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IntroductionPre-service teachers (PST)' perceived relevance of learning about environmental socioscientific issues (SSI) can be an indicator for their motivation to act as change agents. Until now, science education (research) has often addressed the relevance for learning about SSI insufficiently differentiated regarding spatial and social dimensions. However, theoretical frameworks suggest that such differentiation enhances meaningful teaching and learning. This study investigated how local, national, and global subdimensions of spatial relevance as well as individual, societal, and professional subdimensions of social relevance influence PST' relevance perceptions of learning about SSI. Additionally, we examined how relevance perceptions vary depending on whether the SSI is local or nonlocal to PST. We specifically investigated Indonesian PST' relevance perceptions of learning about oil palm management (OPM), a local SSI for PST of one university and a nonlocal SSI for PST of two other universities.MethodsThe PST participated in a 5-week socioscientific inquiry-based educational unit on OPM in curricular courses (N = 111). We followed a mixed-method approach, employing measurements of utility value. Utility value is a specific construct of perceived relevance, which refers to the usefulness of learning about objects for a person's life, profession, and society. Quantitatively, we conducted pretest-posttest-follow-up surveys on PST' perceived utility value for learning about OPM over time. Qualitatively, we analyzed responses to a utility value reflection task that was integrated into the unit.ResultsOverall, the unit increased PST' utility value over time. Local PST perceived lower utility value for learning about OPM than nonlocal PST. In the task responses, local PST referred more to the local subdimension, whereas nonlocal PST referred more to the national subdimension. Nonlocal PST' societal and professional utility value increased stronger over time compared to local PST.DiscussionWe discuss potential reasons for local PST' lower relevance perceptions, e.g., personal experiences and skepticism through local embeddedness. Our findings on relevance perceptions among local and nonlocal PST underscore the importance of spatial- and social-sensitive SSI education. We point out practical implications for promoting relevance perceptions considering local and nonlocal PST. Moreover, we suggest research directions for more differentiated relevance research in science education.

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite complete control of viral replication with antiretrovirals, cells with integrated HIV-1 provirus can produce viral transcripts. In a cross-sectional study of 84 HIV+ individuals of whom 43 were followed longitudinally, we found that HIV-1 RNAs are present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cerebrospinal fluid and serum of all individuals. We used seven digital droplet polymerase chain reaction assays to evaluate the transcriptional status of the latent reservoir. EV-associated viral RNA was more abundant in the CSF and correlated with neurocognitive dysfunction in both, the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Sequencing studies suggested compartmentalization of defective viral transcripts in the serum and CSF. These findings suggest previous studies have underestimated the viral burden and there is a significant relationship between latent viral transcription and CNS complications of long-term disease despite the adequate use of antiretrovirals.

Insomnia is a condition characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up early despite having the opportunity to sleep. Insomnia can reduce the quality and quantity of sleep, leading to various negative effects on an individual's health and well-being. One of the potential causes of insomnia is excessive smartphone use, which can lead to addiction. Smartphone addiction can affect people of all ages, from children to adults. It has been associated with several adverse effects, including insomnia, recurrent and prolonged headaches, and fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and insomnia among medical students at the University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya. This cross-sectional observational study involved 87 medical students from the 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 cohorts. The sample was selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and the Insomnia Rating Scale (KSPBJ-IRS) through a Google form. The data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test in SPSS version 25. The Chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.005 (

Abstract Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous criteria to recruit PI-ME/CFS participants with matched controls to conduct deep phenotyping. Among the many physical and cognitive complaints, one defining feature of PI-ME/CFS was an alteration of effort preference, rather than physical or central fatigue, due to dysfunction of integrative brain regions potentially associated with central catechol pathway dysregulation, with consequences on autonomic functioning and physical conditioning. Immune profiling suggested chronic antigenic stimulation with increase in naïve and decrease in switched memory B-cells. Alterations in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and metabolic pathways were consistent with cellular phenotypic studies and demonstrated differences according to sex. Together these clinical abnormalities and biomarker differences provide unique insight into the underlying pathophysiology of PI-ME/CFS, which may guide future intervention.

