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2. Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of leishmania from the new and old World

Author

Labbe, Frederic, Abdeladhim, Maha, Abrudan, Jenica, Araki, Alejandra Saori, Araujo, Ricardo N., Arensburger, Peter, Benoit, Joshua B., Brazil, Reginaldo Pecanha, Bruno, Rafaela V., Rivas, Gustavo Bueno da Silva D. S., de Abreu, Vinicius Carvalho, Charamis, Jason, Coutinho-Abreu, Iliano V., da Costa-Latge, Samara G., Darby, Alistair, Dillon, Viv M., Emrich, Scott J., Fernandez-Medina, Daniela, Gontijo, Nelder Figueiredo, Flanley, Catherine M., Gatherer, Derek, Genta, Fernando A., Gesing, Sandra, Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Gomes, Bruno, Aguiar, Eric Roberto Guimaraes Rocha, Hamilton, James GC C., Hamarsheh, Omar, Hawksworth, Mallory, Hendershot, Jacob M., Hickner, Paul V., Imler, Jean-Luc, Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Jennings, Emily C., Kamhawi, Shaden, Karageorgiou, Charikleia, Kennedy, Ryan C., Krueger, Andreas, Latorre-Estivalis, Jose M., Ligoxygakis, Petros, Meireles-Filho, Antonio Carlos A., Minx, Patrick, Miranda, Jose Carlos, Montague, Michael J., Nowling, Ronald J., Oliveira, Fabiano, Ortigao-Farias, Joao, Pavan, Marcio G., Pereira, Marcos Horacio, Pitaluga, Andre Nobrega, Olmo, Roenick Proveti, Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo, Ribeiro, Jose MC C., Rosendale, Andrew J., Sant'Anna, Mauricio RV V., Scherer, Steven E., Secundino, Nagila FC C., Shoue, Douglas A., Moraes, Caroline da Silva D. S., Gesto, Joao Silveira Moledo, Souza, Nataly Araujo, Syed, Zainulabueddin, Tadros, Samuel, Teles-de-Freitas, Rayane, Telleria, Erich L., Tomlinson, Chad, Traub-Cseko, Yara M., Marques, Joao Trindade, Tu, Zhijian, Unger, Maria F., Valenzuela, Jesus, Ferreira, Flavia, de Oliveira, Karla PV V., Vigoder, Felipe M., Vontas, John, Wang, Lihui, Weedall, Gareth D., Zhioua, Elyes, Richards, Stephen, Warren, Wesley C., Waterhouse, Robert M., Dillon, Rod J., McDowell, Mary Ann, Labbe, Frederic, Abdeladhim, Maha, Abrudan, Jenica, Araki, Alejandra Saori, Araujo, Ricardo N., Arensburger, Peter, Benoit, Joshua B., Brazil, Reginaldo Pecanha, Bruno, Rafaela V., Rivas, Gustavo Bueno da Silva D. S., de Abreu, Vinicius Carvalho, Charamis, Jason, Coutinho-Abreu, Iliano V., da Costa-Latge, Samara G., Darby, Alistair, Dillon, Viv M., Emrich, Scott J., Fernandez-Medina, Daniela, Gontijo, Nelder Figueiredo, Flanley, Catherine M., Gatherer, Derek, Genta, Fernando A., Gesing, Sandra, Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Gomes, Bruno, Aguiar, Eric Roberto Guimaraes Rocha, Hamilton, James GC C., Hamarsheh, Omar, Hawksworth, Mallory, Hendershot, Jacob M., Hickner, Paul V., Imler, Jean-Luc, Ioannidis, Panagiotis, Jennings, Emily C., Kamhawi, Shaden, Karageorgiou, Charikleia, Kennedy, Ryan C., Krueger, Andreas, Latorre-Estivalis, Jose M., Ligoxygakis, Petros, Meireles-Filho, Antonio Carlos A., Minx, Patrick, Miranda, Jose Carlos, Montague, Michael J., Nowling, Ronald J., Oliveira, Fabiano, Ortigao-Farias, Joao, Pavan, Marcio G., Pereira, Marcos Horacio, Pitaluga, Andre Nobrega, Olmo, Roenick Proveti, Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo, Ribeiro, Jose MC C., Rosendale, Andrew J., Sant'Anna, Mauricio RV V., Scherer, Steven E., Secundino, Nagila FC C., Shoue, Douglas A., Moraes, Caroline da Silva D. S., Gesto, Joao Silveira Moledo, Souza, Nataly Araujo, Syed, Zainulabueddin, Tadros, Samuel, Teles-de-Freitas, Rayane, Telleria, Erich L., Tomlinson, Chad, Traub-Cseko, Yara M., Marques, Joao Trindade, Tu, Zhijian, Unger, Maria F., Valenzuela, Jesus, Ferreira, Flavia, de Oliveira, Karla PV V., Vigoder, Felipe M., Vontas, John, Wang, Lihui, Weedall, Gareth D., Zhioua, Elyes, Richards, Stephen, Warren, Wesley C., Waterhouse, Robert M., Dillon, Rod J., and McDowell, Mary Ann

