19 results on '"Girgin, Z. Canan"'
Search Results
2. Research on the normality of the plastic strain vector to the yield surface in RC sections
- Author
-
Girgin, Konuralp, Girgin, Z. Canan, and Aksoylu, M. Gunhan
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A numerical method for static and free-vibration analysis of non-uniform Timoshenko beam-columns
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan and Girgin, Konuralp
- Subjects
Stress analysis (Engineering) -- Research ,Structural analysis (Engineering) -- Research ,Columns -- Research ,Stability -- Research ,Nonlinear theories -- Research ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Research - Abstract
Abstract: A generalized numerical method is proposed to derive the static and dynamic stiffness matrices and to handle the nodal load vector for static analysis of non-uniform Timoshenko beam-columns under [...]
- Published
- 2006
4. A numerical method for static or dynamic stiffness matrix of non-uniform members resting on variable elastic foundations
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan and Girgin, Konuralp
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reticulated Timber Domes
- Author
-
DEMİRBAŞ, Burcu and GİRGİN, Z. Canan
- Subjects
Architecture ,Lamine ahşap kiriş,Geniş açıklık,Çubuk ağı kubbe,Ahşap,Düğüm noktası ,Glulam,Large-span,Reticulated dome,Wood,Node ,Mimarlık - Abstract
ÖzGeniş açıklıklı yapı ihtiyacına yönelik tasarım anlayışının, 20. yy’ın başlarından itibaren kendini gösterdiğisöylenebilir. Bu anlayışta, malzeme, biçim ve taşıyıcı sistem bir bütün halinde değerlendirilir ve tasarıma katılır.20.yy’ın ikinci yarısından itibaren gelişen lamine ahşap kompozit eleman (glulam) üretim teknolojileri, genişaçıklıklı ahşap yapı tasarımını mümkün kılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çubuk ağı kabuk sistemler genelinde; önemlibir uygulama alanı bulan tek tabakalı ahşap kubbeler incelenmektedir. Malzeme, form ve taşıyıcı sisteminverimliliği, bilinen en geniş açıklıklı ahşap kubbe örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenmektedir.Kubbe maliyetine etki eden parametrelerden biri taşıyıcı sistemin tipi ve basıklığıdır, jeodezik sistem ekonomikliğiile tercih edilmektedir. Birleşimlerin teşkil biçimi ve yükleri taşıma kapasitesinin yanısıra; kubbe yüklerininzemine aktarılma biçimi de önemlidir. İncelenen örneklerden, yüklerin payandadan çekme çemberine aktarımbiçiminin en uygun çözüm olduğu görülmektedir., It can be said that the concept of design for the needs of the wide span structure has emerged from thebeginning of the 20th century. In this approach, the material, form and structural system are evaluated asa whole and are included in the design. Since the second half of the 20th century, the production of gluelaminated members (glulam) has made possible to design wide span wooden structures. In this study, singlelayerreticulated wooden domes which have an important position in application area are adressed. Theefficiency of the material, form and structural system is investigated on the well known largest-span timberdomes. One of the parameters affecting the cost of the dome is the type and aspect ratio of the structuralsystem, geodesic system is economically preferred. In addition to the load carrying capacity of nodes andconnections, transferring of the loads on domes to the ground is also important. The load transfer frombuttresses to the tension ring seems the most appropriate solution.
- Published
- 2019
6. Reticulated timber domes
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan and Demirbaş, Berru
- Subjects
Çubuk Ağı Kubbe ,Ahşap ,Geniş Açıklık ,Düğüm Noktası ,Glulam ,Lamine Ahşap Kiriş ,Node ,Reticulated Dome ,Wood ,Large-Span - Abstract
Geniş açıklıklı yapı ihtiyacına yönelik tasarım anlayışının, 20. yy’ın başlarından itibaren kendini gösterdiği söylenebilir. Bu anlayışta, malzeme, biçim ve taşıyıcı sistem bir bütün halinde değerlendirilir ve tasarıma katılır. 20.yy’ın ikinci yarısından itibaren gelişen lamine ahşap kompozit eleman (glulam) üretim teknolojileri, geniş açıklıklı ahşap yapı tasarımını mümkün kılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çubuk ağı kabuk sistemler genelinde; önemli bir uygulama alanı bulan tek tabakalı ahşap kubbeler incelenmektedir. Malzeme, form ve taşıyıcı sistemin verimliliği, bilinen en geniş açıklıklı ahşap kubbe örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenmektedir. Kubbe maliyetine etki eden parametrelerden biri taşıyıcı sistemin tipi ve basıklığıdır, jeodezik sistem ekonomikliği ile tercih edilmektedir. Birleşimlerin teşkil biçimi ve yükleri taşıma kapasitesinin yanısıra; kubbe yüklerinin zemine aktarılma biçimi de önemlidir. İncelenen örneklerden, yüklerin payandadan çekme çemberine aktarım biçiminin en uygun çözüm olduğu görülmektedir. It can be said that the concept of design for the needs of the wide span structure has emerged from the beginning of the 20th century. In this approach, the material, form and structural system are evaluated as a whole and are included in the design. Since the second half of the 20th century, the production of glue laminated members (glulam) has made possible to design wide span wooden structures. In this study, singlelayer reticulated wooden domes which have an important position in application area are adressed. The efficiency of the material, form and structural system is investigated on the well known largest-span timber domes. One of the parameters affecting the cost of the dome is the type and aspect ratio of the structural system, geodesic system is economically preferred. In addition to the load carrying capacity of nodes and connections, transferring of the loads on domes to the ground is also important. The load transfer from buttresses to the tension ring seems the most appropriate solution.