Abstract Background and Objectives Ethanol has been reported to improve tremor severity in approximately two thirds of patients with essential tremor (ET), but the accuracy of that proportion is not certain and the mechanism of action is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate alcohol response on tremor by applying an a priori objective response definition and subsequently to describe the responder rate to a standardized ethanol dose in a cohort of 85 ET patients. A secondary analysis evaluated other tremor and nontremor features, including demographics, tremor intensity, breath alcohol concentration, nontremor effects of alcohol, self‐reported responder status to ethanol, and prior ethanol exposure. Methods This was a prospective, open‐label, single‐dose challenge of oral ethanol during which motor and nonmotor measurements were obtained starting immediately prior to ethanol administration and subsequently every 20 min for 120 min. We defined tremor reduction as a 35% decline in power in the patient's tremor frequency recorded during spiral drawing 60 min after ethanol administration. Results In total, 80% of patients were considered alcohol responsive using our objective definition. Responder status and change in the objective tremor metrics were significantly correlated with the change in breath alcohol concentration levels after ethanol administration, but no other relationships to nontremor metrics were found. Discussion A high percentage of patients actually respond to acute ethanol. However, their self‐reported response does not correlate well with their objective response. Objective response correlates with breath alcohol level but not with sedation, indicating a specific effect of ethanol on tremor.

Background A central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an acute worsening of symptoms after a physical, emotional and/or mental exertion. Dynamic measures of PEM have historically included scaled questionnaires, which have not been validated in ME/CFS. To enhance our understanding of PEM and how best to measure it, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (QIs) at the same intervals as visual analogue scale (VAS) measures after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).Methods Ten ME/CFS and nine healthy volunteers participated in a CPET. For each volunteer, PEM symptom VAS (12 symptoms) and semistructured QIs were administered at six timepoints over 72 hours before and after a single CPET. QI data were used to plot the severity of PEM at each time point and identify the self-described most bothersome symptom for each ME/CFS volunteer. Performance of QI and VAS data was compared with each other using Spearman correlations.Results Each ME/CFS volunteer had a unique PEM experience, with differences noted in the onset, severity, trajectory over time and most bothersome symptom. No healthy volunteers experienced PEM. QI and VAS fatigue data corresponded well an hour prior to exercise (pre-CPET, r=0.7) but poorly at peak PEM (r=0.28) and with the change from pre-CPET to peak (r=0.20). When the most bothersome symptom identified from QIs was used, these correlations improved (r=0.0.77, 0.42. and 0.54, respectively) and reduced the observed VAS scale ceiling effects.Conclusion In this exploratory study, QIs were able to capture changes in PEM severity and symptom quality over time, even when VAS scales failed to do so. Measurement of PEM can be improved by using a quantitative–qualitative mixed model approach.

Seas and inland waters have historically been spaces where social struggles have been overlooked and made invisible. This article offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the Colombian Constitutional Court decisions related to human rights violations in artisanal fishing territories. We used a human rights-based approach to study 79 Constitutional Injunctions (Acciones de Tutela) and built a digital database 'Justice in Fishing Territories' (Justicia en Territorios Pesqueros). We identify and discuss the most frequently claimed and protected rights. Most Court proceedings are centered on participatory processes, indicating that actors within the artisanal fisheries sector are excluded from the discussion and approval of development projects. We conclude that the Colombian State has historically privileged the interests of industrial economic sectors to the detriment of the ways of living, territories, and rights of artisanal fishing populations.

