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Domination is an ancient graph theoretical topic with applications in psychology, political sci- ence, and human behaviour. A topological index is an area of graph theory that governs a compound’s molecular structure. This work aims to conglomerate the two different branches and determine the dominational variants of some celebrated degree based topological index. The newly described descriptors are generalised to standard graphs, corona products of graphs, and a few members of the windmill family of graphs in this study.

Multi-targeted drug combinations which selectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells are required for effective anticancer treatment. The current anti-HER2 positive breast cancer therapy involves Trastuzumab and doxorubicin drug combination which produces toxic side effects in clinical settings including high cardiotoxicity. In this study, anticancer activity of single drug as well as the drug combination effect of L-asparaginase (Celginase) and Trastuzumab (Herceptin) was studied on HER2 positive breast cancer (SKBR3) cells. Inhibition of cell proliferation assay based on fluorescence readout was studied to estimate the anticancer effect of the drugs. HUVEC cells were used as negative control cells. Individually as a single drug, Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and L-asparaginase (Celginase) showed anticancer activity against SKBR3 cells with IC50 value of 0.031ng/ml and 1.168µg/ml respectively. The drug combination interaction of Trastuzumab and L-asparaginase resulted in combination index of less than 1(CI < 1) showing their synergistic effect against SKBR3 cells. No cytotoxic effect was observed in control HUVEC cells. The results suggested that the antitumor activity of Trastuzumab and L-asparaginase against HER2 positive breast cancer was found specific to HER2 positive cancer (SKBR3) cells. This synergistic drug interaction of L-asparaginase and Trastuzumab could be further explored to as an alternative to current drug combination therapy against the HER2 positive breast cancer.

This essay clarifies the knowledge and abilities needed to instruct online courses in higher education. The introduction of the study included a general review of the problems with online teaching and learning. This study looked at one training strategy for new online educators and evaluated how it affected the quality of their instruction and integration of their subject matter. The conceptual supporting was the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model. Three information sources were utilized in a quantitatively-determined blended techniques plan: (1) the pre-and post-instructional class schedules of the educators; (2) pre-and post-preparing understudy evaluations of showing scores; and (3) the results of a subsequent web-based study. As per the review's discoveries, educators showed (a) measurably huge changes by the way they integrated components into the overhaul of their course schedules and (b) enhancements in their showing abilities as expressed without help from anyone else in the subsequent overview Three information sources were utilized in a quantitatively-determined blended techniques plan: (1) the pre-and post-instructional class prospectuses of the teachers; (2) pre-and post-preparing understudy evaluations of showing scores; and (3) the results of a subsequent web-based study. As per the review's discoveries, educators showed (a) measurably huge changes by the way they integrated components into the overhaul of their course schedules and (b) enhancements in their showing abilities as expressed without anyone else in the subsequent study. Be that as it may, there were no apparent contrasts between the pre-and post-preparing understudy appraisals of their guidance. In general, educators showed exceptionally moderate additions in their capacity to train.

As the COVID-19 outbreak spread from early 2020 on, synchronous and asynchronous online learning became the predominant delivery method in the education system. This is the inaugural time that educational programs have indeed been totally given online across the state. So, this research aims to study the Indian student’s perception of synchronous and asynchronous online courses amid COVID-19. This study involved 655 responses from UG students of various Indian educational institutions. In this study, we utilized basic random sampling to gather data, and SPSS was used to analyse the data. To narrow down the enormous dimensionality, the acquired data were subjected to a factor analysis utilizing a principal component analytical method. The results of the study demonstrate that synchronous can be challenging at times and puts more responsibility on the students. Asynchronous learning also gives the learners the chance to independently investigate and explore the subjects that have been given to them. Another reason why asynchronous exercises were perceived as burdensome by students was the large number of handwritten tasks that had to be turned in quickly. The COVID-19 outbreak has indeed been difficult for both students and teachers nationwide. Yet, teachers have supported students' use of digital learning tools. Therefore, asynchronous and synchronous online courses together have produced balanced learning.

