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Purpose: To compare in vitro the attachment and proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) on tissue culture plates and guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes in the absence or presence of nicotine. Materials and Methods: Membrane samples were fixed to wells and the cell number (CN) was counted after 24 hours (attachment assay) or 5 days (proliferation assay). The ratio of cell count (RCC) (CN at 5 days/CN at 24 hours) was calculated. The study had three parts: First, five different resorbable GBR membranes were compared (Resolut Adapt LT [RALT], Biocollagen [BC], Bio-Gide [BG], OsseoGuard [OG], and Demokritos Human Tissue Bank [DEM]). Next, cells were cultured on tissue culture plates with five different concentrations of nicotine. Finally, cells were cultured on the membrane that had demonstrated the highest RCC and CN in part 1 with four different concentrations of nicotine. Results: At 24 hours, BG showed the highest CN and OG showed the lowest CN. At 5 days, BG showed the highest CN. The order of RCC was BG > OG > DEM > RALT ~ BC. At 24 hours, lower nicotine concentrations (0.3 and 3 ?g/mL) showed higher CNs versus the control, whereas CNs for high nicotine concentrations (30 and 300 ?g/mL) were lower than for the control. CN at 5 days and RCC were lowest with 300 ?g/mL nicotine. At 24 hours and 5 days, all differences among wells with membrane were statistically insignificant. Nevertheless, CN at 5 days and RCC were highest with the lowest nicotine concentration (3 ?g/mL) and lowest with high concentrations. Conclusions: Membrane materials influence attachment and proliferation of bone cells and, therefore, could affect the outcomes of GBR. On both tissue culture plates and membranes, there is a tendency toward a biphasic effect of nicotine, with stimulatory effects at low concentrations and inhibitory effects at high concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacement of natural protein intake, low total antioxidant status (TAS) and DNA oxidation and high phenylalanine (Phe) blood levels are implicated with poorly controlled patients with PKU. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of diet on the main Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) along with other metabolic parameters in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). Twenty-four poorly controlled patients (group A) and thirty patients who strictly adhered to their diet (group B) as well as controls (n=50) underwent laboratory tests: complete blood count, concentrations of ferritin, lipid, lipoprotein, TAS, as well as Phe levels with appropriate methodology. Phe levels differed significantly among the groups. Lipids lipoproteins, except HDL, were higher in group A than those measured in group B and controls. TG was not higher in any group. TAS (386 ± 30 vs 204 ± 23 μmol/L, p < 0.001), ferritin (65 ± 12 vs 52 ± 10 μg/L, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in group B. In contrast, White Blood Cell count (WBC) (6.1 ± 1.0 vs 8.3 ± 1.2 × 10^3/μL, p < 0.01), the absolute number (1.9 ± 0.6 vs 2.9 ± 0.7 × 10^3/μL, p < 0.001) and percentage of lymphocytes (18.5 ± 3.0 vs 39.3 ± 4.0%, p < 0.01) were lower in group A than those in group B, whereas total protein and albumin levels were similar among the groups. Most main PEW biomarkers, the low WBC, the low absolute and percentage of lymphocytes in poorly controlled patients may be directly and/or indirectly affected by their high Phe levels and/or low TAS levels in children with PKU on "loose diet". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]