Summary: Background: RYR1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) are caused by pathogenic variants in the RYR1 gene which encodes the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1). RyR1 is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channel that mediates excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. RyR1 sub-conductance, SR calcium leak, reduced RyR1 expression, and oxidative stress often contribute to RYR1-RM pathogenesis. Loss of RyR1-calstabin1 association, SR calcium leak, and increased RyR1 open probability were observed in 17 RYR1-RM patient skeletal muscle biopsies and improved following ex vivo treatment with Rycal compounds. Thus, we initiated a first-in-patient trial of Rycal S48168 (ARM210) in ambulatory adults with genetically confirmed RYR1-RM. Methods: Participants received 120 mg (n = 3) or 200 mg (n = 4) S48168 (ARM210) daily for 29 days. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Exploratory endpoints included S48168 (ARM210) pharmacokinetics (PK), target engagement, motor function measure (MFM)-32, hand grip and pinch strength, timed functional tests, PROMIS fatigue scale, semi-quantitative physical exam strength measurements, and oxidative stress biomarkers. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04141670) and was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center between October 28, 2019 and December 12, 2021. Findings: S48168 (ARM210) was well-tolerated, did not cause any serious adverse events, and exhibited a dose-dependent PK profile. Three of four participants who received the 200 mg/day dose reported improvements in PROMIS-fatigue at 28 days post-dosing, and also demonstrated improved proximal muscle strength on physical examination. Interpretation: S48168 (ARM210) demonstrated favorable safety, tolerability, and PK, in RYR1-RM affected individuals. Most participants who received 200 mg/day S48168 (ARM210) reported decreased fatigue, a key symptom of RYR1-RM. These results set the foundation for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof of concept trial to determine efficacy of S48168 (ARM210) in RYR1-RM. Funding: NINDS and NINR Intramural Research Programs, NIH Clinical Center Bench to Bedside Award (2017-551673), ARMGO Pharma Inc., and its development partner Les Laboratoires Servier.

Background: PPHN of infants are severe cases because the rate of disability and death in infants is relatively high, reaching around 10-20% of cases. Therefore, prompt, accurate, and rational management is needed to reduce cases number of records and deaths. The incidence of PPHN is 2-6 out of 1000 live births; in Surabaya, the incidence was 42 babies per 1000 live births from April to September 2017. Dobutamine is an effective therapy that can support good morbidity and mortality. Therefore, therapeutic options in infants with PPHN in the form of dobutamine are often used. Objective: To determine the effect of dobutamine administration on oxygen saturation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) Method: A cross-sectional design with a consecutive sampling of 50 infants with PPHN who received dobutamine therapy at the Hospital of Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Sepanjang. Data collection using medical records. Results: The average increase in oxygen saturation before and after being given dobutamine was 36.0%. No difference in the increase in oxygen saturation based on the duration of dobutamine administration. The dobutamine dose's effect on the oxygen saturation increase in infants with PPHN. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a significant effect of dobutamine administration on increasing oxygen saturation in PPHN infants.

Los mares y aguas continentales han sido espacios de luchas sociales históricamente invisibilizadas. Este artículo ofrece un análisis interdisciplinario de todas las decisiones de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana relacionadas con violaciones de derechos humanos en la pesca artesanal. Por medio del Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos estudiamos 79 sentencias y construimos una base de datos digital llamada Justicia en Territorios Pesqueros. Identificamos y analizamos los derechos reivindicados con mayor frecuencia. En su mayoría, las decisiones de la Corte indican que el sector de la pesca artesanal no es tenido en cuenta en la aprobación de proyectos de desarrollo. Concluimos que el Estado colombiano privilegia los intereses de los sectores económicos industriales en detrimento de los derechos de las poblaciones pesqueras.