- Published
- 2019
7. Cephe Malzemesi Olarak Atmosferik Korozyona Dayanıklı Çelikler ve Dayanıklılığa Etki Eden Faktörler = Factors Affecting Weathering Steel Durability As Facade Material
- Author
-
ES, Kübra Cansu and GİRGİN, Z. Canan
- Subjects
Atmosferik korozyona dayanıklı çelik,dayanıklılık,WS,HSLA,Korozyon,Cephe,Weathering steel,durability,Corrosion,Facade - Abstract
ÖzetYapının dış kabuğu olan cephe elemanının malzemesinin belirlenmesinde dayanıklılık faktörü önemli bir parametredir.Bu parametre, aynı zamanda malzemenin verimlilik koşullarını sürdürebileceği süreyi belirtir. Atmosferikkoşullara dayanıklı çeliklerin incelenmesi, bu araştırmanın içeriğini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, yüksekdayanımlı düşük alaşımlı çeliklerin dayanıklılığına etki eden kimyasal bileşenler, çevre koşulları ve bunların karşılıklıetkileşimlerine yer verilmiştir. Alaşım elementlerinin, zaman içerisinde yüzeyde kontrollu pas-patina tabakasıoluşum mekanizması ve sürecine etkisinin yanısıra, atmosferik koşullar ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, bu kapsamdaTürkiye’den tipik güncel bir örnek olarak, Piri Reis Üniversitesi’nde yapılan cephe uygulaması irdelenmiştir.AbstractThe durability factor is an important parameter in determining the material of the facade element, which is theouter shell of the structure. At the same time, durability specifies the amount of time that the material can maintainthe performance values. The purpose of this study is to determine the durability of the weathering steel (WS)which is in low-alloy high strength steel (HSLA) group. The study includes chemical parameters in alloying materials,their interactions and durability factor of WS under atmospheric conditions. Accordingly, the formationmechanism and process of controlled patina layer, involved parameters are discussed. In addition, the facade applicationat Piri Reis University is examined as a typical case study from Turkey in this context.
- Published
- 2018
8. Dünyada Yapay Hafif Agregalı Yapısal Beton Uygulamaları ve Doğal Pomza Agreganın Kullanılabılırlığı = Expanded Lightweight Aggregates In The Worldwide Structural Concrete Applications And The Usability Of Natural Pumice Aggregates
- Author
-
YOLCU, Cihan and GİRGİN, Z. Canan
- Subjects
Engineering ,Mühendislik ,Hafif agrega,bims (pomza),yüksek performans,mekanik büyüklükler,Lightweight aggregate,pumice,high performance,mechanical characteristics - Abstract
Özet20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren yapay hafif agreganın üretilmesi ve gitgide yaygınlaşması; antik zamanlardanberi kullanılan doğal hafif agregaların uygulama alanlarının daralmasına neden olmuştur. Yapay hafif agregalarınbetonda kullanımı ile, betonarme veya ön üretimli beton yapılarda ağırlıktan tasarruf sağlanırken, istenenperformans kriterleri de daha kolaylıkla yerine getirilebilmektedir. Doğal hafif agrega kullanımına ilginin azalması,araştırma ve üretimin düşük dayanımlı taşıyıcı olmayan yapı elemanlarına (blok vb) doğru değişimine neden olmuştur.Bu çalışmada, hafif agregalı betonun tarihçesi ve betondan beklenen mekanik özelliklere ilave olarak; iriagreganın tamamının hafif agrega olarak seçilmesi durumunda, yüksek dayanım ve yüksek performans kriterlerininkarşılanabilirliği literatürdeki güncel deneysel veriler ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin önemli bir doğalkaynağı olan, iri agrega olarak ancak bloklarda değerlendirilen bims (pomza) agreganın, dünyadaki örnekler ışığında,taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarında kullanılabilirliği yorumlanmak-tadır.AbstractArtificial lightweight production since the early 20th century and its commonly utilization caused to consumptionreduction of natural lightweight aggregates used since ancient times. The usage of lightweight aggregates in concretelead the saving in dead weight and to provide the performance criteria more easily. The demand decreasein natural lightweight aggregate tended their consumptions to the nonstructural lightweight masonry blocks.The history of lightweight-aggregate concrete and mechanical properties to be anticipated are presented in thisstudy. From the current literature, the requirements of high strength and high performance criteria were investigatedfor the case of supplying the coarse aggregates fully from lightweight aggregates. In addition, pumice,which is an important natural source of Turkey, is examined in view of usability in structural concrete.