Purpose: The chronic nature of prostate cancer growth and progression leading to metastasis provides a large window for intervention. Herein, for the first time, we investigated the effect and associated mechanisms of silibinin phosphatidylcholine (silybin-phytosome) on established prostate tumors in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.Experimental Design: Twenty-week-old TRAMP male mice having palpable prostate tumor were fed with control or 0.5% and 1%, w/w, silybin-phytosome diets for 11 weeks and then sacrificed.Results: Dietary silibinin inhibited the growth of prostate tumors (up to 60%, P < 0.001) and suppressed tumor progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, with a complete absence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at higher doses. It also inhibited the incidence of tumor invasion of seminal vesicle (up to 81%, P < 0.001) with complete absence of distant metastasis. Silibinin moderately inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, but strongly suppressed tumor microvessel density (up to 60%, P < 0.001), vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression. Antibody array analysis of plasma showed a decrease in the circulatory levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), snail-1, and vimentin, and an increased level of E-cadherin were also observed, indicating the anti–epithelial-mesenchymal transition effect of silibinin in tumors.Conclusions: Overall, silibinin treatment of TRAMP mice bearing prostate tumor inhibited tumor growth, progression, local invasion, and distant metastasis involving suppression of tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings would have greater relevance for the ongoing phase II clinical trial with silibinin-phytosome in prostate cancer patients.

CCR Translation on the Article from Silibinin Inhibits Established Prostate Tumor Growth, Progression, Invasion, and Metastasis and Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Model Mice

Loss of SEMA3F occurs frequently in lung cancer and correlates with advanced stage of disease. We previously reported that SEMA3F blocked tumor formation by H157 lung cancer cells in a rat orthotopic model. This was associated with loss of activated αVβ3 integrin, impaired cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components, and down-regulation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). These results suggested that SEMA3F might interfere with integrin outside-in signaling. In the present report, we found that SEMA3F decreased adhesion to vitronectin, whereas integrin-linked kinase (ILK) kinase activity was down-regulated in SEMA3F-expressing H157 cells. Exposure to SEMA3F-conditioned medium led to diminution of phospho-ERK1/2 in four of eight lung cancer cell lines, and ILK silencing by small interfering RNA led to similar loss of phospho-ERK1/2 in H157 cells. Moreover, SEMA3F expression (with constitutive and inducible systems) also reduced AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation independently of ILK-ERK1/2. These signaling changes extended downstream to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels, which were both reduced in three of four SEMA3F-transfected cell lines. Mechanistically, the effects on HIF-1α were consistent with inhibition of its AKT-driven protein translation initiation, with no effect on HIF-1α mRNA level or protein degradation. Furthermore, when H157 cells were injected s.c. in nude mice, tumors derived from SEMA3F-expressing cells showed lower microvessel density and tumor growth. These results show that SEMA3F negatively affects ILK-ERK1/2 and AKT-STAT3 signaling, along with inhibition of HIF-1α and VEGF. These changes would be anticipated to contribute significantly to the observed antitumor activity of SEMA3F. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8708–15]

Supplementary Figure 1, Table 1, Methods and Materials from Semaphorin SEMA3F Affects Multiple Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer Cells

India sees a 23% rise in podcast listening after the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic and screen fatigue led people to seek out old favourite audio podcasts. Podcast genre classification allows listeners to compile a playlist of their favourite tracks; this also helps podcast streaming services provide recommendations to users based on the genre of the podcasts they enjoy. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for educational content in all forms, including podcasts, has skyrocketed, making it even more crucial to anticipate the genre of educational podcasts. Educational podcasts are a sub-genre of the broader education genre and typically involve audio recordings of discussions, lectures, or interviews on educational topics. Education podcast genre prediction is required to efficiently classify and arrange educational content and make it simpler for listeners to access and absorb pertinent information. This study focuses on Podcast Genre Prediction, specifically for the Hindi language. In our study, our developed PodGen dataset is used, which consists of 550 podcasts of 5 minutes each and have a total of 26,867 sentences, where every podcast has been manually annotated into one of the four genre categories (Horror, Motivational, Crime, and Romance). The performance comparison of state-of-the-art machine learning techniques on the PodGen dataset is used to demonstrate accuracy. The best performance was observed in the case of the Support Vector Classifier model with balanced accuracy:82.42%, precision (weighted):83.09%, recall (weighted):82.42%, and F1 score(weighted):82.39% on testing data.