Chickenpox (varicella) is caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a neurotropic alpha herpes virus with a double-stranded DNA genome. Chickenpox can cause life-threatening complications, including subsequent bacterial infections, central nervous system symptoms, and even death without any risk factors. Few studies have been reported to investigate genetic susceptibility implicated in chickenpox. Herein, our study identified global genetic variants that potentially contributed to chickenpox susceptibility by utilizing the established bioinformatic-based approach. We integrated several databases, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog, GTEx portal, HaploReg version 4.1, and Ensembl databases analyses to investigate susceptibility genes associated with chickenpox. Notably, increased expression of HLA-S, HCG4P5, and ABHD16A genes underlie enhanced chickenpox susceptibility in the European, American, and African populations. As compared to the Asian population, Europeans, Americans, and Africans have higher allele frequencies of the extant variants rs9266089, rs10947050, and rs79501286 from the susceptibility genes. Our study suggested that these susceptibility genes and associated genetic variants might play a critical role in chickenpox progression based on host genetics with clinical implications.

Background: Skill learning engages offline activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Sensorimotor cortical activity oscillates between excitatory trough and inhibitory peak phases of the mu (8–12 Hz) rhythm. We recently showed that these mu phases influence the magnitude and direction of neuroplasticity induction within M1. However, the contribution of M1 activity during mu peak and trough phases to human skill learning has not been investigated. Objective: To evaluate the effects of phase-dependent TMS during mu peak and trough phases on offline learning of a newly-acquired motor skill. Methods: On Day 1, three groups of healthy adults practiced an explicit motor sequence learning task with their non-dominant left hand. After practice, phase-dependent TMS was applied to the right M1 during either mu peak or mu trough phases. The third group received sham TMS during random mu phases. On Day 2, all subjects were re-tested on the same task to evaluate offline learning. Results: Subjects who received phase-dependent TMS during mu trough phases showed increased offline skill learning compared to those who received phase-dependent TMS during mu peak phases or sham TMS during random mu phases. Additionally, phase-dependent TMS during mu trough phases elicited stronger whole-brain broadband oscillatory power responses than phase-dependent TMS during mu peak phases. Conclusions: We conclude that sensorimotor mu trough phases reflect brief windows of opportunity during which TMS can strengthen newly-acquired skill memories.

Background: Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) is a condition of the failure to decrease pulmonary artery pressure, so that blood pressure in the lungs remains high, as in a fetus. PPHN cases are 2-6 of 1000 live births and responsible for 10% of confirmed deaths in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Sildenafil is vasodilator that can be used to reduce pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), morbidity, and mortality in PPHN infants. Objective: To analyze the effect of sildenafil on decrease the severity of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in PPHN infants. Method: This is an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The samples were collected using consecutive sampling on 30 PPHN infant patients in 2018. The data were collected from medical records of PPHN infant patients, then assessing the severity value of PASP which obtained from echocardiography result. The severity of PASP is classified into normal (PASP≤35 mmHg), mild (PASP36-45 mmHg), moderate (PASP 45-60 mmHg), and severe (PASP>60 mmHg) Results: This study showed that 27 PPHN infant patients have decreased PASP level to normal, previously from mild 7 infants (23.3%), moderate 16 infants (53.3%), and severe 4 infants (13%), after being given oral sildenafil. There were 1 (3.3%) infant patient remained severes, 1 (3.3%) patient was decreased from severe to moderate, and 1 patient (3.3%) was decreased from severe to mild. The p value

Michaelis et al. used extra-cranial EEG during a forced-choice identification task to investigate the role of the motor system in speech perception. Their findings suggest that left hemisphere dorsal stream motor areas are dynamically engaged during speech perception based on the properties of the stimulus.

Abstract COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has been started in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide and resulting in many cases of death. COVID-19 attacks the respiratory tract acutely and infected both children and adults. The number of cases in children is less than in adults. By seeing from the clinical aspect, the COVID-19 case in children is milder. There are differences in immunology responses in children and adults where children have higher immunology response of COVID-19 than adults. Meanwhile, if the immunology response is slow in adults, it may cause them infected by COVID-19 with severe symptoms. There are some relations between immunization with immunology response to SARS-CoV-2 where children who already have BCG vaccination has lower infection rates of acute respiratory tract case. This study aims to know the difference between COVID-19 cases that infected adults and children seen in various aspects. Keywords : COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2, children, adult, severity, management Correspondence : mohammad_husin@yahoo.com

