116 results on '"Gina Porter"'
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2. Effects of pharmacological inhibition of the sodium‐dependent phosphate cotransporter 2b (NPT2b) on intestinal phosphate absorption in mouse and rat models
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Xiaojun Wang, Yanping Xu, Xiaohong Yu, Asim Dey, Hong Y. Zhang, Charity M. Zink, Derek Wodka, Gina Porter, William F. Matter, Leah Porras, Charles A. Reidy, Jeffrey A. Peterson, Brian E. Mattioni, Joseph V. Haas, Mark C. Kowala, and John R. Wetterau more...
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NPT2b ,Phosphate metabolism ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract An excess phosphate burden in renal disease has pathological consequences for bone, kidney, and heart. Therapies to decrease intestinal phosphate absorption have been used to address the problem, but with limited success. Here, we describe the in vivo effects of a novel potent inhibitor of the intestinal sodium‐dependent phosphate cotransporter NPT2b, LY3358966. Following treatment with LY3358966, phosphate uptake into plasma 15 min following an oral dose of radiolabeled phosphate was decreased 74% and 22% in mice and rats, respectively, indicating NPT2b plays a much more dominant role in mice than rats. Following the treatment with LY3358966 and radiolabeled phosphate, mouse feces were collected for 48 h to determine the ability of LY3358966 to inhibit phosphate absorption. Compared to vehicle‐treated animals, there was a significant increase in radiolabeled phosphate recovered in feces (8.6% of the dose, p more...
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- 2022
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3. Young people’s transport and mobility in sub-Saharan Africa : the gendered journey to school
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Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Augustine Tanle, Alister Munthali, Elsbet Robson, Mac Mashiri, and Goodhope Maponya
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Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This paper draws on rich ethnographic data and complementary survey research from a three-country study (Ghana, Malawi, South Africa) of young people’s mobility to explore the gendered nature of children’s journeys to school in sub-Saharan Africa. In most African countries, girls’ participation in formal education is substantially lower than boys’, especially at secondary school level. Transport and mobility issues often form an important component of this story, though the precise patterning of the transportation and mobility constraints experienced by schoolchildren, and the ways in which transport factors interact with other constraints, varies from region to region. We draw attention to the nature of gendered travel experiences in rural and urban areas, the implications of these findings for access to education, and finally suggest areas where policy intervention could be beneficial. more...
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- 2011
4. Mobile phones, gender, and female empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa: studies with African youth.
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Gina Porter, Kate R. Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, Ariane De Lannoy, Augustine Tanle, and Samuel Owusu
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- 2020
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5. Reflections on a century of road transport developments in West Africa and their (gendered) impacts on the rural poor
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Gina Porter
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Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This paper explores broad trends in road construction and associated transport services development in two West African countries, Ghana and Nigeria, over the last hundred years and considers their impact on the rural poor, with particular reference to rural women. It draws on diverse evidence, including twentieth century colonial archives, personal ethnographic field research undertaken over a 35- year period, associated quantitative surveys, and relevant secondary literature. Following an outline of each major phase in transport development, an assessment is made of its impacts on the rural poor, with particular reference to women. The study concludes with a review of recent donor policy shifts and the prospects for positive change. more...
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6. ‘No place for a woman’: Access, exclusion, insecurity and the mobility regime in grand tunis
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Emma C. Murphy, Gina Porter, Hamida Aouidet, Claire Dungey, Saerom Han, Rania Houiji, Mariem Jlassi, Hanen Keskes, Hichem Mansour, Wiem Nasser, Hanen Riahi, Sihem Riahi, and Hamza Zaghoud
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Sociology and Political Science - Abstract
Drawing on an innovative peer researcher method, this paper uses mobility diaries and in-transit interviews to examine the everyday travel experiences of women from socio-economically marginalised neighbourhoods in metropolitan Grand Tunis. It situates those experiences, and the practices they deploy to navigate them, within a meso-level discussion of women’s social condition in Tunisia and a macro-level political economy of the Tunis transport system. Together these shed light on the multi-layered intersecting disadvantages which shape women’s place in the prevailing mobility regime, pushing already marginalised women into transport poverty and social exclusion. The paper highlights the subsequent constraints on women’s access to the resources which might allow them to improve their lives, and the significance of travel-related violence and insecurity on their everyday lives. more...
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- 2023
7. Peer research, power and ethics
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Gina Porter, Claire Dungey, Maryam Abdullahi Akoshi, Patience Hannatu Bullus, Rania Houiji, Sandiswa Matomane, Aisha Umar Mohammed, Hauwa Mohammed, Aisha Ishaku Musa Wiem Nasser, and Umar Nasirat Usman more...
