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Introduction: Anomalies of the oral and dental structures can be isolated or represent a manifestation of a general disorder or a syndrome. Oral anomalies may lead to functional and aesthetic disorders, and their recognition contributes to early diagnosis and treatment planning. Hence, their recognition is of great significance for a timely and accurate diagnosis. Hence, the present study aimed to know the prevalence of oral anomalies in school-going children. Aim: The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of oral anomalies in schoolchildren between the age group of 5 and 14 years located in Vadodara city. Methodology: The study was comprised of 7533 schoolchildren (male – 4211 and female – 3322) aged between 5 years and 14 years. All of the study participants underwent an oral screening examination for oral health and developmental anomalies. Results: Out of 7533 children, 65 (42 – male and 22 – female) had oral anomalies, with a prevalence of 0.86%. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth and fusion was 0.37% and 0.07%, respectively. Ankyloglossia showed an equal frequency in both sexes, with a prevalence value of 0.02%. The prevalence value of 0.10% and 0.06% was noted in talon's cusp and cleft lip and palate, respectively. With 0.03% prevalence, microdontia showed an equal sex predilection. With a prevalence value of 0.01%, the least common anomalies found here were geographic tongue, microdontia and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Conclusion: Oral anomalies occur with different frequencies in many countries of the world amongst different ethnic or regional groups. Early identification of these anomalies is noteworthy in planning comprehensive management of the young child.

The hippocampal formation is responsible for memory processing, learning, spatial navigation, and emotions. It includes the indusium griseum, longitudinal striae, gyrus fasciolaris, hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) and part of the uncus. The hippocampus has the archipallial cortex and is formed by the infoldings of the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis and subiculum. The dentate gyrus is a narrow crenated strip of grey matter. The dentate gyrus consists of three layers, from the outside in: the molecular layer, granular layer, and polymorphic layer. The granular neurons receive input from the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex) via the perforant pathway. The granular neurons send mossy fibers to the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells present in the cornu ammonis. The axons of hippocampal pyramidal cells form a sheet of white fibers known as the alveus which continues as fimbria and fornix. The fornix projects into the septal area. From the septal area few fibers synapse into the cingulate gyrus which returns to the hippocampus. The neuronal intrinsic circuit, known as the Papez circuit of the hippocampus, plays a crucial role in the memory processing.

The peripheral cementifying fibroma (PCF) is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the maxillary anterior region in teenagers and young adults. We report a case of peripheral cementifying fibroma occurring on the buccal gingiva in relation to the mandibular left canine & first premolar region in a 27 year old female patient. Keywords: Peripheral Cementifying Fibroma, Cementum-like calcifications, Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma

Nasal Natural Killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma, commonly mentioned in the literature as Lethal Midline Granuloma (LMG) is an unusual pathology of the oro-maxillo-facial region characterized by aggressive and progressive destruction of the face, nose, palate and pharynx. This disease is now classified as a T-cell lymphoma based on modern cytogenetics, immunologic and molecular studies. However, it is mentioned in various literatures by various names. Here, we present one such clinically diagnosed, histopathologically and immunologically confirmed case of LMG, designated as NK/T cell lymphoma in a 56-year-old male. The uncommon presentation of NK/T cell lymphomas should be kept as a differential diagnosis for management of patients.

Erythema multiforme, (EM) an u ncommon, acute inflammatory reactive mucocutaneous disorder and primary allergies confined to the oral mucosa. However the subsequent attacks can produce more severe forms of EM involving the skin. Manifestations of EM are varied and Present a diagnostic dilemma because infections (particularly herpes simplex and mycoplasma pneumoniae) and drugs seem to predispose towards development of EM. We report two cases of erythema multiforme in which drugs (Dioclofenac sodium & Amoxycilline) seems to be precipitating factor. In addition, the article reviews various aspects of EM as relevant to dental practice and highlight the associated potential etiologic agents, pathogenic mechanisms and therapies.