Abstract Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a condition that occurs due to increased resistance to blood vessels in the lungs that occur persistently after the baby is born. This can be attributed to congenital heart disease such as right-to-left shunts through foramen ovale (PFO) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) due to an error transition fetal blood circulation to the neonate. Although PPHN is always associated with births in post-term babies, PPHN cases are often found in preterm babies. Chances of babies born with PPHN are quite large, at 1.9% per 1000 live births. PPHN can be fatal, causing mortality rates ranging from 4 to 33%. The incidence of preterm births in Indonesia is estimated at 7-14%, around 459,200 - 900,000 babies per year. This study aimed to prove the relationship between premature babies and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (pphn) in Sidoarjo Regional Hospital and to know the characteristics and analyze these variables. This research used crossed sectional studied design; the population was all preterm babies in the NICU at Sidoarjo regional hospital. All samples are from medical records in January-December 2018. There is a significant difference between preterm babies and PPHN (p < 0.05); besides, the results from Spearman's correlation analysis obtained a correlation coefficient (ρ) = 0.485. In the cross-tabulation analysis, the result of the proportion with the highest correlation was Late Preterm babies with severe PPHN of 46.7%. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between premature babies and PPHN in Sidoarjo regional hospital. . Keywords : Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, PPHN, Preterm Babies Correspondence : aisyahhelmadevithalib@gmail.com

Embion Technologies SA is a hard-tech spin-off of the EPFL, with a disruptive and novel platform technology that aims to enable the global transition to zero waste via the circular bioeconomy. Embion's initial focus is on transforming low-value food and agricultural industry byproduct streams to affordable next-generation prebiotics – nutrition for human and animal microbiome. We demonstrate here that the company's proprietary technology is simple and flexible and can be applied to a wide variety of feedstocks to extract tailored products with specific fingerprints. Embion's technology unlocks the natural hidden value of fibers, fats, proteins, minerals, and polyphenols within these byproduct streams to bring different functional food ingredients to the food, feed, and beverage market.

Abstract In this study, we present and compare four grouping algorithms to combine samples from low volume production processes. This increases their sample sizes and enables the application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) to low volume production processes. To develop the grouping algorithms, we define different grouping criteria and a general grouping process. To identify which algorithm is optimal, we deduct following requirements on the algorithms from real production datasets: their ability to handle different amount of characteristics and sample sizes within each characteristic as well as being able to separate characteristics possessing distributions with different spreads and locations. To check the fulfillment of these requirements, we define two performance indices and conduct a full-factorial Design of Experiments. We achieve the performance indices for each algorithm by using simulations with artificial data incorporating the aforementioned requirements. One index rates the achieved group sizes and the other one the compactness within groups and the separation between groups. To validate the applicability of grouping algorithms within SPC, we apply real production data to the grouping algorithms and control charts. The result of this analysis shows that the grouping algorithm based on cluster analysis and splitting exceeds the other algorithms. In conclusion, the grouping algorithms enable the application of SPC to small sample sizes. This provides companies, which produce in low volumes, with new means of reducing scrap, generating process knowledge and increasing quality.

Abstract Background Only a few small studies have previously reported episodes of hypoglycemia in children with neuromuscular diseases; however, there has been no broader investigation into the occurrence of hypoglycemia in children with congenital muscle disease (CMD). Methods Pediatric patients enrolled in the CMD International Registry (CMDIR) with a history of hypoglycemia were included in this retrospective review. Hypoglycemic episodes and associated clinical and biochemical characteristics were characterized. Results Ten patients with CMD (5 with LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy) reported at least one episode of hypoglycemia beginning at an average age of 3.5 years. Predominant symptoms included altered mental status and nausea/vomiting, and laboratory studies demonstrated metabolic acidosis and ketonuria, consistent with ketotic hypoglycemia. Conclusion Patients with CMD may have an increased risk of hypoglycemia during fasting, illness, or stress due to their relatively low muscle mass and hence, paucity of gluconeogenic substrate. Clinicians should therefore maintain a high index of suspicion for hypoglycemia in this high-risk patient population and caregivers should routinely be trained to recognize and treat hypoglycemia.