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- 2023
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8. DANGERS IN THE THIRD PLACE
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Claire Elisabeth Dungey, Hadiza Ahmad, Joseph Mshelia Yahaya, Fatima Adamu, Plangsat Bitrus Dayil, Ariane De Lannoy, and Gina Porter
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- 2023
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9. Everyday mobility practices and the ethics of care: young women's reflections on social responsibility in the time of COVID-19 in three African cities
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Gina Porter, Claire Dungey, Emma Murphy, Fatima Adamu, Plangsat Bitrus Dayil, and Ariane de Lannoy
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Sociology and Political Science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Demography - Abstract
This paper draws principally from COVID-19 diaries written by young women whom we had previously trained as peer researchers in a mobility study of low-income neighbourhoods in Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. Some live with parents or older extended family members, others have children in their care, but concerns around avoiding contagion have forced all peer researchers to reflect on their everyday socio-spatial mobility practices. This includes whether/how much they need to travel or can substitute virtual for physical travel; which transport mode to take and when; what precautions they must take on the move; what strategies of engagement are required to cope with externally imposed rules and contingencies – and the potential impact of their negotiations, decisions and experiences on the health of those dear to them at home. Reflections on these pandemic-induced responsibilities range from social distancing and mask wearing to issues around handling cash, modes of greeting and travel to funerals. The personal interpretations of responsibility that are reported in individual diaries point to the complexity of entanglements between everyday mobility practices on city streets and negotiated relations of care within the household (and other relational settings) that have emerged and deepened as the COVID story unfolds. more...
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- 2023
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10. Chapter 17 Exploring Collaborative Research Methodologies in the Pursuit of Sustainable Futures
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Gina Porter
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- 2022
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11. Women’s mobility and transport in the peripheries of three African cities: Reflecting on early impacts of COVID-19
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K. Van der Weidje, Fatima Adamu, Gina Porter, P.B. Dayil, S. Han, H. Ahmad, A. De Lannoy, Emma C. Murphy, Clark S, B. Maskiti, H. Mansour, and C. Dungey
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050210 logistics & transportation ,Economic growth ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Psychological intervention ,Vulnerability ,Transportation ,02 engineering and technology ,Pedestrian ,Representation (politics) ,Political science ,SAFER ,Public transport ,0502 economics and business ,021108 energy ,Action research ,business - Abstract
This paper reflects on the mobility experiences of women in African cities in COVID-19, based on research conducted both prior to and following entry into the COVID-19 ‘moment’. It draws on material collected during an ongoing action research study aimed at addressing the everyday transport and mobility challenges faced by young women living in poor peripheral communities of three African cities – Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. The project has the specific objective of supporting young women's improved access to employment opportunities through trialling various mobility/transport-related skills interventions (based on prior in-depth analysis of mobility constraints). With the onset of COVID-19 some readjustments to the research focus and planned interventions became necessary. The research teams, together with an NGO partner, are now working to chart how young women's everyday experiences of mobility and transport - both as transport users and as transport sector workers - are changing as processes of lockdown and their relaxation evolve. The paper covers the period from early 2019 through to March 2021, and offers reflections regarding ‘lived experiences’ of mobility practice pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and the potential longer-term mobility-related impacts for women resident in low-income neighbourhoods in a post-COVID-19 era. This leads to consideration of key policy lessons. There is potential for prioritisation of Non-Motorised Transport interventions towards a green restart that would benefit women (for instance through promoting women's cycling), and for growing women's participation as transport operators, even perhaps the usage of drones to aid women's safer pedestrian travel. But such interventions will require far greater representation of women in COVID-19 and wider transport decision-making entities than has hitherto been the case. more...
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- 2021
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12. Youth, mobility and mobile phones in Africa: findings from a three-country study.
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Gina Porter, Kate R. Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, Mac Mashiri, and Augustine Tanle
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- 2012
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13. Gendered politics in rural roads: gender mainstreaming in Tanzania's transport sector
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Gina Porter, Godfrey Mulongo, and Amleset Tewodros
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Economic growth ,biology ,Multiple forms ,Social impact ,Transportation ,Rural roads ,biology.organism_classification ,Gender mainstreaming ,Politics ,Tanzania ,Political science ,Rural women ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Everyday reality - Abstract
This paper explores the impacts of gender mainstreaming initiatives in Tanzania's transport sector on the everyday reality of rural women's lives, including those facing multiple forms of discrimination. Using qualitative methods, including co-investigation with community members, data were triangulated from diverse sources: vulnerable women and other residents in two Tanzanian districts, road contractors, professionals engaged in supporting the country's transport programmes and staff in donor agencies. The results indicate that progress in mainstreaming has been slow. Despite government directives, few women have benefitted from employment in road construction except through two national programmes: the Village Travel and Transport Programme and the Tanzania Social Action Fund. However, most women, particularly those disadvantaged, derive benefit from road improvement, even if only as pedestrians or wheelchair users taking advantage of a smoother surface, or better travel security when vegetation is cut back. For women with the funds and independence to access the expanded transport services that tend to follow road improvements, there can be significant benefits – faster travel, improved access to farms and markets and sometimes lower transport costs. Nevertheless, women's constrained resources and prevailing cultural mores continue to militate against them directly operating transport, whether for personal or business use. more...