- Published
- 2018
9. Expanded lightweight aggregates in the worldwide structural concrete applications and the usability of natural pumice aggregates
- Author
-
Yolcu, Cihan and Girgin, Z. Canan
- Subjects
Yüksek Performans ,Lightweight Aggregate ,Hafif Agrega ,Pumice ,Bims (Pomza) ,Mechanical Characteristics ,Mekanik Büyüklükler ,High Performance - Abstract
20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren yapay hafif agreganın üretilmesi ve gitgide yaygınlaşması; antik zamanlardan beri kullanılan doğal hafif agregaların uygulama alanlarının daralmasına neden olmuştur. Yapay hafif agregaların betonda kullanımı ile, betonarme veya ön üretimli beton yapılarda ağırlıktan tasarruf sağlanırken, istenen performans kriterleri de daha kolaylıkla yerine getirilebilmektedir. Doğal hafif agrega kullanımına ilginin azalması, araştırma ve üretimin düşük dayanımlı taşıyıcı olmayan yapı elemanlarına (blok vb) doğru değişimine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, hafif agregalı betonun tarihçesi ve betondan beklenen mekanik özelliklere ilave olarak; iri agreganın tamamının hafif agrega olarak seçilmesi durumunda, yüksek dayanım ve yüksek performans kriterlerinin karşılanabilirliği literatürdeki güncel deneysel veriler ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin önemli bir doğal kaynağı olan, iri agrega olarak ancak bloklarda değerlendirilen bims (pomza) agreganın, dünyadaki örnekler ışığında, taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarında kullanılabilirliği yorumlanmak-tadır. Artificial lightweight production since the early 20th century and its commonly utilization caused to consumption reduction of natural lightweight aggregates used since ancient times. The usage of lightweight aggregates in concrete lead the saving in dead weight and to provide the performance criteria more easily. The demand decrease in natural lightweight aggregate tended their consumptions to the nonstructural lightweight masonry blocks. The history of lightweight-aggregate concrete and mechanical properties to be anticipated are presented in this study. From the current literature, the requirements of high strength and high performance criteria were investigated for the case of supplying the coarse aggregates fully from lightweight aggregates. In addition, pumice, which is an important natural source of Turkey, is examined in view of usability in structural concrete.
- Published
- 2017
10. Factors affecting weathering steel durability as facade material
- Author
-
Es, Kübra Cansu and Girgin, Z. Canan
- Subjects
WS ,Corrosion ,Weathering Steel ,Korozyon ,Dayanıklılık ,HSLA ,Atmosferik Korozyona Dayanıklı Çelik ,Facade ,Durability ,Cephe - Abstract
Yapının dış kabuğu olan cephe elemanının malzemesinin belirlenmesinde dayanıklılık faktörü önemli bir parametredir. Bu parametre, aynı zamanda malzemenin verimlilik koşullarını sürdürebileceği süreyi belirtir. Atmosferik koşullara dayanıklı çeliklerin incelenmesi, bu araştırmanın içeriğini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, yüksek dayanımlı düşük alaşımlı çeliklerin dayanıklılığına etki eden kimyasal bileşenler, çevre koşulları ve bunların karşılıklı etkileşimlerine yer verilmiştir. Alaşım elementlerinin, zaman içerisinde yüzeyde kontrollu pas-patina tabakası oluşum mekanizması ve sürecine etkisinin yanısıra, atmosferik koşullar ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, bu kapsamda Türkiye’den tipik güncel bir örnek olarak, Piri Reis Üniversitesi’nde yapılan cephe uygulaması irdelenmiştir. The durability factor is an important parameter in determining the material of the facade element, which is the outer shell of the structure. At the same time, durability specifies the amount of time that the material can maintain the performance values. The purpose of this study is to determine the durability of the weathering steel (WS) which is in low-alloy high strength steel (HSLA) group. The study includes chemical parameters in alloying materials, their interactions and durability factor of WS under atmospheric conditions. Accordingly, the formation mechanism and process of controlled patina layer, involved parameters are discussed. In addition, the facade application at Piri Reis University is examined as a typical case study from Turkey in this context.
- Published
- 2017
11. Çapraz Lamine Ahşap (CLT) Duvar-Döşeme Birleşiminin Yapısal Davranışının Deneysel İncelenmesi.
- Author
-
CEYLAN, Aygül and GİRGİN, Z. Canan
- Abstract
Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Research on the normality of the plastic strain vector to the yield surface in RC sections
- Author
-
Girgin, Konuralp, primary, Girgin, Z. Canan, additional, and Aksoylu, M. Gunhan, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Bazı düzensizlikler içeren büyük yapı sistemlerinin yatay yüklere göre hesabı için bir yöntem
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan, Karadoğan, Hüseyin Faruk, and Diğer
- Subjects
Horizontal loads ,High structures ,İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
The method presented is utilized to compose the results of the individual analyses of two dimensional substructures which can also be executed by different computers with parallel processor as well. The proposed method is a versatile tool for the lateral load analysis of three dimensional framed structures with several kinds of irregularities. Among those irregularities, the inplane deformations of slabs with or without big openings and any kind of cross-sectional variations can be stated. The number of unknowns is not increased by this method. All the irregularities associated with element are taken into account on the element level preparatory works referring to a unified single algorithm. Utilizing that algorithm, it has been proven that tapered beams partially or fully in contact with soil can be handled according to the first and second order theories. All the numerical examples indicate a good convergency rate which is achieved both in the element and system level on the iterations for any kind of non-linearity. XXViii- Openings in the slabs and / or in the shear walls can be considered easily. Sometimes their effects on the overall structural behavior and on the fields of internal forces are not negligible. The achieved accuracy by means of the proposed procedure is very high. The well known computer program SAP90 has been used for having reliable comparisons. iv- All kinds of irregularities on the element level are satisfactorily taken into account by means of the proposed algorithm based on conjugate beam theorem. Very few iterations are needed to achieve a reasonable accuracy. From engineering point of view, if the intervals are chosen as / meter then a relative