ABSTRACT Cholestasis jaundice results from diminished bile flow and/or excretion, and caused by a number of disorders such as biliary atresia (BA). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is widely accepted as one of the modalities for biliary system imaging; however, liver biopsy still generally used for BA diagnosis, especially in developing countries. This aim study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of biliary atresia from MRCP compared to the result of a liver biopsy. A cross-sectional for diagnostic study documented of hospitalized patients from June 2014 to June 2015. All patients had MRCP and liver biopsy examination. The collection of data including age, gender, clinical manifestation and the result of MRCP and liver biopsy with ROC to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity was done. Liver biopsy revealed of biliary atresia was made based on proliferation, degeneration, and fibrosis of bile ducts. ROC to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity was done. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value of MRCP in diagnosing BA were calculated. There were 16 patients enrolled in this study with a median age of diagnosis was 6 months old (range 3-11). There were nine female patients out of the 16 patient. The median age of jaundice onset was 5 days (range 2-14 days). All patients had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Histopathology from liver biopsy revealed biliary atresia in 12 patients. From the ROC curve, the sensitivity of MRCP was 87.5% and specificity 62.5% with PPV 70% and NPV 80%. Five patients underwent a Kasai procedure and revealed biliary atresia. MRCP is sensitive but not specific for diagnosing BA, and MRCP has moderate sensitivity and specificity for BA diagnosis. Keyword: biliary atresia, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, liver biopsy, diagnostic test. Correspondence: geendjk@gmail.com ABSTRAK Ikterus dikarenakan kolestasis terjadi akibat berkurangnya aliran empedu dan/ atau ekskresi, dan dapat disebabkan oleh sejumlah gangguan seperti atresia biliaris (BA). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) secara luas diterima sebagai salah satu modalitas untuk pencitraan sistem empedu, namun biopsi hati masih secara umum digunakan untuk diagnosis BA, terutama di negara berkembang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nilai diagnostik atresia biliaris dari MRCP ke hasil biopsi hati. Sebuah cross sectional untuk studi diagnostik didokumentasikan pasien rawat inap dari Juni 2014 hingga Juni 2015. Semua pasien menjalani MRCP dan pemeriksaan biopsi hati. Data usia, jenis kelamin, manifestasi klinis dan hasil MRCP dan biopsi hati dengan ROC untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dilakukan. Biopsi hati mengungkapkan atresia biliar dibuat berdasarkan proliferasi, degenerasi dan fibrosis saluran empedu. ROC untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang dilakukan. Dilakukan perhitungan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediktif negatif, nilai prediksi positif MRCP dalam mendiagnosis BA. Terdapat 16 pasien yang terdaftar dalam penelitian ini dengan median usia diagnosis adalah 6 (kisaran 3-11) bulan. Terdapat 9 perempuan dari 16 pasien tersebut. Usia rata-rata onset penyakit kuning adalah 5 (kisaran 2-14) hari. Semua pasien mengalami hepatomegali dan splenomegali. Histopatologi dari biopsi hati mengungkapkan atresia bilier pada 12 dari 16 pasien. Dari kurva ROC, sensitivitas MRCP adalah 87,5% dan spesifisitas 62,5% dengan PPV 70% dan NPV 80%. Lima pasien menjalani prosedur Kasai dan mengungkapkan atresia bilier. MRCP sensitif namun tidak spesifik untuk mendiagnosis BA dan MRCP memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sedang untuk diagnosis BA. Kata kunci: biliary atresia, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, liver biopsy, diagnostic test. Korespondensi: geendjk@gmail.com