We model the two-dimensional h-BN layers to investigate the electronic properties. The monolayer and bilayer configurations are considered for the 2D h-BN. The bilayers are constructed in the AAʹ and AB stackings. The first-principles calculations using periodic linear combination of atomic orbitals method within the framework of density functional theory are attempted. The lattice constants and interlayer distances are relaxed to predict preferred structures. The electronic band structure, density of states and the bandgap are presented and compared. Current results agree well with the reported experimental findings.

Electrical burns account for a small percentage of all burn injuries. However, in burn patients, they are a major source of disability. They put socioeconomic burden on the society. This is a retrospective epidemiological study of 282 electrical burn patients admitted in burn unit of a tertiary care hospital of North India. Majority of the electrical burn was due to accidental touching of uncovered wires and occupation-related burns in laborers and industrial workers who were mainly young males in the age group 20 to 40 years. Most of the cases were of high-voltage (≥1000 V) electrical burns. More severe burns, longer hospital stays, and more problems and operations were all linked to high-voltage burns. Amputation rates for high-voltage burns were significantly higher (37.3%) as compared to low-voltage burns (13.6%). Electrical burn injuries can be prevented by awareness programs, proper training, and safety measures both by public and government.

Introduction: Improvement in technology for endoscopic instrumentation and lithotripsy devices has allowed much advancement in ureteroscopic lithotripsy and has, to an extent, replaced open stone surgery. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is a more effective treatment of ureteric stones as compared to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) but has a downside as it requires spinal or general anaesthesia. Patients and methods: In this record-based cohort study, we evaluated the outcome of URSL under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia in 150 patients with lower and mid ureteric calculus to establish its feasibility, safety, and tolerability. Results: Association of various factors with overall outcome in terms of stone-free status and pain was analyzed in 149 patients. In patients with a stone of size < 10mm, calculus was completely fragmented and retrieved in 94.7%, while in patients with calculus of size >10mm, stone-free status was achieved in 82.2% ( statistically significant P value 0.016 ). The success rate of URSL for mid ureteric calculus was 86% whereas, for lower and VUJ calculus, it was 90.2%. DJ stent placement before planned URSL was done in 81.3% of patients. We observed no statistically significant difference in achieving stone-free status with respect to laterality, location of calculus (P-value 0.427), and DJ stenting before URSL (P-value 0.430). Laterality of calculus (left-sided) had a statistically significant effect on the severity of pain in our study(P-value 0.047). URSL under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia were acceptable to 70.5 % of patients, while 6% of patients opined it as a painful procedure. We have observed a statistically significant relationship of calculus size with achieving stone-free status (P-value 0.016). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that URSL as a daycare procedure is feasible under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia, as a majority of patients tolerate the procedure and outcome in form of stone clearance is not compromised.

The hand is one of the top 3 locations for burn scar contracture deformity. The functionality of the hands is one of the primary determinants of burns survivors’ quality of life. Although most burn abnormalities are preventable, they do arise when adequate treatment is not delivered in an emergency or when they are part of a major burn. Reconstructive surgeries can significantly improve hand function. For a burn’s survivor, the right methods and timing of surgery, followed by supervised physiotherapy, can be a game changer.

Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the definite treatment for acute leukemia but considering HSCT is challenging for the patients. There are many studies that have described the patients’ experience after HSCT but very few studies have reported their experience before going for HSCT and there is no published report in India on patients’ experience before HSCT. Objective We conducted a qualitative study to understand barriers, and support-system while considering HSCT and the chances of getting matched unrelated donor (MUD) for these patients. Materials and Methods The present study was a qualitative study. Demographic details of 514 patients who consented for the study were noted and the patients and their families were interviewed using a semistructured interview booklet before HSCT. The interview sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for emerging themes. The study data were analyzed using QDA Miner Lite 4.0 software (Provalis Research, Montreal, Canada). Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used. The chances of getting a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor were also computed by “HLA-matching software.” Results Acute myeloid leukemia (64.01%) was commoner than acute lymphoid leukemia (35.99%) with male: female ratio as 1.98:1. The study showed nine themes as barriers and six themes emerged in regard to the support system for HSCT decision making. The biggest barriers identified among these patients pre-HSCT were related to cost, probability of “success of transplant,” and probable “quality of life.” The family support was the biggest support system variable followed by “treating doctor.” The chances of getting a MUD for these patients were 13.22% and 5.44% in global and Indian data pool, respectively. Conclusion Deciding upon HSCT can be challenging for patients and understanding of barriers and support-system variables among these patients would provide important insights and help design better counseling techniques for such patients of HSCT and future studies in this context.