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- 2020
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14. Improving young women’s access to safe mobility in a low-income area of Tunis: Challenges and opportunities pre- and post-Covid
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Gina Porter, Emma Murphy, Saerom Han, Hichem Mansour, Hanen Keskes, Claire Dungey, Sam Clark, and Kim van der Weijde
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This paper explores the everyday transport and mobility challenges faced by young women living in one poor peripheral neighborhood of a North African city, Tunis. Discussion spans a two-year period covering conditions prior to and within the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an innovative participatory methodology, young women from the study neighborhood were trained to work as peer researchers in collaboration with the academic team. We examine women’s everyday mobility experiences, with particular reference to safety and the risk-avoidance practices they employ. In the context of the pandemic we then consider the impact of measures such as social distancing, lockdowns, and curfews on women’s travel safety. In the early phases of the pandemic women’s concerns around harassment seem to have been over-ridden by stronger concerns regarding disease contagion but also reflect reduced incidence of harassment due to limits imposed on transport usage and over-crowding. We conclude with reflections regarding the interventions needed for more positive post-pandemic travel scenarios, including priority seating, and boarding for women; expanded transport services into low-income areas; also improved surveillance on transport, at transport hubs and on the streets. more...
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- 2022
15. Editorial: Themed issue on gender mainstreaming in rural transport
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Gina Porter and Annabel Bradbury
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Political science ,Transportation ,Gender studies ,Gender mainstreaming ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2020
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16. Transport Modes and Remote Areas
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Gina Porter
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- 2021
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17. Innovative field research methodologies for more inclusive transport planning: Review and prospect
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Gina Porter and Claire Elisabeth Dungey
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Transportation planning ,Government ,Mobilities ,business.industry ,Urban planning ,Political science ,Field research ,Context (language use) ,Public relations ,business ,Private sector ,Slum - Abstract
This chapter focuses on innovative field research methodologies developed over the last few decades that have the potential to support and promote more inclusive transport planning. The review covers methodologies that have been tried out in the Global North and in the Global South, with specific reference to applications in the context of mobilities/transport research and policy, and considers the potential for future applications with specific reference to the Global South. In the Global South transport planning still typically takes the form of a technocratic exercise conducted by a “tyranny of experts,” national and international, whose enthrallment with automobility may severely impede their appreciation of the mobility needs of the public they are appointed to serve (as Klopp and Cavoli, 2018 : 105, citing Easterly, 2013 , note with reference to African city planning). The everyday experiences, perceptions and needs of the poor, notably slum residents, and of wider vulnerable groups (women, children, older people, the infirm) are often not only marginalized but stigmatized (particularly through association of low income areas with criminality), both by government and private sector planning partners. For more socially equitable mobility solutions to be adopted in the cities of the Global South, broader application of field research methodologies that can engage effectively with a wide spectrum of potential transport users (including marginalized groups) is needed. Significant quantities of sound empirical evidence from such research will be required before the majority of policymakers, urban planners and city managers/personnel start to fully engage with the social dimensions of transport planning. Whether the “new normal” following the COVID-19 pandemic will provide the requisite opportunities to build such engagement currently remains uncertain. more...
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- 2021
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18. Trust, Accountability and Face-to-face Interaction in North–South NGO Relations
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Emma Mawdsley, Janet G. Townsend, and Gina Porter
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- 2020
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19. Taking the long view: temporal considerations in the ethics of children’s research activity and knowledge production
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Kate Hampshire, Gina Porter, Samuel Owusu, Simon Mariwah, Albert Abane, Elsbeth Robson, Alister Munthali, Mac Mashiri, Goodhope Maponya, and Michael Bourdillon
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- 2020
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20. Introduction
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Gina Porter, Janet Townsend, and Kate Hampshire
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- 2020
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21. Transport, Communications, and Infrastructure in International Development Contexts
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Gina Porter
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business.industry ,Sociology ,Telecommunications ,business ,International development - Published
- 2018
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22. Connecting with home, keeping in touch: physical and virtual mobility across stretched families in sub-Saharan Africa
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Samuel Asiedu Owusu, Kate Hampshire, Gina Porter, Andisiwe Bango, Alister Munthali, Ariane De Lannoy, Augustine Tanle, Albert Abane, and Elsbeth Robson
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Virtual mobility ,Resource mobilization ,Economic growth ,060101 anthropology ,Sub saharan ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Closeness ,0507 social and economic geography ,06 humanities and the arts ,050701 cultural studies ,Geography ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Mobile phone ,Anthropology ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociality - Abstract
There is a long history of migration among low-income families in sub-Saharan Africa, in which (usually young, often male) members leave home to seek their fortune in what are perceived to be more favourable locations. While the physical and virtual mobility practices of such stretched families are often complex and contingent, maintaining contact with distantly located close kin is frequently of crucial importance for the maintenance of emotional (and possibly material) well-being, both for those who have left home and for those who remain. This article explores the ways in which these connections are being reshaped by increasing access to mobile phones in three sub-Saharan countries – Ghana, Malawi and South Africa – drawing on interdisciplinary, mixed-methods research from twenty-four sites, ranging from poor urban neighbourhoods to remote rural hamlets. Stories collected from both ends of stretched families present a world in which the connectivities now offered by the mobile phone bring a different kind of closeness and knowing, as instant sociality introduces a potential substitute for letters, cassettes and face-to-face visits, while the rapid resource mobilization opportunities identified by those still at home impose increasing pressures on migrant kin. more...
