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Fil: Miranda-Miranda, Estefan. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP). Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad. Departamento de Artropodología. Morelos. México. Fil: Scarcella, Silvana. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET. UNCPBA. Tandil. República Argentina. Fil: Reynaud, Enrique. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular. Morelos. México. Fil: Narváez-Padilla, Verónica. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular. Morelos. México. Fil: Neira, Gisela. Universidad Juan Agustín Maza. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPAR). Mendoza. República Argentina. Fil: Mera y Sierra, Roberto. Universidad Juan Agustín Maza. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPAR). Mendoza. República Argentina. Fil: Aguilar-Díaz, Hugo. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP). Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad. Departamento de Artropodología. Morelos. México. Fil: Cossio-Bayugar, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP). Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad. Departamento de Artropodología. Morelos. México. Fasciola hepatica anthelmintic resistance may be associated with the catalytic activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The gene expression of one of these enzymes, identified as car boxylesterase B (CestB), was previously described as inducible in adult parasites under anthelmintic treatment and exhibited a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 643 that translates into a radical amino acid substitution at position 215 from Glutamic acid to Lysine. Alphafold 3D models of both allelic sequences exhibited a significant affinity pocket rearrangement and different ligand-docking modeling results. Further bioinformatics analysis confirmed that the radical amino acid substitution is located at the ligand affinity site of the enzyme, affecting its affinity to serine hydrolase inhibitors and preferences for ester ligands. A field genotyping survey from parasite samples obtained from two developmental stages isolated from different host species from Argentina and Mexico exhibited a 37% allele distribution for 215E and a 29% allele distribution for 215K as well as a 34% E/K heterozygous distribution. No linkage to host species or geographic origin was found in any of the allele variants.

Fil: Sebastian, Patrick. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina Fil: Mera y Sierra, Roberto. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPAR), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este, Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519 Mendoza, Argentina. Laboratorio Mera, Paso de los Andes 416, CP 5500 Mendoza, Argentina Fil: Neira, Gisela. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPAR), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. Acceso Este, Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519 Mendoza, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Acceso Este, Lateral Sur 2245, CP 5519 Mendoza, Argentina Fil: Hadid, Jaled. Veterinaria San Ignacio, Champagnat 2038, CP 5501 Godoy Cruz, Mendoza, Argentina Fil: Flores, Fernando. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CP 3080 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. In this work, we analyze data that support an epidemiological link between cases of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) by Ehrlichia canis and the presence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto as vector in an endemic area for this tick in Argentina. In a blood sample of a 1-year-old toy poodle with CME compatible clinical signs, which showed CME typical morulae in monocytes in Giemsa-stained blood smear, DNA of E. canis was detected by PCR. Further, DNA of E. canis was also detected in a female of R. sanguineus s.s. collected on the infected dog. Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.s. is the only member of the R. sanguineus group that prevails in the study area. The results of this study suggest that R. sanguineus s.s. may play a more important role in the transmission of E. canis than it was assumed so far. The epidemiological link between CME cases and R. sanguineus s.s. as vector in temperate areas of Argentina described in this work contrast previous studies which found that R. sanguineus sensu lato "tropical lineage" (which is absent in the study area) is competent to transmit E. canis but not R. sanguineus s.s.