In metro cities, the effective and efficient management of traffic is one of the most demanding and time taking tasks. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) provide unfailing, low-cost solutions for transportation systems with intelligence. VANET, a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), allows exchange of information among vehicles and/or roadside devices. VANET can be implemented in numerous application areas such as effective traffic management, safety, and user comfort for drivers as well as passengers. It provides phenomenal growth to both in industries and research communities. Secure mobility and handoff management are the most promising and challenging research issues in VANET. In this paper, we have introduced the security in intra domain mobility handoff in PMIPv6 for VANET. Existing intra handover schemes does not include the authentication cost while evaluating the total packet delivery cost for intra domain handoff. Our proposed scheme includes the authentication cost of an intra-domain handover for evaluating the total packet delivery cost of handover for next-generation mobility management protocols, which is PMIPv6 for the vehicular network. We have considered the vital parameters such as the number of MAGs, setup cost, binding update cost, unit transmission cost for analyzing the total packet delivery cost. Furthermore, a comparative study with authentication and without authentication cost for the considered parameters shows that our proposed scheme secures the handover process with slight variation in cost.

Seedling selection and characterization of superior genotypes of walnut in two districts of Himachal Pradesh, Solan and Sirmour were surveyed to identify, select and characterize the prevalent diversity based on growth, fower and nut traits to build a sound database of selected types for future use in crop improvement works. The seedling populations were systematically studied after following UPOV guidelines based on 48 characters. Out of the total, 16 characters were selected to establish a sound and stable database. The quantum of variation observed was categorized in three specific ranges from the total observed variation obtained from evaluation and genotypes classed under each character ranges. Plant height ranged from 4.5–16.5 m, trunk girth 0.5–3.5 m, yield 15–16 kg/tree leaf size (length 20–46 cm, width 20–42 cm), leafet (length 4–16 cm, width 2–8 cm, leafet number 4–10, leaf area 250–650 cm2, catkin number 3.5–5.5, nut weight 7–16 g, nut thickness 20–36 mm). Shell thickness 1.25–2. 75 mm, kernel weight 2.5 to 9.25 g, kernel thickness 18–30 mm and kernel percentage 20–65. A database was developed and six promising types were identifed and described.

Objective: Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are neoplastic blood disorders in which the cancerous white blood cells accumulate, resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association is observed as one of the factors in the development of leukemia. The objective of the present study was to analyze the allele frequency of HLA Class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and Class II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) in Indian acute leukemia patients and to compare them with the frequencies in healthy, unrelated Indian individuals. Materials and Methods: We included 500 Indian leukemic patients (AML = 324 and ALL = 176) and 1000 unrelated, healthy, Indian individuals as controls. The HLA typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Results: On univariate analysis, allele frequencies of HLA-AFN*0111 and HLA-DRB1FN*0111 were lower in patients with ALL (P = 0.0181 and P = 0.0025, respectively). Whereas of HLA-AFN*0111, HLA-DRB1FN*0111, and HLA-BFN*0151, these frequencies were relatively lower in patients with acute leukemia (AML + ALL) (P = 0.0382, P = 0.0093 and P = 0.0384, respectively) and HLA-CFNx0101 (P = 0.0304) in AML when compared with control individuals. In contrast, the HLA-BFN*0139 and HLA-CFN*0107 allele frequency was higher in acute leukemia (P = 0.00372 and P = 0.0463, respectively) and in AML (P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0178, respectively) than that in controls. On multivariate analysis, BFNx0139 showed positive associations with acute leukemia (P = 0.006) and AML (P = 0.002). HLA-AFN*0111 and-DRB1FN*0111 showed a negative association with acute leukemia (P = 0.009 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and ALL (P = 0.013 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The HLA-BFN*0139 has a positive association with AML and acute leukemia, whereas HLA-AFN*0111 and HLA-DRB1FN*0111 alleles have negative association with ALL and HLA-BFN*0151 along with these two alleles with acute leukemia. No positive association was observed with ALL. HLA-CFN*0101 frequency was lower in AML patients than that in controls.