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- 2018
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23. Youth Livelihoods in the Cellphone Era: Perspectives from Urban Africa
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Alister Munthali, Ariane De Lannoy, Albert Abane, Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Andisiwe Bango, Samuel Asiedu Owusu, Elsbeth Robson, and Augustine Tanle
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Economic growth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Section (typography) ,0507 social and economic geography ,High density ,Development ,Livelihood ,050701 cultural studies ,Work (electrical) ,Phone ,Mobile phone ,Political science ,Unemployment ,050703 geography ,media_common - Abstract
Issues surrounding youth employment and unemployment are central to the next development decade. Understanding how youth use mobile phones as a means of communicating and exchanging information about employment and livelihoods is particularly important given the prominence of mobile phone use in young lives. This paper explores and reflects on youth phone usage in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa, drawing on mixed-methods research with young people aged approximately 9-25 years, in 12 (high density) urban and peri-urban sites. Comparative work across these sites offers evidence of both positive and negative impacts. The final section of the paper considers policy implications. more...
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- 2018
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24. Mutongi, Kenda. Matatu: a history of popular transportation in Nairobi. ix, 350 pp., maps, illus., bibliogr. Chicago: Univ. Press, 2017. £22.50 (paper)
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Gina Porter
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Anthropology - Published
- 2020
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25. Mobile phones, gender, and female empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa : studies with African youth
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Albert Abane, Elsbeth Robson, Samuel Asiedu Owusu, Augustine Tanle, Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Ariane De Lannoy, and Alister Munthali
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Entrepreneurship ,Sub saharan ,Public Administration ,Poverty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Patriarchy ,Survey research ,02 engineering and technology ,Sexual relationship ,Development ,Computer Science Applications ,Phone ,020204 information systems ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,050211 marketing ,Sociology ,Empowerment ,Socioeconomics ,media_common - Abstract
Data from qualitative and survey research with young people in 24 locations (urban and rural) across Ghana, Malawi, and South Africa expose the complex interplay between phone ownership and usage, female empowerment, and chronic poverty in Africa. We consider gendered patterns of phone ownership and use before examining practices of use in educational settings, in business and in romantic and sexual relationships. While some reshaping of everyday routines is evident, in the specific context of female empowerment we find little support within our sites for the concept of the mobile phone as an instrument of positive transformative change. The phone's application in romantic and sexual relationships demonstrates particularly strongly the way phones are complicit in constraining women's empowerment and points to potential wider repercussions, including for educational and entrepreneurship trajectories. Women's agency is still mired within wider structures of patriarchy and chronic poverty: existing inequalities are being re-inscribed and reinforced. more...
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- 2020
26. Mobilities in Rural Africa: New Connections, New Challenges
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Gina Porter
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- 2018
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27. Digital methodologies and practices in children's geographies
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Karen Witten, Gina Porter, Robin Kearns, and Christina Ergler
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Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Emerging technologies ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,050906 social work ,Aesthetics ,Feature (computer vision) ,Children's geographies ,Omnipresence ,Sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,Everyday life ,050703 geography - Abstract
Digital technologies are part of children's everyday life and increasingly feature within academics’ research practice. The omnipresence of new technologies such as smartphones, tablet computers an... more...
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- 2016
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28. Mobilities in Rural Africa: New Connections, New Challenges
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Gina Porter
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050210 logistics & transportation ,Physical mobility ,Mobilities ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Phones ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,Poverty ,Interdependence ,Geography ,Mobile phone ,0502 economics and business ,Copresence ,Motorcycle-taxi transport ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,Telecommunications ,business ,050703 geography ,Earth-Surface Processes ,media_common - Abstract
Fluid interdependencies of mobility—physical and virtual—are growing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa: The remarkable expansion of mobile phone networks is bringing a tangible new dimension of connectivity into mobility, transport, and access equations on the ground. This article draws on in-depth field research, including co-investigation with two groups often disadvantaged in their physical mobility, youth and older people, to explicate some current African developments and their departure from prevailing Western-based conceptualizations of space–time interactions (regarding the potential for space–time flexibility and microcoordination afforded by mobile phones). Despite the fact that face-to-face interaction is often of great significance in Africa, when the value attached to personalized relationships is balanced against factors of widespread poverty and irregular, sometimes very dangerous transport, the potential for phone substitution appears greater than in many Western contexts. Better distance management through phone use could be particularly closely associated with populations with very low disposable incomes or those whose physical mobility is limited; for instance, by disability, infirmity, age, or gender. more...
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- 2016
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29. Reflections on co-investigation through peer research with young people and older people in sub-Saharan Africa
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Gina Porter
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Malawi ,Economic growth ,Sub saharan ,South Africa ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Peer research ,02 engineering and technology ,Ghana ,Tanzania ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Co-investigation ,Research quality ,Sociology ,Ethics ,biology ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Gender studies ,biology.organism_classification ,Work (electrical) ,Ethical concerns ,Young people ,Older people ,050703 geography ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This article reflects on a series of collaborative studies led by the author where co-investigation with peer-researchers has played a central role. The first concerns work with young people, trained to enable them to participate as peer-researchers in a child mobility study in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa; the second a research project on youth and mobile phones, in which some of those young peer-researchers have a continued involvement; the third a study of older people’s mobility in Tanzania, conducted in collaboration with an international NGO. Experience in these projects illustrates the complexities of co-investigation, not least the ethical concerns which have to be addressed when working with commonly marginalized people, whatever their age, but it also highlights the potential rewards which such collaborations can bring to individual peer-researchers, to academic research quality and, in the longer term, towards better policy and practice. more...