Abstract

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.

Published
2023

3. Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection

Author

Mesquita, Rafael D., Vionette-Amaral, Raquel J., Lowenberger, Carl, Rivera-Pomar, Rolando, Monteiro, Fernando A., Minx, Patrick, Spieth, John, Carvalho, A. Bernardo, Panzera, Francisco, Lawson, Daniel, Torres, André Q., Ribeiro, Jose M. C., Sorgine, Marcos H. F., Waterhouse, Robert M., Montague, Michael J., Abad-Franch, Fernando, Alves-Bezerra, Michele, Amaral, Laurence R., Araujo, Helena M., Araujo, Ricardo N., Aravind, L., Atella, Georgia C., Azambuja, Patricia, Berni, Mateus, Bittencourt-Cunha, Paula R., Braz, Gloria R. C., Calderón-Fernández, Gustavo, Carareto, Claudia M. A., Christensen, Mikkel B., Costa, Igor R., Costa, Samara G., Dansa, Marilvia, Daumas-Filho, Carlos R. O., De-Paula, Iron F., Dias, Felipe A., Dimopoulos, George, Emrich, Scott J., Esponda-Behrens, Natalia, Fampa, Patricia, Fernandez-Medina, Rita D., da Fonseca, Rodrigo N., Fontenele, Marcio, Fronick, Catrina, Fulton, Lucinda A., Gandara, Ana Caroline, Garcia, Eloi S., Genta, Fernando A., Giraldo-Calderón, Gloria I., Gomes, Bruno, Gondim, Katia C., Granzotto, Adriana, Guarneri, Alessandra A., Guigó, Roderic, Harry, Myriam, Hughes, Daniel S. T., Jablonka, Willy, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, Juárez, M. Patricia, Koerich, Leonardo B., Lange, Angela B., Latorre-Estivalis, José Manuel, Lavore, Andrés, Lawrence, Gena G., Lazoski, Cristiano, Lazzari, Claudio R., Lopes, Raphael R., Lorenzo, Marcelo G., Lugon, Magda D., Majerowicz, David, Marcet, Paula L., Mariotti, Marco, Masuda, Hatisaburo, Megy, Karine, Melo, Ana C. A., Missirlis, Fanis, Mota, Theo, Noriega, Fernando G., Nouzova, Marcela, Nunes, Rodrigo D., Oliveira, Raquel L. L., Oliveira-Silveira, Gilbert, Ons, Sheila, Orchard, Ian, Pagola, Lucia, Paiva-Silva, Gabriela O., Pascual, Agustina, Pavan, Marcio G., Pedrini, Nicolás, Peixoto, Alexandre A., Pereira, Marcos H., Pike, Andrew, Polycarpo, Carla, Prosdocimi, Francisco, Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Rodrigo, Robertson, Hugh M., Salerno, Ana Paula, Salmon, Didier, Santesmasses, Didac, Schama, Renata, Seabra-Junior, Eloy S., Silva-Cardoso, Livia, Silva-Neto, Mario A. C., Souza-Gomes, Matheus, Sterkel, Marcos, Taracena, Mabel L., Tojo, Marta, Tu, Zhijian Jake, Tubio, Jose M. C., Ursic-Bedoya, Raul, Venancio, Thiago M., Walter-Nuno, Ana Beatriz, Wilson, Derek, Warren, Wesley C., Wilson, Richard K., Huebner, Erwin, Dotson, Ellen M., and Oliveira, Pedro L.

