 m; seedlings individually distributed in a randomized design and seedlings randomized distributed in groups by three, using a 1 to 1.5 m row distance. The growth regarding diameter and height of the observed species is straightly related to the studied periods, rearrangement treatment and species. As a conclusion, it was registered that the seedling treatment individually distributed in a randomized design was the best answer regarding the average growth ofdiameter.

Aim: To evaluate the radiopacity and microhardness (KHN) of experimental dental adhesives (EX). The experimental adhesive resins of the present study were formulated based on the simplified adhesive system Ambar (FGM). Methods: Five EX with different concentrations of zirconia nanoparticles [0(EX0), 15(EX15), 25(EX25), 30(EX30) e 50%(EX50)] were incorporated in a UDMA/HEMA adhesive (control). Adper Single BondTM 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) was used as a commercial reference. For the radiopacity (n=5), KHN (n=5), adhesive specimens were fabricated using a stainless steel mold. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (α=0.05). Results: The filler addition on the EX showed radiopacity similar to enamel and higher than SB. The EX25, EX35 and EX50 showed higher KHN values when compared to the commercial SB. EX25, EX35 and EX50 showed higher KHN values when compared to the commercial SB. Conclusions: The results of the present investigation suggest that the addition of zirconia nanoparticles seems to be a good alternative to produce radiopaque adhesives with increased microhardness.

This study evaluated the effect of aging solutions on the durability of resin-dentin bonds by means of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) tests.The adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions to the flattened occlusal surface of 40 extracted human molars. After bonding, teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2 area) which were tested in tension immediately or after different storage periods (1 week, 1 month, or 6 months). Bonded sticks were kept immersed in 5 different solutions: 1) distilled water (DW); 2) 99.9% propionic acid (PA); 3) 99% acetic acid (AA); 4) 75% ethanol (ET), and 5) mineral oil (MO). To determine NL, bonded sticks from each experimental condition were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05).Faster degradation of bond strength (1 week) could be seen for AA and ET (p0.05) in comparison with DW. Specimens stored in PA and DW showed bond strengths significantly reduced after one and six months, respectively (p0.05). No degradation of the resin-dentin bond strengths was observed for specimens stored in MO (p0.05). Nanoleakage increased for all groups except MO after storage.Propionic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol can be used as alternative aging solutions to more quickly obtain results on the bond resistance to degradation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422014000200015.pdf: 2180417 bytes, checksum: 7d560dc6d887f5f6c641d972efb19bb6 (MD5) Maceration and supercritical fluid extraction were used to prepare extracts from parts of plants (Holostylis reniformis) collected in two different regions of Brazil. ¹H NMR, HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, HPLC-DAD, GC-MS, and chemometric techniques were used to analyse lignans in the extracts and showed that yields of SFE-CO2 were less than or equal to those of hexane maceration extracts. These analyses, in conjunction with the concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl derivatives in the extracts, also allowed the chemical composition of parts and provenance of the plant to be differentiated. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química Universidade Federal do Maranhão Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Química Instituto Federal de São Paulo FIOCRUZ Instituto René Rachou Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Química

To evaluate the radiopacity, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), microhardness (KHN), degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) of experimental adhesives.Five experimental adhesives with different concentrations of barium-borosilicate oxide microfillers [0% (R0), 30% (R30), 40% (R40), 50% (R50), 60% (R60)] were formulated based on the adhesive system Ambar (FGM). The adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) was used as commercial reference. For the radiopacity (n = 5), KHN (n = 5), WS (n = 10), and SL (n = 10) tests, adhesive disks were constructed (5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thick), while for UTS (n = 5), hourglass-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm2 were used. The FTIR spectra of unpolymerized and polymerized adhesives were used to determine the DC. Data were submitted to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).All experimental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel, except those of R0 and SB. Filler addition did not jeopardize the UTS, KHN, or WS of the filled adhesives in comparison with the unfilled version. Except for R40, filler addition reduced the SL. The filled adhesives showed lower DC when compared with R0, but the DC was similar or higher when compared with SB.The addition of barium-borosilicate glass up to 50% did not jeopardize the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer and seems to reduce its solubility.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of application time on the resin-dentin bond strength (µTBS) and etching pattern of adhesive systems applied on sclerotic dentine. Material and Methods: A total of forty-two bovine incisors had their roots removed. The 1-step self-etch GO (SDI), the 2-step self-etch Adper SE Bond (3MESPE) and the 35% phosphoric acid (3MESPE) from the 2-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond 2 (3MESPE) were applied on the bovine incisal surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions or duplicating the recommended conditioning time. After adhesive application, thirty teeth were restored with composite resin, stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37°C, and sectioned into resin-dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm 2 ) and tested according to the µTBS at 0.5 mm/min. The etching pattern of the remaining twelve teeth (n=4 for each material) was examined under scanning electron microscopy. Each tooth was divided into a buccal-to-lingual direction into three thirds, and each third randomly assigned to the groups: control (no treatment), according to the manufacturers' instructions and duplicating the recommended application time. The µTBS and the relative percentage of the tubule area opening were evaluated by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). Results: The duplication of the conditioning time favored only the GO adhesive (p