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes transmitted by freshwater lymnaeid snails. Donkey and horse reservoir roles have been highlighted in human endemic areas. Liver fluke infection in mules has received very limited research. Their role in disease transmission, epidemiological importance andFasciola hepaticapathogenicity are studied for the first time. Prevalence was 39.5% in 81 mules from Aconcagua, and 24.4% in 127 from Uspallata, in high-altitude areas of Mendoza province, Argentina. A mean amount of 101,242 eggs/mule/day is estimated. Lymnaeids from Uspallata proved to belong to ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers ITS-1 and ITS-2 combined haplotype 3C ofGalba truncatula. These lymnaeids were experimentally susceptible to infection by egg miracidia from mules. Infectivity, number of cercariae/snail and shedding period fit the enhancedF. hepatica/G. truncatulatransmission pattern at very high altitude. This indicates that the mule is able to maintain theF. hepaticacycle independently. Individual burdens of 20 and 97 flukes were found. Mule infection susceptibility is intermediate between donkey and horse, although closer to the latter. Anatomo-pathology and histopathology indicate that massive infection may cause mule death. Haematological value decreases of red blood cells, haemoglobin, leucocytes and lymphocytes indicate anaemia and strong immunosuppression. Strongly increased biochemical marker values indicate liver function alterations. The mule probably played a role in the past exchanges with Chile and Bolivia through Mendoza province. Evidence suggests that mules could contribute to the spread of bothF. hepaticaandG. truncatulato human fascioliasis-endemic areas in these countries.

Fil: Germanó, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Mendoza, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Salomón, María. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Área de Parasitología, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Neira, Gisela. Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Lozano, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Mendoza, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Mackern-Oberti, Juan. 1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Mendoza, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Cargnelutti, Diego. 1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Mendoza, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Área de Parasitología, Mendoza, Argentina. ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. Objective: To assess the temporal and geographical distribution of confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic from 2013 to 2017. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using data collected from the Integrated Surveillance Bulletin database of the National System of Health Surveillance. Confirmed cases of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis up to the 52nd epidemiological week of each year was included. Results: In the 5 years period, 1 295 confirmed leishmaniasis cases were reported in the Argentine Republic. One thousand twenty-eight (1 028) cases corresponded to cutaneous leishmaniasis (87.10%), being the most common type of leishmaniasis. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was in the second place in the country with 115 cases reported, mostly in the Northwest and Northeast regions. A total of 52 individuals with visceral leishmaniasis were identified and Misiones Province was the most affected. Conclusions: It is important to analyze the temporal and geographical distribution of leishmaniasis in order to provide an adequate management and surveillance.

We report a case of air sac nematode ( Serratospiculum tendo) infection in an adult male Austral Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus cassini) admitted to a rehabilitation center in Mendoza Province, Argentina, in September 2017. This case of air sac nematodes reported in an Argentine raptor is only the second report of S. tendo in South America. We recommend examination of all raptors, especially those falcon species that include insects in their diet and inhabit open lands and those in rehabilitation centers or kept for falconry, education, or captive breeding. Fecal analysis and microscopic examination of oral swabs for evidence of parasites are simple noninvasive diagnostic procedures that allow easy detection of these parasites under field and captive circumstances.

Fil: Mera y Sierra, Roberto. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional (CIPAR), Universidad J.A. Maza, Guaymallén, Argentina. Fil: Neira, Gisela. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina. Fil: Cargnelutti, Diego. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT Mendoza, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi), is expanding at an alarming rate in Argentina. In Argentina, VL was first diagnosed in the Northeastern province of Misiones in May 2006,1 with previous reports recording this infection in the neighboring Paraguay much earlier. Since its first diagnosis in Argentina, thousands of cases in dogs and over 100 cases (many fatal) in humans have been diagnosed in several regions of the north and northeastern provinces of Argentina (Figure 1).2,3 The disease has traveled over 1000 km, and so has its vectors and main reservoir, the domestic dog. The vectors described for VL in Argentina, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemya migonei, have also been detected in the provinces of Catamarca, Santa Fe´, and Co´rdoba, where to date no case of infections in humans or canines has been described. Dogs, whether expensive ones destined for breeding or those of migrant harvest workers, wander freely through the country, and thus facilitate easy transport of these parasites from one region to another; however, the intention to root out the paradigm exotic disease is still firmly attached in the minds and hearts of health professionals, from both human and veterinary fields. Sitio de la revista: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118216300421

