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Remember, if you can, Not him who lingers, but that other man, Who loved and sang, and had a beating heart,-- (Ernest Dowson, 'In Tempore Senectutus' c. October 26, 1892) [...]

Two Scribner's-excised passages from the manuscript of the posthumously published 'The Last Good Country' reinforce the importance of the Indian girl Trudy in Hemingway's fiction and of Prudence Boulton in his life. Both passages underline Nick's depth of feeling for Trudy and the pain of her loss--a metaphor for the fate of Indians, who 'all ended the same way. Long time ago good. Now no good.' But the theme of Indian extinction is itself a metaphor for the power, prominence, and even prevalence of loss in Hemingway's fiction. Excepting the positive portrayals of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes, Hemingway's earliest protagonists, loss dominates--in at least half the In Our Time stories, in the bitter conclusion of A Farewell to Arms, and in the four new tales of defeat and death that open The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories. Hemingway agrees with Jig that 'once they take it away, you never get it back.' KEY WORDS: Loss, Extinction, Indian, Manuscripts, When the editors at Scribner's were preparing the manuscript of 'The Last Good Country' for publication in The Nick Adams Stories in 1972, (1) they chose to silently excise two [...]

SCENES OF CULTURAL CONSUMPTION are common in Frances Burney's debut novel, Evelina (1778). Such moments contrast proper taste with improper or outmoded judgments, drawing attention to inherited and class-conscious assessments [...]

How are we invited to see that character type--the girl--in art? Jean-Honore Fragonard spies on her reading, thoughtful, trussed in white ruffles, mauve ribbons and lemon silk. Leaning into a [...]

KEYWORDS: Norah Lange, autobiography, avant-garde, girl-woman, heterotopia Norah Lange created a girl-woman persona that both defied and conformed to social and literary expectations, opening new possibilities for her role as an avant-garde writer. Via textual analysis using Foucault's concept of the heterotopias, I show how the protagonists of Voice of Life, 45 Sailors and 30 Days, Childhood Notebooks, and Before They Die present heterotopias that reflect the space Lange's persona inhabited within the avant-garde., IN CLAIMING NORAH LANGE AS THEIR muse, male writers in Argentina during the 1920s and 1930s devalued her significant literary contributions to the Argentine avant-garde. Susan Suleiman's definition of the [...]

Abstract The natural world behaves in unexpected ways in twentieth-century Irish women's fiction about girlhood. Girls are at once reduced to natural resources, ripe for exploitation, and instructed relentlessly in [...]

Hurston's masterpiece, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and its protagonist, Janie Crawford, have mostly been studied under the rubrics of African American culture. That is why the readings are typically concerned with the analysis of the protagonist's personality in her African American society, e.g., the study of such issues as language, racial discrimination, and male authority, to name but few. Emphasizing the protagonist's connection with the pear tree as a synecdoche for nature, the authors endeavor to examine the novel and its heroine in a romantic context. It will be argued that Janie's personality is subject to a tri-partite development. A connection will be drawn between her infatuation with the pear tree as her source of inspiration and the three stages of her life to demonstrate her growth from innocence to experience to organized innocence. Analyzing Hurston's masterpiece from this perspective provides a better understanding of the mechanism that leads to the protagonist's development., Author(s): Leila Hajjari[sup.1] , Hossein Aliakbari Harehdasht[sup.1] , Parvin Ghasemi[sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University of Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran (2) Department of Foreign Languages [...]

NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows the seventh and final book in the Harry Potter series, is the most up-to-date picture of Hermione that author J.K. Rowling has [...]