SUMMARY With the aim of reducing the side effects of in-office bleaching agents, less-concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels have been released by manufacturers. We evaluated the tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy (BE) of two HP concentrations in this study. Gels containing 35% and 20% HP (HP35 and HP20, respectively) were applied on teeth of 60 caries-free patients. Color was recorded at baseline and one week after the first and second bleaching sessions using the Vita Classical shade guide. TS was recorded on a 0-4 scale. BE at each weekly recall was evaluated by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of TS and its intensity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively (α=0.05). After two bleaching sessions, color change of approximately eight tabs was obtained with HP35; whereas, with HP20 it was six tabs (p

A reciclagem energetica de residuos pode ser feita com o objetivo de geracao de calor ou de gas combustivel. Assim, este trabalho buscou viabilizar a utilizacao do residuo chamado manipueira juntamente com os solidos da cama de aviario evidenciando o potencial deste para a obtencao de biogas por meio de biodigestores. Foi desenvolvido para esse experimento um sistema exclusivo de biodigestao de biomassa formados por biodigestores batelada e gasometros de cupula movel. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a cama de frango apresenta uma boa producao de biogas. A manipueira nao foi obteve sucesso na mistura, pois fez com que a qualidade e quantidade do gas caissem de acordo com o aumento na mistura. Abstract The recycling of waste can be made for the purpose of generating heat or gas fuel. Thus, this project seeks to enable the use of cassava wastewater with poultry litter, emphasizing its potentiality for biogas production through anaerobic digesters. To accomplish this experiment a unique biomass digestion system formed of batch digesters and mobile gasometers was developed. The preliminary results showed that poultry litter offers a good production of biogas, but cassava wastewaters were not a good mixing option, because it affects adversely both the quantity and the quality of the biogas production.

The authors conducted a study to evaluate tooth sensitivity (TS) and the bleaching effectiveness associated with use of a calcium-containing (CC) in-office bleaching gel.The authors used a 35 percent calcium-free (CF) hydrogen peroxide gel and a 35 percent CC hydrogen peroxide gel according to the manufacturer's instructions in 40 caries-free participants 18 years or older. They performed two bleaching sessions with a one-week interval between sessions. The authors registered the color at baseline and after the first and second bleaching sessions by using a shade guide and by gauging the participant's perception of TS as registered on a scale from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). The authors evaluated the bleaching effectiveness at each week's recall visit by means of the Friedman test, and they compared the groups at each assessment point by means of the Mann-Whitney test. They evaluated the percentage of participants with TS and the intensity of the TS by using the Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests.Both groups demonstrated equivalent and significant tooth color enhancement compared with color values at baseline (P.05), with an average bleaching of 7 to 8 shade guide units. Most of the participants from the CF group (80 percent) experienced sensitivity while undergoing the bleaching regimen, whereas only 40 percent of participants from the CC group reported experiencing TS (P = .02). The intensity of TS was significantly higher (P.01) for the CF group during in-office dental bleaching.The CC 35 percent hydrogen peroxide gel reduced the TS during in-office dental bleaching without jeopardizing the bleaching effectiveness.The results of this study support the findings that a CC 35 percent hydrogen peroxide gel can reduce TS during in-office dental bleaching.