Anthelmintic resistance in livestock parasites is currently a worldwide problem.Fasciola hepatica is a cosmopolitan parasite which causes considerable loss in sheep and cattle production systems all over the world. Chemotherapy is currently the main tool available for its control. The intensive use of triclabendazole, the drug of choice for more than 20 years, has resulted in the development of resistant strains. The therapeutic options are adulticides such as closantel (salicylanilide anthelmintic that binds extensively to plasma albumin) to treat chronic fascioliasis in sheep, and cattle. In the present work, an Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and morphometric studies were used to evaluate in vivo the ovicidal activity and morphology F. hepatica eggs, recovered from closantel treated sheep collected at different time intervals post treatment.Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) were observed in egg morphometry between the control and the treated groups in all the parameters studied. Eggs recovered from treated animals tend to be narrower and longer. Significant differences were found in the embryonation and hatching of eggs between 36 h post treatment (32, 5%) vs. approximately 85% in control, 12 h and 24 h post treatment. Our results confirm that closantel affects in vivo the normal development of the eggs.As one of the first effects, this drug affects the performance of the trematode's reproductive physiology. Even though closantel treated animals may still eliminate eggs in the first days post treatment, these are not viable. Fil: Solana, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Mera y Sierra, Roberto. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional; Argentina Fil: Scarcella, Silvana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Neira, Gisela Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales. Centro de Investigación en Parasitología Regional; Argentina Fil: Solana, Hugo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Goats, called “the cow of the poor”, are the livestock species with the most significant population growth worldwide in recent years. Gastrointestinal parasitism constitutes one of the main constraints to its outdoor and extensive breeding in temperate and tropical countries. Despite a Creole goat population of nearly 4 million heads, local reports on parasitological prevalence are scarce, and while Fasciola hepatica infection is spread all over Argentina, the goat is usually neglected as a reservoir and economic losses are not considered. To evaluate gastrointestinal parasitism prevalence and associations between parasite genera and species, with emphasis on fascioliasis, Creole goats from the plateau and Andean regions from western Argentina were investigated by coprological techniques, and associations were statistically assessed. Eighty-five percent (85%) of the animals harbored one or more parasite types, while 46% showed mixed infections. Significant positive associations between F. hepatica + Strongyle eggs, Eimeria sp. + Nematodirus sp. andNematodirus sp. + Trichuris oviswere detected. Further studies are required to define the causality of these associations and their relevance in epidemiology. F. hepaticais rarely considered as goat parasite in the country, but a 33% prevalence poses an interrogation on the role goats play on the transmission and dissemination of this zoonotic trematode. As cabras, nomeadas como “a vaca dos pobres”, são as espécies de gado com o crescimento populacional mais significativo nos últimos anos em todo o mundo. O parasitismo gastrintestinal constitui uma das principais limitações à sua criação extensiva em clima temperado e tropical. Na Argentina, apesar de uma população de caprinos crioulos de cerca de quatro milhões de cabeças, são escassos os relatórios locais de prevalências parasitológicas. Embora a infecção porFasciola hepatica esteja espalhada em todo o país, as cabras são geralmente negligenciadas como um reservatório, e as perdas econômicas não são consideradas. Para avaliar a prevalência do parasitismo gastrintestinal e associações entre os gêneros e espécies de parasitos, com ênfase na fasciolose, caprinos crioulos da região andina e do planalto do oeste de Argentina foram avaliados por meio de técnicas coprológicas. Oitenta e cinco por cento dos animais hospedaram um ou mais tipos de parasitos, enquanto 46% hospedaram infecções mistas. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre F. hepatica+ ovos de estrongilídeos, Eimeria sp. +Nematodirus sp. e Nematodirus sp. +Trichuris ovis. Mais estudos são necessários para definir a causalidade dessas associações e sua relevância na epidemiologia. Raramente F. hepaticaé considerada como um parasito de cabra no país, mas uma prevalência de 33% suscita uma interrogação sobre o papel dos caprinos na transmissão e disseminação desse trematódeo zoonótico.