accuracy at the order of 1E-3 approximately can be obtained and if the intervals reduced to 1/4 th of it then the relative accuracy rises up to 1E-7 approximately. Shortly it can be specified that the required accuracy is not strongly dependent on the number of section and interval. The algorithm is a stable procedure as well even though the successive iteration procedure performed is very close to the stability load of the element or when it is nearby the resonance frequencies. But it has to be noticed that in several cases such as the elements supported by elastic soil media have the characteristic length of yl = 2.3, the number of iterations necessary for a specified accuracy becomes very high. This case occurs in the regions where discontinuities are expected. The easiest way of overcoming this difficulty, is to divide the element to independent elements. v- Boundary non-linearity can easily be taken into account setting up an successive iterative procedure. Specified accuracy is obtained after 3-4 iterations. vi- Distributed plastic deformations are easily taken into account in the supposed algorithm. A relative accuracy at the order of 1E-5 in the element level can be achieved after 6-7 successive iterations at a certain load level which is even very close to the collapse load parameter of the structure. vii- As it is expected, ultimate load capacities determined according to the assumptions that plastic deformations are distributed or accumulated are very close to each other in the case of steel structures. The structure has collapsed due to excessive displacements and reducing rigidities in a high load level. viii- Plastic deformations are getting more distributed as it is achieved in the case of laterally loaded reinforced concrete pile or short column with single curvature. viv- The non-linearity due to geometrical changes is also taken into account in the analysis of the pile. The pile has been collapsed by rupturing in a section before buckling load parameter. w- The non-linear behavior of soil and the group effect among the piles in a pile group are also taken into consideration by proposed algorithm. After having had all the explanations above, one can easily conclude that the following contributions to the present knowledge have been done by this research work: xxivThe method presented is utilized to compose the results of the individual analyses of two dimensional substructures which can also be executed by different computers with parallel processor as well. The proposed method is a versatile tool for the lateral load analysis of three dimensional framed structures with several kinds of irregularities. Among those irregularities, the inplane deformations of slabs with or without big openings and any kind of cross-sectional variations can be stated. The number of unknowns is not increased by this method. All the irregularities associated with element are taken into account on the element level preparatory works referring to a unified single algorithm. Utilizing that algorithm, it has been proven that tapered beams partially or fully in contact with soil can be handled according to the first and second order theories. All the numerical examples indicate a good convergency rate which is achieved both in the element and system level on the iterations for any kind of non-linearity. XXViii- Openings in the slabs and / or in the shear walls can be considered easily. Sometimes their effects on the overall structural behavior and on the fields of internal forces are not negligible. The achieved accuracy by means of the proposed procedure is very high. The well known computer program SAP90 has been used for having reliable comparisons. iv- All kinds of irregularities on the element level are satisfactorily taken into account by means of the proposed algorithm based on conjugate beam theorem. Very few iterations are needed to achieve a reasonable accuracy. From engineering point of view, if the intervals are chosen as / meter then a relative accuracy at the order of 1E-3 approximately can be obtained and if the intervals reduced to 1/4 th of it then the relative accuracy rises up to 1E-7 approximately. Shortly it can be specified that the required accuracy is not strongly dependent on the number of section and interval. The algorithm is a stable procedure as well even though the successive iteration procedure performed is very close to the stability load of the element or when it is nearby the resonance frequencies. But it has to be noticed that in several cases such as the elements supported by elastic soil media have the characteristic length of yl = 2.3, the number of iterations necessary for a specified accuracy becomes very high. This case occurs in the regions where discontinuities are expected. The easiest way of overcoming this difficulty, is to divide the element to independent elements. v- Boundary non-linearity can easily be taken into account setting up an successive iterative procedure. Specified accuracy is obtained after 3-4 iterations. vi- Distributed plastic deformations are easily taken into account in the supposed algorithm. A relative accuracy at the order of 1E-5 in the element level can be achieved after 6-7 successive iterations at a certain load level which is even very close to the collapse load parameter of the structure. vii- As it is expected, ultimate load capacities determined according to the assumptions that plastic deformations are distributed or accumulated are very close to each other in the case of steel structures. The structure has collapsed due to excessive displacements and reducing rigidities in a high load level. viii- Plastic deformations are getting more distributed as it is achieved in the case of laterally loaded reinforced concrete pile or short column with single curvature. viv- The non-linearity due to geometrical changes is also taken into account in the analysis of the pile. The pile has been collapsed by rupturing in a section before buckling load parameter. w- The non-linear behavior of soil and the group effect among the piles in a pile group are also taken into consideration by proposed algorithm. After having had all the explanations above, one can easily conclude that the following contributions to the present knowledge have been done by this research work: xxivThe method presented is utilized to compose the results of the individual analyses of two dimensional substructures which can also be executed by different computers with parallel processor as well. The proposed method is a versatile tool for the lateral load analysis of three dimensional framed structures with several kinds of irregularities. Among those irregularities, the inplane deformations of slabs with or without big