Published
2015

4. Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail

Author

Adema, Coen M., Hillier, Ladeana W., Jones, Catherine S., Loker, Eric S., Knight, Matty, Minx, Patrick, Oliveira, Guilherme, Raghavan, Nithya, Shedlock, Andrew, Do Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues, Arican-goktas, Halime D., Assis, Juliana G., Baba, Elio Hideo, Baron, Olga L., Bayne, Christopher J., Bickham-wright, Utibe, Biggar, Kyle K., Blouin, Michael, Bonning, Bryony C., Botka, Chris, Bridger, Joanna M., Buckley, Katherine M., Buddenborg, Sarah K., Caldeira, Roberta Lima, Carleton, Julia, Carvalho, Omar S., Castillo, Maria G., Chalmers, Iain W., Christensens, Mikkel, Clifton, Sandra, Cosseau, Celine, Coustau, Christine, Cripps, Richard M., Cuesta-astroz, Yesid, Cummins, Scott F., Di Stephano, Leon, Dinguirard, Nathalie, Duval, David, Emrich, Scott, Feschotte, Cedric, Feyereisen, Rene, Fitzgerald, Peter, Fronick, Catrina, Fulton, Lucinda, Galinier, Richard, Gava, Sandra G., Geusz, Michael, Geyer, Kathrin K., Giraldo-calderon, Gloria I., Gomes, Matheus De Souza, Gordy, Michelle A., Gourbal, Benjamin, Grunau, Christoph, Hanington, Patrick C., Hoffmann, Karl F., Hughes, Daniel, Humphries, Judith, Jackson, Daniel J., Jannotti-passos, Liana K., Jeremias, Wander De Jesus, Jobling, Susan, Kamel, Bishoy, Kapusta, Aurelie, Kaur, Satwant, Koene, Joris M., Kohn, Andrea B., Lawson, Dan, Lawton, Scott P., Liang, Di, Limpanont, Yanin, Liu, Sijun, Lockyer, Anne E., Lovato, Tyanna L., Ludolf, Fernanda, Magrini, Vince, Mcmanus, Donald P., Medina, Monica, Misra, Milind, Mitta, Guillaume, Mkoji, Gerald M., Montague, Michael J., Montelongo, Cesar, Moroz, Leonid L., Munoz-torres, Monica C., Niazi, Umar, Noble, Leslie R., Oliveira, Francislon S., Pais, Fabiano S., Papenfuss, Anthony T., Peace, Rob, Pena, Janeth J., Pila, Emmanuel A., Quelais, Titouan, Raney, Brian J., Rast, Jonathan P., Rollinson, David, Rosse, Izinara C., Rotgans, Bronwyn, Routledge, Edwin J., Ryan, Kathryn M., Scholte, Larissa L. S., Storey, Kenneth B., Swain, Martin, Tennessen, Jacob A., Tomlinson, Chad, Trujillo, Damian L., Volpi, Emanuela V., Walker, Anthony J., Wang, Tianfang, Wannaporn, Ittiprasert, Warren, Wesley C., Wu, Xiao-jun, Yoshino, Timothy