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- 2015
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30. Young People’s Daily Mobilities in Sub-Saharan Africa : Moving Young Lives
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Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, Mac Mashiri, Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, and Mac Mashiri
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- Children, Youth and Family Policy, Childhood, Adolescence and Society, African Politics, African Culture, Children, Political science, Ethnology--Africa, Adolescence, Political Science and International Relations, Social policy, Social groups
- Abstract
This book explores the daily mobilities and immobilities of children and young people in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors draw on findings from rural and urban field research extending over many years, culminating in a 24-site study across three African countries: Ghana, Malawi, and South Africa. Wider reflections on gender, relationality, the politics of mobility, and field methodology frame the study. By bringing together diverse strands of a complex daily mobilities picture-from journeys for education, work, play/leisure and health, to associated experiences of different transport modes, road safety, and the virtual mobility now afforded by mobile phones-the book helps fill a knowledge gap with crucial significance for development policy and practice. more...
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- 2017
31. Mobility, Transport and Older People’s Well-Being in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review and Prospect
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Gina Porter, Mark Gorman, Amleset Tewodros, Curl, A., and Musselwhite, C.
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Value (ethics) ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Economic growth ,Sub saharan ,biology ,Mobilities ,Rural tanzania ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,biology.organism_classification ,Tanzania ,Mobile phone ,0502 economics and business ,Well-being ,Sociology ,Older people - Abstract
This chapter presents a review of the very limited research on older people’s mobility and transport needs in urban and rural contexts across Anglophone countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This is followed by reflections on recent mixed-methods research conducted through an NGO—academic collaboration with older people in rural Tanzania. Three themes given particular emphasis are, firstly, the significance of relationality in mobilities research with older people—other family and community members may substantially contribute to the shaping of older people’s mobile lives; secondly, the importance of exploring potential new connectivities associated with mobile phone and motorcycle-taxi usage among older people which may improve their well-being; and thirdly the value of taking a co-investigation approach to research with older community members. The final portion of the chapter is concerned with identification of significant research gaps where mobilities/transport-focused research with older people in sub-Saharan Africa is urgently needed. more...
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- 2018
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32. Qualitative Methods for Investigating Transport and Mobility Issues among Commonly Socially Excluded Populations: A Case Study of Co-investigation with Older People in Rural Tanzania
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Amleset Tewodros, Flavian Bifandimu, Gina Porter, Amanda Heslop, and Mark Gorman
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Gerontology ,Mobilities ,Rural tanzania ,Physical access ,Elderly people ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Rural area ,Older people ,elderly ,qualitative methods ,excluded populations ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Qualitative research on transport and mobilities in development contexts is relatively sparse. Following a preliminary discussion of qualitative approaches developed by the first author when researching transport-related issues with commonly excluded populations (women, children, people resident away from the paved road, older people) in rural sub-Saharan Africa, a detailed case study is presented of the methodology employed in an investigation into the transport and mobility problems experienced by older people. This study, which focuses on older people's physical access to health and other services in rural Tanzania, was conducted in collaboration with older people from the Kibaha District of Pwani region. The study is one of the first to explore older people's mobility and associated access to services in Africa and the first to use a co-investigation approach in this context. more...
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- 2015
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33. Exploring the intersection between physical and virtual mobilities in urban South Africa
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Gina Porter, Ariane De Lannoy, Andisiwe Bango, Kate Hampshire, Mac Mashiri, and Nwabisa Gunguluza
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Interdependence ,Virtual mobility ,Precarity ,Mobilities ,Mobile phone ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Field research ,Media studies ,Sociology ,Cognitive reframing ,Variety (cybernetics) ,media_common - Abstract
The mobile phone is transforming African mobile lives at a variety of scales, from the minutiae of individual spatial orientations to expansive global connectivities. Now-possible fluid interdependencies between corporeal mobility and virtual mobility have the potential to reframe and reshape lives, especially for young people, who typically have limited financial resources yet are often at the vanguard of mobile phone adoption. This chapter explores the intersection between physical and virtual mobilities among young people in two smaller South African urban centres, drawing on mixed-methods field research, the first study conducted with young people 9 to18 years, the second with a wider age group extending from 9 to 25 years. It focuses on the transport and related physical mobility challenges young people face in reaching locations (and people) important in their lives, and the role that access to mobile phones is now having in mediating those challenges and associated access patterns in these sites. Particular attention is given to the role of gender in the shaping and reshaping of mobility and access patterns: precarity, safety and security are significant themes. more...