openings and any kind of cross-sectional variations can be stated. The number of unknowns is not increased by this method. All the irregularities associated with element are taken into account on the element level preparatory works referring to a unified single algorithm. Utilizing that algorithm, it has been proven that tapered beams partially or fully in contact with soil can be handled according to the first and second order theories. All the numerical examples indicate a good convergency rate which is achieved both in the element and system level on the iterations for any kind of non-linearity. XXViii- Openings in the slabs and / or in the shear walls can be considered easily. Sometimes their effects on the overall structural behavior and on the fields of internal forces are not negligible. The achieved accuracy by means of the proposed procedure is very high. The well known computer program SAP90 has been used for having reliable comparisons. iv- All kinds of irregularities on the element level are satisfactorily taken into account by means of the proposed algorithm based on conjugate beam theorem. Very few iterations are needed to achieve a reasonable accuracy. From engineering point of view, if the intervals are chosen as / meter then a relative accuracy at the order of 1E-3 approximately can be obtained and if the intervals reduced to 1/4 th of it then the relative accuracy rises up to 1E-7 approximately. Shortly it can be specified that the required accuracy is not strongly dependent on the number of section and interval. The algorithm is a stable procedure as well even though the successive iteration procedure performed is very close to the stability load of the element or when it is nearby the resonance frequencies. But it has to be noticed that in several cases such as the elements supported by elastic soil media have the characteristic length of yl = 2.3, the number of iterations necessary for a specified accuracy becomes very high. This case occurs in the regions where discontinuities are expected. The easiest way of overcoming this difficulty, is to divide the element to independent elements. v- Boundary non-linearity can easily be taken into account setting up an successive iterative procedure. Specified accuracy is obtained after 3-4 iterations. vi- Distributed plastic deformations are easily taken into account in the supposed algorithm. A relative accuracy at the order of 1E-5 in the element level can be achieved after 6-7 successive iterations at a certain load level which is even very close to the collapse load parameter of the structure. vii- As it is expected, ultimate load capacities determined according to the assumptions that plastic deformations are distributed or accumulated are very close to each other in the case of steel structures. The structure has collapsed due to excessive displacements and reducing rigidities in a high load level. viii- Plastic deformations are getting more distributed as it is achieved in the case of laterally loaded reinforced concrete pile or short column with single curvature. viv- The non-linearity due to geometrical changes is also taken into account in the analysis of the pile. The pile has been collapsed by rupturing in a section before buckling load parameter. w- The non-linear behavior of soil and the group effect among the piles in a pile group are also taken into consideration by proposed algorithm. After having had all the explanations above, one can easily conclude that the following contributions to the present knowledge have been done by this research work: xxivThe method presented is utilized to compose the results of the individual analyses of two dimensional substructures which can also be executed by different computers with parallel processor as well. The proposed method is a versatile tool for the lateral load analysis of three dimensional framed structures with several kinds of irregularities. Among those irregularities, the inplane deformations of slabs with or without big openings and any kind of cross-sectional variations can be stated. The number of unknowns is not increased by this method. All the irregularities associated with element are taken into account on the element level preparatory works referring to a unified single algorithm. Utilizing that algorithm, it has been proven that tapered beams partially or fully in contact with soil can be handled according to the first and second order theories. All the numerical examples indicate a good convergency rate which is achieved both in the element and system level on the iterations for any kind of non-linearity. XXV 146
- Published
- 1996
14. Modified Failure Criterion to Predict Ultimate Strength of Circular Columns Confined by Different Material.
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan
- Subjects
REINFORCED concrete ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,STRENGTH of materials ,CONCRETE columns ,CONCRETE construction ,TUBES - Abstract
This study addresses the extension of a failure criterion developed for rock data to small or near full-size circular concrete columns confined by different materials. Initially, a wide range database on small-scale specimens confined by fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets or tubes and analytical studies were evaluated to predict the ultimate compressive strength. Then, the reinforced concrete (RC) short-columns retrofitted with FRP jacket were examined through available data. The research further covers middle- or near fullscale columns confined by FRP composites and steel reinforcement. All of these estimations were conducted within a unified approach to the failure criterion. Thus, the ultimate compressive strength for different confining materials can be predicted easily and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Evaluation of Strength Criteria for Very-High-Strength Concretes under Triaxial Compression.
- Author
-
Girgin, Z. Canan, Arıoglu, Nihal, and Arıoglu, Ergin
- Subjects
HIGH strength concrete ,MATERIALS compression testing ,CONCRETE testing ,STRENGTH of materials ,FRACTURE mechanics - Abstract
In this study, the empirical relationships proposed in the current literature were verified to assess their validity for compressive strengths between 60 and 132 MPa (8700 to 19,145 psi). A relationship was suggested to predict the ultimate strength of very high-strength concrete under triaxial compression. Furthermore, strength criteria essentially developed to estimate the ultimate strength of intact rock were applied to the concrete. The results of triaxial tests were employed to verify the applicability of these strength criteria for high-strength concrete. It is interesting to note that the strength criteria developed for intact rocks can also be applied to the assessment of ultimate strength and failure curve in high-strength concretes. Knowing only the cylinder compressive strength and the ratio of tensile-to-compressive strength, the failure envelope can be successfully evaluated by means of these criteria without performing triaxial tests in high-strength concretes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Güncel çelik yapı sistemlerinin incelenmesi