P., Yusuf, Mohammed, Zhang, Si-ming, Zhao, Min, Wilson, Richard K., Adema, Coen M., Hillier, Ladeana W., Jones, Catherine S., Loker, Eric S., Knight, Matty, Minx, Patrick, Oliveira, Guilherme, Raghavan, Nithya, Shedlock, Andrew, Do Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues, Arican-goktas, Halime D., Assis, Juliana G., Baba, Elio Hideo, Baron, Olga L., Bayne, Christopher J., Bickham-wright, Utibe, Biggar, Kyle K., Blouin, Michael, Bonning, Bryony C., Botka, Chris, Bridger, Joanna M., Buckley, Katherine M., Buddenborg, Sarah K., Caldeira, Roberta Lima, Carleton, Julia, Carvalho, Omar S., Castillo, Maria G., Chalmers, Iain W., Christensens, Mikkel, Clifton, Sandra, Cosseau, Celine, Coustau, Christine, Cripps, Richard M., Cuesta-astroz, Yesid, Cummins, Scott F., Di Stephano, Leon, Dinguirard, Nathalie, Duval, David, Emrich, Scott, Feschotte, Cedric, Feyereisen, Rene, Fitzgerald, Peter, Fronick, Catrina, Fulton, Lucinda, Galinier, Richard, Gava, Sandra G., Geusz, Michael, Geyer, Kathrin K., Giraldo-calderon, Gloria I., Gomes, Matheus De Souza, Gordy, Michelle A., Gourbal, Benjamin, Grunau, Christoph, Hanington, Patrick C., Hoffmann, Karl F., Hughes, Daniel, Humphries, Judith, Jackson, Daniel J., Jannotti-passos, Liana K., Jeremias, Wander De Jesus, Jobling, Susan, Kamel, Bishoy, Kapusta, Aurelie, Kaur, Satwant, Koene, Joris M., Kohn, Andrea B., Lawson, Dan, Lawton, Scott P., Liang, Di, Limpanont, Yanin, Liu, Sijun, Lockyer, Anne E., Lovato, Tyanna L., Ludolf, Fernanda, Magrini, Vince, Mcmanus, Donald P., Medina, Monica, Misra, Milind, Mitta, Guillaume, Mkoji, Gerald M., Montague, Michael J., Montelongo, Cesar, Moroz, Leonid L., Munoz-torres, Monica C., Niazi, Umar, Noble, Leslie R., Oliveira, Francislon S., Pais, Fabiano S., Papenfuss, Anthony T., Peace, Rob, Pena, Janeth J., Pila, Emmanuel A., Quelais, Titouan, Raney, Brian J., Rast, Jonathan P., Rollinson, David, Rosse, Izinara C., Rotgans, Bronwyn, Routledge, Edwin J., Ryan, Kathryn M., Scholte, Larissa L. S., Storey, Kenneth B., Swain, Martin, Tennessen, Jacob A., Tomlinson, Chad, Trujillo, Damian L., Volpi, Emanuela V., Walker, Anthony J., Wang, Tianfang, Wannaporn, Ittiprasert, Warren, Wesley C., Wu, Xiao-jun, Yoshino, Timothy P., Yusuf, Mohammed, Zhang, Si-ming, Zhao, Min, and Wilson, Richard K.