Mernissi's autobiography, Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood, was first published in English. Labeled as a memoir, this text is clearly written with a 'Western' audience in mind, witness the explanatory footnotes (which vary between the French and English versions). Though Mernissi did not do the French translation herself, she revised and adapted it. This article examines the differences between Mernissi's French and English versions of her autobiography in the context of third-world autobiographies for the first-world market. The most telling difference between both versions is a footnote added to the French that puts into question the very genre to which the narrative claims to belong. In the light of recent scandals involving fictitious narratives marketed as autobiographies in the U.S., this paper examines the implications of reading and teaching Mernissi's memoirs in the post 9/11 context., Fatima Mernissi, a world-renowned Moroccan sociologist by training, has published many books on topics related to gender and women in Islam, in general, and Moroccan women, in particular. Her entire [...]

In Study 1 college students (47 men, 104 women) watched Pokemon cartoons, and afterward they rated one of four trainers (persons who train creatures called Pokemon) on 28 characteristics. James, the male 'bad' trainer, was rated lowest of four trainers on 'masculine' traits including strength, assertiveness, certainty, and being a leader. Jesse, the female 'bad' trainer, was rated as sexiest and most aggressive. In Study 2 sixty-two elementary school children (28 girls, 34 boys) were individually interviewed. Fewer than 50% of the children could name a female Pokemon and participants were more likely to choose a boy than a girl as a favorite trainer. Male Pokemon and trainers may be more central to the cartoon, and counter-stereotypical gender portrayals may be one way to portray a 'bad' character even more negatively. KEY WORDS: cartoons; gender roles; television; media.

Using data collected in San Antonio, Texas, this paper documents the impact upon Mexican American girls' perceptions of self, national identity, ethnic identity, gender, and class tensions.

Philip Larkin wrote five pieces of fiction under the pseudonym Brunette Coleman, all having to do with girls at private schools. These works are the first evidence of Larkin discovering a unique voice that was deeply involved with superstition, myth, nature, and sexuality.

This article examines the relationship between the garden and Victorian girlhood in the work of English writers Lewis Carroll and John Ruskin. Topics addressed include the artificiality of the 'cultivation' of both garden and Victorian girls, the feminization of the garden space, and gendered power dynamics.

The power of Nobody is becoming so enormous in England, and he alone is responsible for so many proceedings, both in the way of commission and omission; he has so [...]

Lewis Carroll's photographs of little girls and his letters to parents to get their permission can be read as stagings of his visual compulsion. Carroll's letters to Lord Salisbury, in the wake of Thomas Stead's reports on child prostitution, give a social context to Carroll's work. Carroll's obsession with the height of his subjects and the need for them to fit the frame are expressions of his desire for reciprocity. His awareness that his interest may be interpreted as perverse gives additional meaning to the debate about the age of consent for girls.

Vasily Zhukovskii's 'Swetlana'and Alexander Pushkin's 'Evegeny Onegin' described the divinations and dream interpretations practised by Russian girls to discover the identities of their future husbands. Zhukovskii and Pushkin may have learnt of popular superstitions from their nurses, but it is probable that they studied the literature on popular superstitions available during the early 19th century. Divinations were carried out during the period from Christmas to Epiphany, and were popular with Russian girls of all classes.

Victorian and Edwardian commentators often represented the reading of adventure stories by boys as a direct stimulus to pursuing a career in the British empire. Literary and cultural historians point […]

Scores for creative perception of 101 boys and 69 girls on What Kind of Person Are You and Something About Myself were not significant for overall scores on both measures, but boys obtained somewhat higher means on Initiative than girls. Further replications on similar samples are needed.

Leaving Elsie Dinsmore Behind: 'Plucky Girls' as an Alternative Role Model in Classic Girls Literature, Nancy Rost Goulden and Susan Stanfield, Kansas State University This study uses a rhetorical approach [...]

Contemporary fiction exploring the social and racial aspects of life in the American South often portrays the meeting between a black girl and a white girl as a profound encounter that forms the basis of the white girl's progression towards adulthood. A cross-racial friendship is explored in Kaye Gibbons' 'Ellen Foster', with the structure of the novel modified in line with the representation of the friendship. White Ellen uses her black friend Starletta as a standard for measuring her own development.