- Author
-
Kiliç Urfali, Fatma, Girgin, Z. Canan, and Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Steel structures ,Architecture ,Mimarlık - Abstract
Geçmişten günümüze kadar olan süreçte barınma ihtiyacını karşılayan mekan tasarımlarında en önemli etken taşıyıcı sistemdir. Endüstri devrimiyle ortaya çıkan dökme demirin yapısal çeliğe dönüşümünün ardından çelik malzeme, taşıyıcı sistem malzemesi olarak uygulamalarda yaygın biçimde yer almıştır. Tasarımın en önemli girdilerinden birini oluşturan taşıyıcı sistem türlerinin teknolojik gelişimi ile günümüz yapı örnekleri inşa edilmeye başlanmıştır. Özgün mimari formlar ve forma en uygun taşıyıcı sistemin yaratıcı seçimi birbirinin tamamlayan iki temel öğedir.Bu tez kapsamında, yurt dışında kullanım tekniği açısından sayısız uygulama örneği bulunan çelik taşıyıcı sistemler hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiş, özgün ve estetik tasarım ile oluşturulan çoğunluğu geniş açıklıklı yapı sistemlerinin yapısal nitelikleri ve taşıyıcı sistem kurguları incelenmiştir.Bu tezin Birinci Bölümünde çalışmanın amaç ve kapsamı belirtilmiştir.İkinci Bölümde; çelik malzemenin üretimi ve geniş açıklıklı yapıların gelişim süreci incelenmiş ve bu yapıların fonksiyonları ile kent içerisindeki konumları değerlendirilmiştir.Üçüncü Bölümde; geniş açıklıklı yapıların taşıyıcı sistem elemanları ve türleri altı başlıkta ele alınmış, ayrıca dünyadaki bazı özel ve estetik uygulamalar incelenmiştir.Çalışmanın Dördüncü Bölümünde; farklı ülkelerde uygulanmış sekiz özel yapının sistem kurgusu, konsept aşamasından inşaat aşamasına varan süreçte ayrıntılı olarak, üç boyutlu modellemeler yapılarak incelenmiştir.Beşinci Bölümde; taşıyıcı sistem türlerinin 1930' lu yıllardan günümüze gelişim süreci örnek yapı karşılaştırmaları ile incelenmiştir.Altıncı Bölüm; çalışmada incelenen konulardan varılan sonuçları içermektir. From past to the present, the most important factor for the space design is the structural systems. Cast iron transformed to today?s structural steel as a result of industrial revolution. Structural steel is used as a structural material in the applications intensively. The development of technology together with the types of structural system are the most important inputs of design to build contemporary buildings. Original architectural forms and the most suitable structural system choice for the form are two basic components satisfying to each other.This thesis aims to investigate the types of steel structural systems, and then, to look over some original, aesthetic structural designs and their technologies from international mostly wide span applications about architectural form and structural efficiency.The First Chapter presents the purpose and scope of this study.Information about steel material production; development of wide span buildings and buildings function regarding the location in the city are presented in the Second Chapter.In the Third Chapter, information about the structural system elements of wide span buildings are given, structural types are classified in six sections and some special aesthetic building applications in the world are examined.The Fourth Chapter includes information and 3d computer drawings about eight special buildings built in different countries to enhance the comprehension, from design to construction.Fifth Chapter evaluates the structural system development since 1930.In the Sixth Chapter, results of this thesis are discussed and suggestions are proposed. 215
- Published
- 2012
17. Tünel açma sistemlerinde çelik lifli püskürtme betonun uygulanabilirliği
- Author
-
Ayiş, Halil İbrahim, Girgin, Z. Canan, and Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
Tünel açma yöntemleri teknolojik gelişmelere uygun olarak sürekli gelişmektedir. Buna paralel olarak kullanılan teknik donanım da sürekli gelişim içindedir.Tünel açma yöntemlerinden özellikle Yeni Avusturya Tünel Açma Yöntemi (NATM), 1960'lı yıllardan itibaren önemli tünel teknolojilerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Çalışmada NATM'ın son yıllardaki gelişimi, İstanbul Metrosu'ndaki uygulama şeklini de içerecek şekilde detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır.Kazı destekleme sisteminin en önemli öğesi olan püskürtme beton ve lifli püskürtme beton teknolojisi, teorik ve deneysel özellikleri ile yer almaktadır. Bu çerçevede püskürtme betonun kullanım alanları, işlevsel özellikleri, uygulama yöntemleri, malzeme bileşenleri ve ekipmanları tanıtılmıştır. Püskürtme betonda kullanılan katkıların mekanik büyüklüklere etkileri ile çelik lifli püskürtme betonda lif tipi ve miktarının performansa etkisi araştırılmıştır.Tez kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bir seri püskürtme beton deneyinde püskürtme betonun karışım tasarımı ile püskürtme hava basıncının; betonun yerleşimi, basınç dayanımı ve geri sıçrama miktarına etkisi araştırılarak bir optimizasyon çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Nihai olarak, deneysel sonuçlardan yararlanarak çelik lif kullanımının maliyetlere olan etkisi incelenmiştir.Bu çalışmanın Birinci Bölümünde problem, çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı ve izlenecek yöntem tanımlanmıştır.İkinci Bölümde pratikte en çok karşılaşılan tünel açma ve destekleme yöntemlerinin (Delme-Patlatma, NATM, TBM ve EPBM) tarihçesi, genel ilkeleri ve kazı destekleme sistemlerinin seçimiyle ilgili karar verme amaçlı teknik bilgiler verilmiştir.Üçüncü Bölümde, püskürtme beton bileşenleri ve teknolojisi literatür eşliğinde incelenmiştir.