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6. Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

Author

Mearns, Alan J., Reish, Donald J., Oshida, Philip S., Ginn, Thomas, Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann, Arthur, Courtney, Rutherford, Nicolle, and Pryor, Rachel

Published
2015

7. Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

Author

Mearns, Alan J., Reish, Donald J., Oshida, Philip S., Ginn, Thomas, Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann, Arthur, Courtney, and Rutherford, Nicolle

Published
2014

8. Pre-analysis Plan

Author

Clemens, Michael and Ginn, Thomas

Subjects
Economics, health care facilities, manpower, and services, education, Social and Behavioral Sciences, reproductive and urinary physiology, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Pre-analysis plan for "International Labor Mobility and Externalities from Emergent Pandemics"

Published
2022
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9. Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms

Author

Mearns, Alan J., Reish, Donald J., Oshida, Philip S., Ginn, Thomas, Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann, Arthur, Courtney, and Rutherford, Nicolle

Published
2013

13. Attitudes and Policies toward Refugees : Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author

Aksoy, Cevat Giray and Ginn, Thomas

Subjects
LABOR MARKET ACCESS, SOCIAL INCLUSION, EXCLUSIONARY POLICIES, REFUGEES, SOCIAL COHESION, REFUGEE RIGHTS, DETERMINANTES OF SOCIAL COHESION, FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, INTEGRATION, RIGHT TO WORK, REFUGEE POLICY
Abstract

Exclusionary policies, such as limits on refugees’ movement and the right to work, are often justified as reasons to minimize economic and social tensions with host communities. While these policies have a negative effect on refugees’ economic outcomes, their ability to mitigate frictions with host communities is unknown. Inclusionary policies, on the other hand, could foster mutual gains and positive relations. This paper builds an extensive dataset of attitudes and economic outcomes, refugee populations, and policies at the sub-national level covering 14 years (2005-2018) and most low- and middle-income countries. Using event study and difference-in-differences methodologies, it assesses the effects of the arrival of large waves of refugees and finds little evidence that large refugee arrivals have a negative effect on average attitudes or economic outcomes in the short-term. There are also no significant differences between places with restrictive and inclusive policies, including de jure access to the labor market and opening camps.

Published
2022

20. HIV prevention among youth: A randomized controlled trial of voluntary counseling and testing for HIV and male condom distribution in rural Kenya

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics, Duflo, Esther, Dupas, Pascaline, Ginn, Thomas, Barasa, Grace Makana, Baraza, Moses, Pouliquen, Victor, Sharma, Vandana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics, Duflo, Esther, Dupas, Pascaline, Ginn, Thomas, Barasa, Grace Makana, Baraza, Moses, Pouliquen, Victor, and Sharma, Vandana

Abstract

© 2019 Duflo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV (VCT) and increasing access to male condoms are common strategies to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Using biological and behavioral outcomes, we compared programs to increase access to VCT, male condoms or both among youth in Western Kenya with the standard available HIV prevention services within this setting. Design A four arm, unblinded randomized controlled trial. Methods The sample includes 10,245 youth aged 17 to 24 randomly assigned to receive community-based VCT, 150 male condoms, both VCT and condoms, or neither program. All had access to standard HIV services available within their communities. Surveys and blood samples for HSV-2 testing were collected at baseline (2009–2010) and at follow up (2011–2013). VCT was offered to all participants at follow up. HSV-2 prevalence, the primary outcome, was assessed using weighted logistic regressions in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results For the 7,565 respondents surveyed at follow up, (effective tracking rate = 91%), the weighted HSV-2 prevalence was similar across groups (control group = 10.8%, condoms only group = 9.1%, VCT only group = 10.2%, VCT and condoms group = 11.5%). None of the interventions significantly reduced HSV-2 prevalence; the adjusted odds ratios were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.61–1.25) for condoms only, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.64–1.38) for VCT only, and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79–1.58) for both interventions. The VCT intervention significantly increased HIV testing (adj OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 2.32–5.41 for VCT only, and adj OR: 5.52, 95% CI: 3.90–7.81 for condoms and VCT group). There were no statistically significant effects on risk of HIV, or on other behavioral or knowledge outcomes including self-reported pregnan

Published
2021

23. Global Mobility and the Threat of Pandemics: Evidence from Three Centuries

Author

Clemens, Michael A. and Ginn, Thomas

Subjects
H23, J68, morbidity, migration, epidemic, Swine flu, Zika, MERS, border, ddc:330, Spanish flu, SARS, disease, I18, flu, pandemic, Russian flu, H1N1, Asian flu, COVID-19, HIV, health, global, mortality, mobility, Coronavirus, international, movement, influenza, health systems, globalization
Abstract

Countries restrict the overall extent of international travel and migration to balance the expected costs and benefits of mobility. Given the ever-present threat of new, future pandemics, how should permanent restrictions on mobility respond? A simple theoretical framework predicts that reduced exposure to pre-pandemic international mobility causes slightly slower arrival of the pathogen. A standard epidemiological model predicts no decrease in the harm of the pathogen if travel ceases thereafter and only a slight decrease in the harm (for plausible parameters) if travel does not cease. We test these predictions across four global pandemics in three different centuries: the influenza pandemics that began in 1889, 1918, 1957, and 2009. We find that in all cases, even a draconian 50 percent reduction in pre-pandemic international mobility is associated with 1–2 weeks later arrival and no detectable reduction in final mortality. The case for permanent limits on international mobility to reduce the harm of future pandemics is weak.

Published
2020

27. Study: proposed offshore gulf LNG terminals will have minor effects on fish populations

Author

Nielsen, Dreas, Ginn, Thomas, Ziccardi, Linda, and Boehm, Paul

Subjects
Gulf of Mexico -- Environmental aspects, Fish populations -- Environmental aspects, Fish populations -- Statistics, Fish populations -- Forecasts and trends, Liquefied natural gas industry -- Technology application, Liquefied natural gas industry -- Environmental aspects, Petroleum shipping terminals -- Technology application, Technology -- Usage, Technology -- Environmental aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Technology application, Business, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

Use of open u loop vaporization technology, by liquefied natural gas terminals in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which will have minimal detrimental effects on fish populations, is discussed.

Published
2006

37. Effects on Saltwater Organisms

Author

Reish, Donald J., Oshida, Philip S., Wilkes, Frank G., Mearns, Alan J., Ginn, Thomas C., and Carr, Robert Scott

Published
1984

38. Effects on Saltwater Organisms

Author

Reish, Donald J., Oshida, Philip S., Mearns, Alan J., Ginn, Thomas C., Carr, Robert Scott, Wilkes, Frank G., and Butowski, Nancy

Published
1985

41. Marine and Estuarine Pollution

Author

Reish, Donald J., Geesey, Gill G., Wilkes, Frank G., Oshida, Phillip S., Mearns, Alan J., Rossi, Steven S., and Ginn, Thomas C.

Published
1983

42. Marine and Estuarine Pollution

Author

Reish, Donald J., Geesey, Gill G., Oshida, Philip S., Wilkes, Frank G., Mearns, Alan J., Rossi, Steven S., and Ginn, Thomas C.

Published
1981

43. Marine and Estuarine Pollution

Author

Reish, Donald J., Geesey, Gill G., Wilkes, Frank G., Oshida, Phillip S., Mearns, Alan J., Rossi, Steven S., and Ginn, Thomas C.

Published
1982

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