- Published
- 2017
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34. Jennifer Hart, Ghana on the Go: African mobility in the age of motor transportation. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press (hb US$85 – 978 0 253 02277 6; pb US$35 – 978 0 253 02307 0). 2016, 266 pp
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Gina Porter
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Anthropology ,Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2018
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35. Meeting Young People’s Mobility and Transport Needs: Review and Prospect
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Gina Porter and Jeff Turner
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Economic growth ,Asia ,Mobilities ,school ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,TJ807-830 ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Youth voice ,Renewable energy sources ,children ,work ,0502 economics and business ,GE1-350 ,Mobile technology ,Action research ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Poverty ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Grey literature ,mobility ,Environmental sciences ,Scale (social sciences) ,transport ,Africa ,youth voice ,road safety - Abstract
This paper reviews published and grey literature on young people&rsquo, s daily transport and mobility experiences and potential, with the aim of identifying major research gaps. It draws on literature across a range of disciplines where interest in mobilities has expanded significantly over the last decade (transport studies, social sciences, notably geography and anthropology, health sciences). We focus particularly on young people from poorer households, since poverty and mobility intersect and interact in complex ways and this needs closer attention. Although youth transport issues are set in their global context, the focus on poverty encourages particular attention to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially countries in Africa and Asia. Key themes include education, employment, travel safety and the role of mobile technology. This review demonstrates how young people&rsquo, s travel experiences, needs and risks are embedded in power relations and vary with gender, age and location. It also points to the scale and range of uncertainties that so many young people now face globally as they negotiate daily mobility (or immobility). Significant research gaps are identified, including the need for more in-depth action research involving young people themselves (especially in Asia), and greater attention to the impact of mobile technologies on travel practices. more...
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- 2019
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36. Transport Services and Their Impact on Poverty and Growth in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Recent Research and Future Research Needs
- Author
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Gina Porter
- Subjects
Employment ,Connectivity ,Economic growth ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Vulnerability ,Taxis ,Poison control ,Transportation ,Pedestrian ,Motor-cycle taxis ,Occupational safety and health ,Agriculture ,Road safety ,Transport services ,Business ,Rural area - Abstract
This paper reviews recent transport services research in rural sub-Saharan Africa, with reference to the crucial significance of transport services for reducing poverty and encouraging growth. It focuses on issues key to improved well-being: generation of direct employment, broader economic effects on agricultural and off-farm activities, and social effects regarding health and education. Throughout, the emphasis is on implications for vulnerable groups. Attention is drawn to the potential of recent developments, notably connectivities associated with motorcycle taxis and the rapid expansion of mobile phones. Significant knowledge gaps in the transport services arena are identified, from impacts of climate change, conflict and pedestrian porterage to the economic valuation of transport, village transport operations and road safety. Suggestions are made regarding the type of studies and methods which could help to reduce some of these gaps. more...
- Published
- 2014
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37. Health impacts of pedestrian head-loading: A review of the evidence with particular reference to women and children in sub-Saharan Africa
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Martin Levesley, Richard M. Hall, Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Kim Burton, Albert Abane, Julia Panther, Christine E. Dunn, Mwenza Blell, and Steve Robson
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Adult ,Male ,Economic growth ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Sanitation ,Health Status ,Load-carrying ,Pain ,Transport ,Poison control ,Walking ,Pedestrian ,Firewood ,Psychology, Social ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Psycho-social ,Weight-Bearing ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Pregnancy ,RA0421 ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Biomechanical ,Maternal Welfare ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Impact factor ,business.industry ,Gender ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Maternal health ,R1 ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Africa ,H1 ,Female ,business ,Head - Abstract
Across sub-Saharan Africa, women and children play major roles as pedestrian load-transporters, in the widespread absence of basic sanitation services, electricity and affordable/reliable motorised transport. The majority of loads, including water and firewood for domestic purposes, are carried on the head. Load-carrying has implications not only for school attendance and performance, women's time budgets and gender relations, but arguably also for health and well-being. We report findings from a comprehensive review of relevant literature, undertaken June–September 2012, focussing particularly on biomechanics, maternal health, and the psycho-social impacts of load-carrying; we also draw from our own research. Key knowledge gaps and areas for future research are highlighted. more...
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- 2013
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38. Young people’s daily mobilities in Sub-Saharan Africa : moving young lives
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Gina Porter, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, and Mac Mashiri
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- 2017
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39. Erratum to: Young People’s Daily Mobilities in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Alister Munthali, Gina Porter, Albert Abane, Kate Hampshire, Mac Mashiri, and Elsbeth Robson
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Sub saharan ,Geography ,Mobilities ,Demography - Published
- 2017
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40. Identifying Research Gaps and Building a Field Research Methodology with Young People
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Alister Munthali, Gina Porter, Mac Mashiri, Albert Abane, Elsbeth Robson, and Kate Hampshire
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Engineering ,Interview ,Mobilities ,business.industry ,Management science ,Specific-information ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Field research ,Participant observation ,Public relations ,business ,Set (psychology) ,Focus group - Abstract
This chapter introduces the field studies on which the book is based and traces the development of the mixed-method, child-centred approach to mobilities research, embedded in participant observation and culminating in the Child Mobility (CM) study in 24 sites. The incorporation of peer-investigation by young people themselves, working with academics as co-researchers, is discussed in some detail. A review of field methods, their benefits and disadvantages, follows: this includes experiments with a mobile interview method, focus groups, life histories and a substantial quantitative survey—all designed to elicit specific information, but set within an ongoing close engagement with the study communities concerned. Attention to the ethics of working with young people, both as co-investigators and respondents, is a linking theme. The chapter concludes with information about some of the individual field sites where research has been conducted and the logic behind their selection. more...