İstanbul Metrosu 4.Levent-Ayazağa-Hacıosman Metro Projesi kapsamında açılan tünellerde gerçekleştirilen püskürtme beton deneyleri ve elde edilen sonuçlar Dördüncü Bölümün konusunu oluşturmaktadır.Beşinci Bölümde ise çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar verilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Tünel Teknolojisi, NATM, TBM, EPBM, Püskürtme Beton, Çelik Lifli Püskürtme Beton Tunnel excavation and earth retaining methods have been improving constantly in accordance with technological developments. In parallel with this, technical equipments are in continuous development as well.In this study, the history and general rules of the commonly applied tunnel excavation and earth retaining methods (Boring-Blasting, NATM, TBM, and EPBM) and technical information on how to decide choosing earth retaining systems are given.Especially, New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) has become one of the important tunnel technologies since 1960?s. In this study, NATM has been elaborately investigated by including recent developments and applications in İstanbul Metro Line System.This study also includes shotcrete and fiber reinforced shotcrete (sprayed concrete) technologies, which are the most important part of the earth retaining system, with their theoretical and experimental characteristics. The shotcrete and mixture design are investigated according to theoretical researches and in situ tests.Within a testing program, the relations among the mixture design of shotcrete, air pressure during spraying, rebound, compressive strengths were investigated in in-situ applications. In the second stage the effect of steel fibers on rebound and compressive strengths were determined. Then theoretical cost estimations were performed based on experimental results.The scope, importance, method and assumptions of this study are introduced in the First Section.The Second Section establishes the history, technical characteristics, equipments of commonly applied tunnel boring and earth retaining methods.Sprayed concrete technologies, mixture design principles and equipments are presented in the Third Section.The experimental studies and results were emphasized in the Fourth Section.The Fifth Section covers the results of experimental studies executed in this study.Keywords : Tunneling technologies, NATM, TBM, EPBM, Sprayed Concrete, Shotcrete, Steel Fiber Shotcrete 140
- Published
- 2010
18. Viskoz akışkanlı sönümleme ve sismik taban yalıtım sistemlerinin performans değerlendirmesi
- Author
-
Özcan, Selma, Girgin, Z. Canan, and Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Seismic base isolation ,Architecture ,Mimarlık ,İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
Klasik depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımında, yapının tersinir yükler altında sismik enerjiyi güçlü kolon-kiriş birleşimlerinde yutarak 50 yılda aşılma olasılığı %10 olan tasarım depreminde yıkılmayacak şekilde can güvenliği performans düzeyine kadar hasar görmesi söz konusudur. Bu yaklaşım güçlü bir deprem sonrası yapı fonksiyonunun devam ettirilmesi isteği ile çelişebilmektedir. Bu nedenle mevcut yapılar ve tasarlanan yapıların deprem performanslarını arttırmak üzere çeşitli kauçuk sismik enerji sönümleme sistemleri geliştirilmiştir.Ayrıntılı teorik ve deneysel çalışmaların sonucunda geliştirilen ve son yıllarda okul, hastane, tarihi yapı, köprü vb. yapılarda yaygın kullanım imkanı bulan enerji sönümleyici sistemlerden viskoz akışkanlı sönümleme sistemleri ve kauçuk sismik taban yalıtım sistemleri, tezin konusunu oluşturmaktadır.Viskoz akışkanlı sönümleyiciler az, orta ve yüksek katlı yapılarda rahatlıkla uygulama alanı bulabilmektedir. İç kuvvetler ve yerdeğiştirmeler pistonda yer alan silikon akışkanın sıkışmaya zorlanması ile büyük oranda sönümlenmektedir. Diyagonal ve Chevron tipi, daha ziyade esnek yapı sistemleri için uygun olurken; dirsek ve makas tipi sönümleyiciler az öteleme yapan perdeli rijit yapı sistemleri için daha uygun-ekonomik olmaktadır.Tezin Birinci Bölümünde içerik, önem ve amaca değinilmiştir.Söz konusu sistemler detaylı olarak incelenmeden önce yapısal denetim sistemleri, genel özellikleri ile İkinci Bölümde açıklanmıştır.Bu çalışmanın Üçüncü Bölümünde, viskoz akışkanlı sönümleme sistemlerinin; gelişimi, dünyada kullanımı, sönümleyici tipleri ve teknik özellikleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır.Dördüncü Bölümde kauçuk sismik taban yalıtım sistemlerinin dünyada gelişimi, tipleri ve teknik özellikleri ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir.Viskoz akışkanlı sönümleme sistemlerin uygulamaları ve elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak Beşinci Bölümde sunulmuştur.Sonuç ve Öneriler bölümünde, viskoz akışkanlı sönümleme sistemleri ile kauçuk sismik taban yalıtım sistemlerinin deprem-rüzgar etkisi altındaki davranışlarının değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. In conventional seismic design approach, the acceptable performance of a structure during earthquake is based on the lateral force resisting system and to dissipate energy with acceptable inelastic deformations for a large number of cycles. The design principles are established on 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. This approach is difficult to satisfy when the structure must remain functional after earthquake. Therefore various types of energy dissipation devices exist to enhance the earthquake-resisting capability.In the last years, energy dissipation systems are utilized in the retrofitting works of existing structures especially such as historical buildings, bridges, schools and hospitals. This thesis focuses viscous fluid damper systems and base isolation systems with rubber bearings which are seismic energy dissipation systems.Incorporation of viscous fluid damping devices into structures has become an accepted and popular approach to dissipate energy and to reduce building response (interstory drifts, internal forces) and against to wind motions and earthquake forces. When interstory drifts are small (e.g. reinforced concrete shear wall, or steel braced dual systems) the required damping forces are large, this leads to further increase the cost of viscous fluid damper systems. Herein, the utilization of toggle-brace-damper system configurations, which have larger magnification factor than diagonal and Chevron types more suitable for flexible buildings, may lead to cost savings.Seismic base isolation is a design technique proposing decoupling of the structure from the damaging effects of earthquakes. Base isolation works through elongating the fundamental period, away from the peak region of the spectrum.Energy dissipation systems are generally explained in the Second Section.The Third Section addresses the worldwide development, mechanical properties and energy dissipation characteristics of viscous fluid dampers.The development, types and mechanical properties of base isolation systems with rubber bearings are introduced in the Fourth Section.The Fifth Section includes the applications and the results of viscous dampers.Results and suggestion are given in Sixth and Seventh Sections. 192
- Published
- 2009
19. Ön üretimli iskelet sistemlerin dünyadaki gelişimi ve depreme dayanıklı tasarım yaklaşımları
- Author
-
Seydioğlu, Sunay, Girgin, Z. Canan, and Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Earthquake ,Architecture ,Mimarlık - Abstract