Abstract

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S. mansoni. We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis.

Published
2017
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5. Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease

Author

Gulia-Nuss, Monika, Nuss, Andrew B., Meyer, Jason M., Sonenshine, Daniel E., Roe, R. Michael, Waterhouse, Robert M., Sattelle, David B., de la Fuente, Jose, Ribeiro, Jose M., Megy, Karine, Thimmapuram, Jyothi, Miller, Jason R., Walenz, Brian P., Koren, Sergey, Hostetler, Jessica B., Thiagarajan, Mathangi, Joardar, Vinita S., Hannick, Linda I., Bidwell, Shelby, Hammond, Martin P., Young, Sarah, Zeng, Qiandong, Abrudan, Jenica L., Almeida, Francisca C., Ayllon, Nieves, Bhide, Ketaki, Bissinger, Brooke W., Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena, Buckingham, Steven D., Caffrey, Daniel R., Caimano, Melissa J., Croset, Vincent, Driscoll, Timothy, Gilbert, Don, Gillespie, Joseph J., Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Grabowski, Jeffrey M., Jiang, David, Khalil, Sayed M. S., Kim, Donghun, Kocan, Katherine M., Koci, Juraj, Kuhn, Richard J., Kurtti, Timothy J., Lees, Kristin, Lang, Emma G., Kennedy, Ryan C., Kwon, Hyeogsun, Perera, Rushika, Qi, Yumin, Radolf, Justin D., Sakamoto, Joyce M., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Severo, Maiara S., Silverman, Neal, Simo, Ladislav, Tojo, Marta, Tornador, Cristian, Van Zee, Janice P., Vazquez, Jesus, Vieira, Filipe G., Villar, Margarita, Wespiser, Adam R., Yang, Yunlong, Zhu, Jiwei, Arensburger, Peter, Pietrantonio, Patricia V., Barker, Stephen C., Shao, Renfu, Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Hauser, Frank, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Park, Yoonseong, Rozas, Julio, Benton, Richard, Pedra, Joao H. F., Nelson, David R., Unger, Maria F., Tubio, Jose M. C., Tu, Zhijian Jake, Robertson, Hugh M., Shumway, Martin, Sutton, Granger, Wortman, Jennifer R., Lawson, Daniel, Wikel, Stephen K., Nene, Vishvanath M., Fraser, Claire M., Collins, Frank H., Birren, Bruce, Nelson, Karen E., Caler, Elisabet, Hill, Catherine A., Gulia-Nuss, Monika, Nuss, Andrew B., Meyer, Jason M., Sonenshine, Daniel E., Roe, R. Michael, Waterhouse, Robert M., Sattelle, David B., de la Fuente, Jose, Ribeiro, Jose M., Megy, Karine, Thimmapuram, Jyothi, Miller, Jason R., Walenz, Brian P., Koren, Sergey, Hostetler, Jessica B., Thiagarajan, Mathangi, Joardar, Vinita S., Hannick, Linda I., Bidwell, Shelby, Hammond, Martin P., Young, Sarah, Zeng, Qiandong, Abrudan, Jenica L., Almeida, Francisca C., Ayllon, Nieves, Bhide, Ketaki, Bissinger, Brooke W., Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena, Buckingham, Steven D., Caffrey, Daniel R., Caimano, Melissa J., Croset, Vincent, Driscoll, Timothy, Gilbert, Don, Gillespie, Joseph J., Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Grabowski, Jeffrey M., Jiang, David, Khalil, Sayed M. S., Kim, Donghun, Kocan, Katherine M., Koci, Juraj, Kuhn, Richard J., Kurtti, Timothy J., Lees, Kristin, Lang, Emma G., Kennedy, Ryan C., Kwon, Hyeogsun, Perera, Rushika, Qi, Yumin, Radolf, Justin D., Sakamoto, Joyce M., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Severo, Maiara S., Silverman, Neal, Simo, Ladislav, Tojo, Marta, Tornador, Cristian, Van Zee, Janice P., Vazquez, Jesus, Vieira, Filipe G., Villar, Margarita, Wespiser, Adam R., Yang, Yunlong, Zhu, Jiwei, Arensburger, Peter, Pietrantonio, Patricia V., Barker, Stephen C., Shao, Renfu, Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Hauser, Frank, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Park, Yoonseong, Rozas, Julio, Benton, Richard, Pedra, Joao H. F., Nelson, David R., Unger, Maria F., Tubio, Jose M. C., Tu, Zhijian Jake, Robertson, Hugh M., Shumway, Martin, Sutton, Granger, Wortman, Jennifer R., Lawson, Daniel, Wikel, Stephen K., Nene, Vishvanath M., Fraser, Claire M., Collins, Frank H., Birren, Bruce, Nelson, Karen E., Caler, Elisabet, and Hill, Catherine A.

Abstract

Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing similar to 57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick-host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host 'questing', prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel methods of haemoglobin digestion, haem detoxification, vitellogenesis and prolonged off-host survival. We identify proteins associated with the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease, and the encephalitis-causing Langat virus, and a population structure correlated to life-history traits and transmission of the Lyme disease agent.