- Published
- 2016
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41. Conclusion: Reflecting on Theory and Method, Practice and Policy
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Gina Porter, Elsbeth Robson, Albert Abane, Mac Mashiri, Kate Hampshire, and Alister Munthali
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Gender equality ,Mobilities ,Policy decision ,Political science ,Psychological intervention ,Context (language use) ,Positive economics ,Social constructionism ,Epistemology - Abstract
The concluding chapter reflects on the findings presented throughout the book. Mobilities as social constructs are experienced and imagined very differently, not least according to age, gender and family context. Most significant of all is the issue of gender equality, which permeates the material reality of so many mobilities stories. Attention is given to some of the practical mobility-related interventions which have potential to improve the course of young people’s lives in sub-Saharan Africa: these are not necessarily about improving mobility per se, of course, since in some contexts less, rather than more mobility could be beneficial. The final section of the chapter reflects on the influence of wider in-country policy decisions and practice and the international sphere, not least the issue of mobility targets in the MDGs and SDGs. more...
- Published
- 2016
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42. Negotiating Transport, Travel and Traffic, Part 1: Walking and Cycling
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Kate Hampshire, Gina Porter, Mac Mashiri, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, and Elsbeth Robson
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Transport engineering ,Politics ,Negotiation ,Embodied cognition ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ethnography ,Survey data collection ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Travel mode ,Cycling ,Focus group ,media_common - Abstract
The focus of this chapter (and the next) is the felt, everyday experiences young people have of specific travel modes and their journeys using them, drawing on Cresswell’s (2010) disaggregation of mobility into constituent parts, each with a politics which can be used to differentiate people and things into hierarchies of mobility. Following a brief comparative review of young people’s overall transport and travel practices across Ghana, Malawi and South Africa, based on survey data, the discussion draws intensively on ethnographic data to interrogate identified patterns of walking and cycling, contrasting travel practices in diverse rural and urban locations and exploring the implications of travel mode for lifestyle and identities. Gender and age-related differences are highlighted wherever relevant, leading to wider reflections concerning young people’s embodied practices of travel and transport experiences. more...
- Published
- 2016
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43. Negotiating Transport, Travel and Traffic, Part 2: Motor-Mobility, Traffic Risk and Road Safety
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Gina Porter, Elsbeth Robson, Mac Mashiri, Kate Hampshire, Alister Munthali, and Albert Abane
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Shared space ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,Vehicle Information and Communication System ,Nagging ,Laughter ,Transport engineering ,Travel behavior ,Popular music ,Traffic engineering ,Public transport ,Sociology ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This chapter follows on directly from Chap. 7, as the transport theme moves from walking and cycling to motor-mobility, but it brings to the fore a very different set of mobility experiences. Young people discuss their views and experiences of travelling in the shared space of the motor vehicle: motor-mobility not only enables an extended spatial reach but introduces an environment rich in potential for both welcome and abhorrent interactions (squeezed bodies and wandering hands, the heavy beat of the latest popular music, rude jokes, raucous laughter, sexual innuendo, etc.). Also, for many, the ever-present, nagging fear that forces—human or occult—may bring the journey, the vehicle and all its occupants to an untimely end. The threat of injury from traffic accidents is a significant risk factor in young lives; the final part of the chapter presents young people’s perceptions of risk and their experiences of traffic-related accidents (including as pedestrians). more...
- Published
- 2016
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44. Balancing the Load: Mobility, Work and Income Generation
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Kate Hampshire, Alister Munthali, Mac Mashiri, Elsbeth Robson, Albert Abane, and Gina Porter
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Labour economics ,Work (electrical) ,Order (exchange) ,Embodied cognition ,business.industry ,Habitus ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,Business ,Electricity ,Element (criminal law) ,Everyday life - Abstract
For many young people across sub-Saharan Africa, work—whether paid or unpaid—is a fundamental element of everyday life. This chapter encompasses not only work activities that require mobility to reach or conduct work but also work activities that are specifically generated by Africa’s transport failures (the need to carry water in the absence of water pipes, fuel in the absence of electricity, food and other goods in the absence of cheap motorised transport). The costs and constraints of mobility, compliance and resistance are examined in rural and urban locations. This includes specific reflections on children’s bodily experiences of load carrying, drawing on the work of Goffman, Bourdieu and others, in order to examine the findings in terms of gender habitus, performance and institutional reflexivity—the way gender is embodied from an early age through reiterated practices. more...
- Published
- 2016
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45. Mobility and Health: Young People’s Health-Seeking Behaviour and Physical Access to Health Services
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Elsbeth Robson, Kate Hampshire, Alister Munthali, Gina Porter, Albert Abane, and Mac Mashiri
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Poverty ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public relations ,Representation (politics) ,Work (electrical) ,State (polity) ,Health care ,Physical access ,Health education ,Narrative ,business ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This chapter focuses on young people’s access and travel to health services (for personal consultation and treatment) in rural and urban locations, situating the discussion, where feasible, with reference to the wider therapeutic landscapes (material, symbolic and virtual) within which these health-care practices and experiences are played out. Unlike the regular daily movements which characterise young people’s mobility for education and work purposes, health-seeking is usually a less frequent motivation for travel, but the felt everyday experiences of health-seeking are complex and challenging. The chapter demonstrates how widespread poverty and the state’s limited ability to provide adequate, effective health care are key contextual elements within which young people and/or their carers make decisions regarding whether, when and where to seek health advice and treatment. Gender and age factors also come into play. The narratives presented demonstrate the disturbing fragility of entanglements between physical movement, representation and practice. more...