Ön üretimli elemanlar ile inşa edilmiş yapılar, İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra özellikle Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri, Japonya, ABD ve SSCB'de yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Söz konusu yapılar, tümü veya bir bölümü sismik açıdan aktif bu ülkelerde meydana gelen depremlerden, değişik seviyelerde etkilenmiştir. Depremlerden elde edilen deneyimler, bu yapılarda en kritik noktaların birleşim bölgeleri olduğunu göstermiştir. Ön üretimli sistemlerin depreme dayanıklı olması, büyük ölçüde birleşim bölgelerinin depreme dayanıklı olmasına bağlıdır. Northridge ve Kobe depremlerinde oluşan hasarlar, özellikle sismik açıdan aktif bölgelerdeki taşıcı sistem tasarımında yapısal bütünlüğün sağlanmasının ne denli önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.Bu tez çalışmasının çıkış noktası ağırlıklı olarak, ülkemizde ve dünyada daha fazla uygulama alanı bulan, ön üretimli iskelet sistemlerin; gelişimi, mevcut durumu ve düğüm noktalarının deprem dayanımının arttırılması üzerine son dönemdeki geliştirme çalışmaları üzerine odaklanmıştır. 1990'lardan başlayarak ön üretimli iskelet sistemlerde; sismik performansı yüksek, moment aktaran birleşimlerin geliştirilmesi üzerine yoğun deneysel araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Burada temel amaç, yerinde dökme betonarme sistemlere benzer enerji yutma kapasitesi sağlamak, bunun yanısıra çok daha az hasar gören ve kolaylıkla onarılabilen birleşimler yaratmaktır. Ön üretimli iskelet sistem elemanlarının birleşimlerinin sabit, hareketli yükler ve deprem yükleri altında moment aktarma kapasitesini arttırmak için ard-germe donatısı ile doğal sertlikte donatı çeliğinin bir arada kullanıldığı karma birleşimler geliştirilmiştir. Bu birleşimlerde ard germe donatısı sabit, hareketli yükler ve deprem yüklerine karşı doğrusal elastik bölgede kalarak kayma dayanımı sağlarken, doğal sertlikte donatı çeliği de akarak sistemin enerji yutma kapasitesini arttırmaktadır. Kiriş-kolon birleşim deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, deprem performansı yetersiz olan ön üretimli beton paneller ile üretilen perde duvarlara da ışık tutmuş, benzer özellikte ard-germeli ön üretimli perde duvarların geliştirme çalışmaları başlamıştır.Bu çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ön üretimli sistemlerin tarihsel gelişimi, sismik açıdan aktif bölgelerdeki uygulamaları incelenmiştir.Üçüncü bölümde depreme dayanıklı ön üretimli iskelet sistem tasarımı ve geçmişteki büyük depremlerde ortaya çıkan hasarlar resimlerle desteklenerek açıklanmıştır.Ön üretimli iskelet sistemlerde uygulanan birleşim detayları ile bu detayların olumlu ve olumsuz özellikleri Dördüncü Bölümün konusunu oluşturmuştur.Ard-germe yöntemi ile birleştirilen ön üretimli iskelet sistem elemanlarının sismik etkiler altındaki davranışı Beşinci Bölüm'de incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde son dönemde depreme dayanıklı ön üretimli iskelet sistem tasarımı için geliştirilen ard-germeli karma birleşim yönteminin deney süreci ve geliştirilen birleşim tiplerinin tersinir yükler altındaki performansları yerinde dökme betonarme sistemlerle karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir.Sonuç bölümünde ise, mevcut ve son dönemde geliştirilen ön üretimli iskelet sistemlerin deprem etkisi altındaki davranışlarının değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Ön üretim, moment aktaran iskelet sistem, ard-germe, karma birleşim, deprem Precast systems, have been started to be used extensively after Second World War especially in East European countries, Japan, USA and USSR. Precast systems were affected by the strong earthquakes in these seismically active countries. Lessons obtained from the earthquakes have indicated that the most critical points of these systems are the connections. In other words, the resistance to earthquake of a precast system mainly depends on the resistance to earthquakes of connections. Indeed, the recent disasters in Northridge and Kobe betrayed the requirement to a structural design providing structural integrity against seismic activity.This study addresses the historical development and current applications of precast frame systems which have wider applications than other precast structure types; and the enhancements in connections of these systems. Since early 1990s intensive experimental investigations have been performed to develop the innovative connections which will provide the integrity of the structure against seismic activity. The main aim of this research for precast frame structures is further to attain the seismic performance similar to reinforced concrete frame systems under moderate to strong earthquakes. Meanwhile in this new competitive system, to reduce damage and to easily repair after a strong earthquake are possible. In this scope the hybrid connections, whose main components are high strength post-tensioned steel and mild steel, were developed by combining both elastic and inelastic action at the connections for precast moment resistant frames to resist the dead, live and seismic loads. While post-tensioned steel provides high shear strength and self-centering capability to the connection to resist the dead, live and seismic loads mild steel would be utilized to serve as an seismic energy dissipater by yielding. This new technology was initially developed for beam-column connections, subsequently, it was extended and adapted to precast shear walls.The scope, importance, method and assumptions of this study are introduced in the First Section.The Second Section establishes the history of the precast systems, the development of precast frame systems in the seismically actives countries.Precast systems suffering damages during earthquakes are presented and shown in the Third Section.In the Fourth Section the connection details applied in precast frame systems up to the present, the positive and negative features of these details are emphasized.The Fifth Section covers the experimental studies on innovative precast hybrid connections to provide the integrity of the structure and their energy absorbing capacities under earthquake loading. This section includes two types of connection: beam-columns and shear walls. The nowadays applications of precast structures with hybrid connections under consideration are displayed as well.The past and present status of precast frame systems; experimental studies and results rising from the investigations on innovative post-tensioned precast moment resisting systems are presented in the Conclusion Section.Keywords: Precast, moment resisting frame, post-tensioned, hybrid connection, earthquake 135
- Published
- 2008
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.