Published
2016
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6. Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease

Author

Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Gulia-Nuss, Monika, Nuss, Andrew B., Meyer, Jason M., Sonenshine, Daniel E., Roe, R. Michael, Waterhouse, Robert M., Sattelle, David B., de la Fuente, Jose, Ribeiro, Jose M., Megy, Karine, Thimmapuram, Jyothi, Miller, Jason R., Walenz, Brian P., Koren, Sergey, Hostetler, Jessica B., Thiagarajan, Mathangi, Joardar, Vinita S., Hannick, Linda I., Bidwell, Shelby, Hammond, Martin P., Young, Sarah, Zeng, Qiandong, Abrudan, Jenica L., Almeida, Francisca C., Ayllon, Nieves, Bhide, Ketaki, Bissinger, Brooke W., Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena, Buckingham, Steven D., Caffrey, Daniel R., Caimano, Melissa J., Croset, Vincent, Driscoll, Timothy, Gilbert, Don, Gillespie, Joseph J., Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Grabowski, Jeffrey M., Jiang, David, Khalil, Sayed M. S., Kim, Donghun, Kocan, Katherine M., Koci, Juraj, Kuhn, Richard J., Kurtti, Timothy J., Lees, Kristin, Lang, Emma G., Kennedy, Ryan C., Kwon, Hyeogsun, Perera, Rushika, Qi, Yumin, Radolf, Justin D., Sakamoto, Joyce M., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Severo, Maiara S., Silverman, Neal, Simo, Ladislav, Tojo, Marta, Tornador, Cristian, Van Zee, Janice P., Vazquez, Jesus, Vieira, Filipe G., Villar, Margarita, Wespiser, Adam R., Yang, Yunlong, Zhu, Jiwei, Arensburger, Peter, Pietrantonio, Patricia V., Barker, Stephen C., Shao, Renfu, Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Hauser, Frank, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Park, Yoonseong, Rozas, Julio, Benton, Richard, Pedra, Joao H. F., Nelson, David R., Unger, Maria F., Tubio, Jose M. C., Tu, Zhijian Jake, Robertson, Hugh M., Shumway, Martin, Sutton, Granger, Wortman, Jennifer R., Lawson, Daniel, Wikel, Stephen K., Nene, Vishvanath M., Fraser, Claire M., Collins, Frank H., Birren, Bruce, Nelson, Karen E., Caler, Elisabet, Hill, Catherine A., Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Gulia-Nuss, Monika, Nuss, Andrew B., Meyer, Jason M., Sonenshine, Daniel E., Roe, R. Michael, Waterhouse, Robert M., Sattelle, David B., de la Fuente, Jose, Ribeiro, Jose M., Megy, Karine, Thimmapuram, Jyothi, Miller, Jason R., Walenz, Brian P., Koren, Sergey, Hostetler, Jessica B., Thiagarajan, Mathangi, Joardar, Vinita S., Hannick, Linda I., Bidwell, Shelby, Hammond, Martin P., Young, Sarah, Zeng, Qiandong, Abrudan, Jenica L., Almeida, Francisca C., Ayllon, Nieves, Bhide, Ketaki, Bissinger, Brooke W., Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena, Buckingham, Steven D., Caffrey, Daniel R., Caimano, Melissa J., Croset, Vincent, Driscoll, Timothy, Gilbert, Don, Gillespie, Joseph J., Giraldo-Calderon, Gloria I., Grabowski, Jeffrey M., Jiang, David, Khalil, Sayed M. S., Kim, Donghun, Kocan, Katherine M., Koci, Juraj, Kuhn, Richard J., Kurtti, Timothy J., Lees, Kristin, Lang, Emma G., Kennedy, Ryan C., Kwon, Hyeogsun, Perera, Rushika, Qi, Yumin, Radolf, Justin D., Sakamoto, Joyce M., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Severo, Maiara S., Silverman, Neal, Simo, Ladislav, Tojo, Marta, Tornador, Cristian, Van Zee, Janice P., Vazquez, Jesus, Vieira, Filipe G., Villar, Margarita, Wespiser, Adam R., Yang, Yunlong, Zhu, Jiwei, Arensburger, Peter, Pietrantonio, Patricia V., Barker, Stephen C., Shao, Renfu, Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Hauser, Frank, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Park, Yoonseong, Rozas, Julio, Benton, Richard, Pedra, Joao H. F., Nelson, David R., Unger, Maria F., Tubio, Jose M. C., Tu, Zhijian Jake, Robertson, Hugh M., Shumway, Martin, Sutton, Granger, Wortman, Jennifer R., Lawson, Daniel, Wikel, Stephen K., Nene, Vishvanath M., Fraser, Claire M., Collins, Frank H., Birren, Bruce, Nelson, Karen E., Caler, Elisabet, and Hill, Catherine A.