- Published
- 2016
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46. Beyond the School and Working Day: Building Connections Through Play, Leisure, Worship and Other Social Contact
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Kate Hampshire, Gina Porter, Albert Abane, Mac Mashiri, Elsbeth Robson, and Alister Munthali
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business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Identity (social science) ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Public relations ,Worship ,Work (electrical) ,Mobile phone ,Happiness ,Element (criminal law) ,Psychology ,business ,050703 geography ,Recreation ,Social psychology ,media_common ,Social capital - Abstract
This chapter explores the everyday mobility of pre-pubescent children and older teenagers outside of school and work arenas. Life beyond formal education and work is crucial not only to young people’s health, well-being and happiness of and in the moment, but will contribute to shaping their identity in the long term, not least through the construction of social networks (and associated creation of social capital). Rural and urban recreational activities are compared across diverse sites. Discussion then moves beyond physical mobility to the implications of increasing access to mobile phones as a new element that can leapfrog and thus mediate distance, with potentially significant impacts on social contact patterns. A final section reflects on mobility associated with participation in religious worship and related activities. Gender issues (and associated permissions and restrictions) form a persistent theme through the chapter. more...
- Published
- 2016
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47. Experiencing the Journey to School: Rural and Urban Narratives
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Mac Mashiri, Elsbeth Robson, Gina Porter, Alister Munthali, Kate Hampshire, and Albert Abane
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Mobilities ,Lived experience ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Gender studies ,Experiential learning ,Social life ,Geography ,050903 gender studies ,Ethnography ,Pedagogy ,Narrative ,0509 other social sciences ,Rural settlement ,0503 education ,Theme (narrative) - Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the intersections between children’s mobility and educational uptake and achievement. It introduces some important pupil experiences that have received little consideration in conventional academic debates about educational access issues and failures across Africa (which tend to focus on what happens in the classroom). Field data are used to illustrate the lived experience of children’s journeys to and from school—their experiential and sensory qualities—in diverse contexts. The mobile ethnography research brings a textured understanding of these journeys and the wider setting within which they take place: the way mobilities are performed, experienced through the body and embedded in social life, but also the significance of the ‘moorings’ (home and school) between which movements take place. The extent and ways in which cultural attitudes influence girls’ travel patterns and practices and the implications for gendered life trajectories is a recurrent theme, while age and prevailing patterns of transport provision interpose further complexity. more...
- Published
- 2016
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48. Mobilities and livelihoods in urban development contexts : introduction
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Karen Lucas and Gina Porter
- Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation ,Mobilities ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Transportation ,Livelihood ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Urban planning ,Environmental health ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Injury prevention ,Social science ,050703 geography ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2016
49. Who bears the cost of 'informal mhealth'? Health-workers' mobile phone practices and associated political-moral economies of care in Ghana and Malawi
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Kate, Hampshire, Gina, Porter, Simon, Mariwah, Alister, Munthali, Elsbeth, Robson, Samuel Asiedu, Owusu, Albert, Abane, and James, Milner
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Community Health Workers ,Malawi ,moral economy ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Cost Allocation ,Original Articles ,task shifting ,Ghana ,Telemedicine ,political economy ,community health-workers ,Humans ,Rural Health Services ,Cell Phone ,Care work ,mobile phones - Abstract
Africa’s recent communications ‘revolution’ has generated optimism that using mobile phones for health (mhealth) can help bridge healthcare gaps, particularly for rural, hard-to-reach populations. However, while scale-up of mhealth pilots remains limited, health-workers across the continent possess mobile phones. This article draws on interviews from Ghana and Malawi to ask whether/how health-workers are using their phones informally and with what consequences. Health-workers were found to use personal mobile phones for a wide range of purposes: obtaining help in emergencies; communicating with patients/colleagues; facilitating community-based care, patient monitoring and medication adherence; obtaining clinical advice/information and managing logistics. However, the costs were being borne by the health-workers themselves, particularly by those at the lower echelons, in rural communities, often on minimal stipends/salaries, who are required to ‘care’ even at substantial personal cost. Although there is significant potential for ‘informal mhealth’ to improve (rural) healthcare, there is a risk that the associated moral and political economies of care will reinforce existing socioeconomic and geographic inequalities. more...
- Published
- 2016
50. Child Porterage and Africa’s Transport Gap: Evidence from Ghana, Malawi and South Africa
- Author
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Kate Hampshire, Augustine Tanle, Mac Mashiri, Alister Munthali, Sipho Dube, Goodhope Maponya, Elsbeth Robson, Albert Abane, and Gina Porter
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Sociology and Political Science ,Work (electrical) ,Scale (social sciences) ,Political science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Cross sectoral ,Development economics ,Development ,Child health ,Child labour ,Key policy - Abstract
Summary Children’s load-carrying has been largely invisible in studies of African economies, being commonly subsumed under women’s or family labor. This paper, based on interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative research in 24 sites, examines the role of child porterage in helping to fill Africa’s transport gap and considers its developmental significance for education, well-being, and health. It provides detailed information regarding the scale, nature, and perceived impacts of children’s load-carrying work in domestic and commercial contexts, indicates the importance of gender and generational analysis, and explores key policy challenges. more...
- Published
- 2012
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