The aim of this study was to correlate the degree of conversion measured inside the hybrid layer (DC) with the microtensile resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and silver nitrate uptake or nanoleakage (SNU) for five simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.Fifty-five caries free extracted molars were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used for μTBS/SNU [n=6] and 25 teeth for DC [n=5]. The dentin surfaces were bonded with the following adhesives: Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), Ambar (AB), XP Bond (XP), Tetric N-Bond (TE) and Stae (ST) followed by composite resin build-ups. For μTBS and SNU test, bonded teeth were sectioned in order to obtain stick-shaped specimens (0.8mm(2)), which were tested under tensile stress (0.5mm/min). Three bonded sticks, from each tooth, were not tested in tensile stress and they were immersed in 50% silver nitrate, photo-developed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Longitudinal 1-mm thick sections were prepared for the teeth assigned for DC measurement and evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy.ST showed lowest DC, μTBS, and higher SNU (p0.05). All other adhesives showed similar DC, μTBS, and SNU (p0.05), except for TE which showed an intermediate SNU level. The DC was positively correlated with μTBS and negatively correlated with SNU (p0.05). SNU was also negatively correlated with μTBS (p0.05).The measurement of DC inside the hybrid layer can provide some information about bonding performance of adhesive systems since this property showed a good correlation with resin-dentin bond strength and SNU values.

To evaluate the microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of 1-step vs. 2-step self-etch systems to dentin after 24 hours and after 6 months of water storage.Resin composite buildups were bonded to occlusal dentin of third molars using the following adhesives: Xeno IV (XE, Dentsply), G-Bond (GB, GC Inc), Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3, Kuraray); Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD, 3M ESPE); Go (GO, SDI), All Bond SE (ABSE 1-step or ABSE 2-step, Bisco) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray). The bonded sticks (cross-sectioned area of 0.8-0.9 mm2) originated from the same teeth were randomly divided to be tested after 24 hours or after 6 months of water storage. The data was submitted to two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test with and without the inclusion of premature failures (PF) (alpha = 0.05).The inclusion of PF resulted in different statistically significant means for CS3, CSE and AD (P0.05). Only the ABSE2 showed stable bonds after 6 months of water storage (P0.05).

As regiões costeiras estão sendo ameaçadas por apresentarem uma exploração desordenada e predatória de seus recursos naturais alterando a biodiversidade. Leveduras fazem parte do ecossistema marinho, entretanto algumas espécies estão associadas à micoses superficial, subcutânea e/ou sistêmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar leveduras, isolar e caracterizar Trichosporon spp., em amostras água de mar e areia em três regiões costeiras do estado de São Paulo: Baixada Santista, Canal de São Sebastião e Ubatuba. Foram coletadas 126 amostras de água de mar e areia. As áreas foram caracterizadas usando parâmetros microbiológicos. A contagem de leveduras variou de

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of water storage on resin-dentin bond strengths [µTBS] using different adhesive bonding approaches. Materials and Methods: Flat superficial dentin surfaces of 24 extracted human third molars were exposed and polished to create a standardized smear layer. The teeth were randomly distributed into four different groups: Three-step etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE - SBMP), two-step etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond 2, 3 M ESPE - SB); two-step self-etch (AdheSE, Ivoclar/Vivadent - AD); and self-etch 1 step (Adper Prompt L-Pop, 3M ESPE - LP). Following the adhesive application (n = 6), resin composite was incrementally applied (Filtek™ Supreme XT - 3 M ESPE) in order to obtain bonded sticks, with a cross-sectioned area of 0.81 mm 2 . The bonded sticks were randomly divided and assigned to be tested after one day [OD] (n 30) or six months [6 M] of water storage [6 M] (n = 30). Results: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that none of the adhesives showed degradation after 6 M. SB achieved the highest µTBS both in the [OD] (49.13 MPa) and [6M] (40.27 MPa). Despite the highest values in both time evaluations, the µTBS of SB significantly reduced after 6M. LP showed the lowest µTBS in both periods of evaluation (18.35 and 18.34 MPa). Conclusions: Although a significant degradation was only observed for SB, this was the adhesive that showed the highest µTBS after 6 M of water storage.