Abstract

Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing similar to 57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick-host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host 'questing', prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel methods of haemoglobin digestion, haem detoxification, vitellogenesis and prolonged off-host survival. We identify proteins associated with the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease, and the encephalitis-causing Langat virus, and a population structure correlated to life-history traits and transmission of the Lyme disease agent.

Published
2016

7. Evaluation of the triflumuron and the mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis plus Bacillus sphaericus for control of the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in catch basins

Author

Ocampo, Clara Beatriz, Giraldo Calderon, Gloria I., Perez, Mauricio, Morales, Carlos A., Ocampo, Clara Beatriz, Giraldo Calderon, Gloria I., Perez, Mauricio, and Morales, Carlos A.

Abstract

Introduction. In Cali, Colombia, catch basins (streetside storm drains) are one of the main larval habitats of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Since 1999, these mosquitoes have been controlled by the Secretaría de Salud Municipal (Secretary of Municipal Public Health) using the larvicide triflumuron. Because of high densities of these mosquitoes that remain in the city, treatment failure was suspected -possibly insecticide resistance of the target species.Objectives. The efficacy of triflumuron and VectoMax® (biorational mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis plus Bacillus sphaericus) were evaluated in the control of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus in catch basins. The residual effect of a single application of the biorational formulation was determined in catch basins during periods of high and low rainfall.Materials and methods. The efficacy of the products was measured in 60 catch basins located in a residential neighborhood of Cali for a period of 90 days. The mean number of immature.Control de estadios inmaduros de mosquitos en sumideros instars ( A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae of both species) was determined biweekly from 40 catch basins with insecticide intervention (20 treated with triflumuron, 20 with VectoMax®) and 20 untreated (control group). The residual effect of the biorational larvicide was evaluated biweekly in 10 catch basins during each of the 2 climatic periods.Results. The catch basins treated with VectoMax® presented a significantly lower mean number of immature instars of both species compared with the control ( p<0.01). In contrast, the triflumuron treatment significantly reduced only immature instars of A. aegypti compared with the control ( p<0.001). The residual effect of VectoMax® was higher during low rainfall compared to the control ( p<0.001).Conclusion. The biorational formulation was the more effective treatment for the control of both species during the period of, Introducción. En Cali los sumideros son uno de los principales criaderos de Aedes aegypti y Culex quinquefasciatus que son controlados por la Secretaría de Salud Municipal utilizando el insecticida triflumurón desde 1999. Se sospecha falla al tratamiento.Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia del Starycide® (triflumurón) y VectoMax® (mezcla bacteriana de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis y Bacillus sphaericus) en el control de A. aegypti y C. quinquefasciatus en los sumideros y determinar el efecto residual de una única aplicación de VectoMax®, en épocas de alta y baja pluviosidad.Materiales y métodos. La eficacia de los productos fue medida en 60 sumideros de una zona residencial de Cali por un período de 90 días. La media de individuos inmaduros (larvas y pupas de A. aegypti y C. quinquefasciatus) fueron obtenidas quincenalmente de 40 sumideros intervenidos (20 con triflumurón y 20 con VectoMax®) y 20 sin tratamiento (grupo testigo). El efecto residual de la mezcla bacteriana se evaluó quincenalmente en 10 sumideros en cada temporada climática.Resultados. Los sumideros tratados con VectoMax® presentaron diferencias en el promedio de estadios inmaduros en ambas especies frente al testigo (p<0,01). En contraste, el tratamiento con triflumurón sólo presentó diferencias en los estadios inmaduros de A. aegypti con respecto al testigo (p<0,001). El efecto residual del VectoMax® fue mayor en la época de baja pluviosidad con respecto al testigo (p<0,001).Conclusión. La mezcla bacteriana fue el tratamiento más eficaz en el control de ambas especies durante el período evaluado (15 días).

Published
2008

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