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A study has been carried out to determine the correct dosage for using a combination of saponin and vaccine in an in ovo formula on hatchability and early growth performance. There were four levels of saponin use (0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 microgram) arranged using a factorial design with two factors, namely saponin level as the first factor, while whether or not vaccine was used as the second factor, so there were eight formula combinations. Each formula combination was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, then injected into the amnion of fertile eggs of Sentul chickens during incubation for 18 days (0.5 ml/egg) using an automatic injector machine with a 20G needle. The results showed that increasing saponin levels combined with vaccines as an ingredient in the in ovo feeding formula results in decreased hatchability. A very significant decrease occurred at the 4.5 µg level. The average hatchability of vaccine treatment was significantly better than those treated without vaccine. There is no interaction effect of the two materials on hatchability. However, the interaction effect was seen in all parameters of early growth performance of Sentul chicken during the 4 weeks of observation. The vaccine treatment will be more effective if it is used separately or not mixed with saponin (0.0 µg), while the use of saponin without vaccine will produce the best weight gain and feed efficiency when used at the highest dose level (4.5 µg).

This experiment was aimed to study the responses of Boerka does (Boer × Kacang crosses) during the transition period to low or high fat concentrates. Thirty nine multiparous pregnant Boerka does with average BW and BCS of 40.6 ± 5.28 kg and of 3.21 ± 0.28, respectively were used. The animals were divided into three groups (n = 13 does), and individually housed in a raised-floor pens (1.2 × 1.5 m2/doe). Each group was randomly assigned to one of three concentrate diet treatments: LFD (low fat concentrate without palm fatty acid distillate/PFAD), HSFD (high fat concentrate with saponified PFAD), and HUFD (high fat concentrate with unsaponified PFAD). Brachiaria ruziziensis was offered as forage. Diet treatments were offered along 3 weeks prior to expected parturition to 3 weeks after parturition. Data were analysed as a completely randomized design and were averaged before statistical analyses. Diet effect on DMI was detected (P = 0.01). During the prepartum period the DMI in the HSFD group was consistently greater (P = 0.01) than in the HUFD group, while the DMI in the LFD group was not different (P = 0.56) to both the HSFD and HUFD groups. At parturition and postpartum period DMI in the HUFD group was consistently lower (P = 0.01) as compared to the LFD and HSFD groups. Body weight was not affected by dietary treatments (P = 0.41). Litter weight tended to be affected by diet treatments (P = 0.08). Birth weight of twins was affected by diet treatments (P = 0.03). The ratio of litter weight/does weight at parturition was not affected by diet treatments (P = 0.49). The milk fat contents were not different (P = 0.834) among the dietary groups, but milk protein content was highest (P = 0.03) in the LFD group. Blood NEFA and BHBA were greater (P = 0.04) in the HSFD or HUFD group at week 2 and 3 postpartum, while blood glucose level was highest in the LFD group at parturition (P = 0.01). Blood insulin and thyroxin were greater in the LFD group. It is concluded that during transition period the Boerka does responded better to low-fat concentrate compared to high fat concentrates when unsaponified PFAD was used, but reponded comparably to high fat diet when saponified PFAD was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of heat stress on Brahman Cross cattle performance which is maintained by feedlot with three treatments (non using fan, blower fan and HVLS fan) using split plot design, Giving the fan is treated as the main plot factor, while the cattle is treated as a plot factor factor (sub plot factor). Knowing the financial value of each treatment: feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, feed cost, cost per gain of Brahman, Belmont red and Charolais is fattened in feedlot. The result showed that using HVLS fan is most effective to cattle performance than blower fan and non using fan for belmont red and charolais cattle.