A eficiência do sistema de rotação de cultura requer, entre outros tratamentos, a escolha adequada das espécies a serem instaladas. Culturas vegetais podem apresentar compostos aleloquímicos, os quais são liberados por meio de pelos radiculares, sementes, raízes, colmos e folhas, em quantidades variáveis, capazes de interferir nas culturas subsequentes, comprometendo a produção. Assim, este estudo analisou o potencial alelopático de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) (AP), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) (NF), ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) (ER), azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (AZ) e consórcio (CO - AP+ER+NF) na germinação de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de soja. O experimento foi em laboratório, com substrato de areia, onde foram cultivadas plantas de cobertura, por 30 dias, mantendo os restos radiculares das plantas com e sem restos de parte aérea. Observou-se redução na emergência de plântulas de soja sob CO, AZ e AP. O índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), a porcentagem de emergência em areia (EA) e a massa fresca de hipocótilo (MFH) foram afetados negativamente pelas plantas de cobertura.

A escultura em dentes posteriores requer treinamento e habilidade do operador. Visando facilitar o procedimento restaurador, propos-se com esse relato de caso mostrar uma alternativa para a escultura da superficie oclusal em dentes posteriores. Verificou-se lesao de carie na face oclusal do dente 36. Optou-se pela tecnica da matriz oclusal e restauracao direta com resina composta. Realizou-se uma profilaxia com pedra-pomes e agua e, a cor selecionada para a restauracao com resina composta (Ice, SDI) foi a A2. Aplicou-se uma camada de glicerina hidrossoluvel gel (KY) na superficie oclusal para isolar do material restaurador temporario translucido, flexivel e fotoativado (Bioplic, Biodinâmica) utilizado para confeccao da matriz oclusal. Apos a remocao do tecido cariado, procedeu-se a limpeza da cavidade com clorexidina a 2%, o procedimento adesivo e, a restauracao. Na ultima camada, antes da fotoativacao, foi colocada a matriz oclusal e feito uma pre-fotoativacao durante 5 seg, retirou-se a matriz oclusal e concluiu-se a fotoativacao. Na sequencia fez-se o acabamento e apos 48 horas o polimento final. Pode-se constatar que a tecnica da utilizacao da matriz oclusal demonstrou ser de facil execucao; possibilidade de fidelidade no restabelecimento dos detalhes anatomicos da superficie oclusal dos dentes posteriores; e, facilidade no ajuste oclusal. Palavras-chave: Restauracao Dentaria Permanente; Dentistica; Resinas Compostas

Este trabalho avaliou lâminas de irrigação no crescimento da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) para obtenção de minimilho, determinadas pela evapotranspiração da cultura, baseadas na evaporação da água do Tanque "Classe A" e aplicadas quando a evapotranspiração atingia os valores acumulados: T1 - 15 mm, T2 - 30 mm, T3 - 45 mm e T4 - 60 mm. Foi utilizado delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística, pelo programa Sisvar, determinando-se análise de variância. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey e pela análise de regressão. Foram selecionadas cinco plantas por parcela para análise das características de crescimento: estatura da planta (EP), número de folhas (NF), área foliar (AF) e índice de área foliar (IAF). Observaram-se diferenças significativas nos valores de AF e IAF. O aumento nas lâminas de irrigação e na freqüência de aplicação implicou em maiores valores AF. This research evaluated the variation of depth irrigation in the maize culture growth (Zea mays L.) for obtaining the baby corn, determined from the culture evapotranspiration, based on class A pan evaporation and applied when the evapotranspiration reached follow the accumulated values: T1 - 15 mm, T2 - 30 mm, T3 - 45 mm and T4 - 60 mm. The statistical design was the outlinement completely whit four treatments and whit five repetitions, the results had been submitted to the statistics analysis for the Sisvar program and determined it variance analysis and the treatments averages had been compared in 5% of probability for the Tukey test and the regression analysis. Five plants were selected for analysing the growth for parcel. The characteristics that belongs to the growth: plant height (PE), leaf number (LN), foliar area (FA) and foliar area index (FAI). Were observed significant differences in the values of FA and FAI. The increase in the depth irrigation and the application frequency implied in bigger values of FA and FAI.