Childhood asthma represents a heterogeneous disease resulting from the interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures. Currently, finding reliable biomarkers is necessary for the clinical management of childhood asthma. However, only a few biomarkers are being used in clinical practice in the pediatric population. In the long run, new biomarkers for asthma in children are required and would help direct therapy approaches. This study aims to identify potential childhood asthma biomarkers using a genetic-driven biomarkers approach. Herein, childhood asthma-associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized from the GWAS database to drive and facilitate the biomarker of childhood asthma. We uncovered 466 childhood asthma-associated loci by extending to proximal SNPs based on r2 > 0.8 in Asian populations and utilizing HaploReg version 4.1 to determine 393 childhood asthma risk genes. Next, the functional roles of these genes were subsequently investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. MCODE and CytoHubba are two Cytoscape plugins utilized to find biomarker genes from functional networks created using childhood asthma risk genes. Intriguingly, 10 hub genes (IL6, IL4, IL2, IL13, PTPRC, IL5, IL33, TBX21, IL2RA, and STAT6) were successfully identified and may have been identified to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Among 10 hub genes, we strongly suggest IL6 and IL4 as prospective childhood asthma biomarkers since both of these biomarkers achieved a high systemic score in Cytohubba’s MCC algorithm. In summary, this study offers a valuable genetic-driven biomarker approach to facilitate the potential biomarkers for asthma in children.

Rod and cone pathways are segregated in the first stage of the retina: cones synapse with both ON- and OFF-cone bipolar cells while rods contact only rod bipolar cells. However, there is an exception to this specific wiring in that rods also contact certain OFF cone bipolar cells, providing a tertiary rod pathway. Recently, it has been proposed that there is even more crossover between rod and cone pathways. Physiological recordings suggested that rod bipolar cells receive input from cones, and ON cone bipolar cells can receive input from rods, in addition to the established pathways. To image their rod and cone contacts, we have dye-filled individual rod bipolar cells in the rabbit retina. We report that approximately half the rod bipolar cells receive one or two cone contacts. Dye-filling AII amacrine cells, combined with subtractive labeling, revealed most of the ON cone bipolar cells to which they were coupled, including the occasional blue cone bipolar cell, identified by its contacts with blue cones. Imaging the AII-coupled ON cone bipolar dendrites in this way showed that they contact cones exclusively. We conclude that there is some limited cone input to rod bipolar cells, but we could find no evidence for rod contacts with ON cone bipolar cells. The tertiary rod OFF pathway operates via direct contacts between rods and OFF cone bipolar cells. In contrast, our results do not support the presence of a tertiary rod ON pathway in the rabbit retina.

There are various ways to reduce poverty, one through the distribution of zakat funds for economic empowerment of the poor. The distribution of zakat funds require Institute Amil Zakat (LAZ) are professional and focus on the allocation of zakat funds to productive sectors. By based on financial inclusion, LAZ has function as mediator between the one who gave zakat funds (muzzaki) with the one who received zakat funds (mustahik) hopefully can be an institution which increase productivity of mustahikAnalythic-method descriptive and comparation are used to seen the efeciency of funds management model which come from zakat to poor people by microfinance institution by applied local culture approach as basis connection between microfinance and their client. Survey of field did based on purposive smpling to the amount of microfinance which based on akat, infaq, and shodaqoh (LAZ) were ini Bandung city such as LAZ Rumah Amal Salman and DPU Daarut Tauhid. As a basic for assessment the efectivity channelization microfinance service by use result chain methods that can described the achievement of success through input – output – outcome stages.The result of research showed that local culture has big influence against the achievement from these two microfinance. Coaching and mentoring activities provision values of akhlak became local cultural traits in LAZ Rumah Amal Salman ITB, able to creates independent mustahik and has akhlakul karimah. Meanwhile, in DPU Daarut Tauhid adaptation with local culture made trhough facilitation and business choacing to all mustahik has increase their confidence at beginner stemming from poor society groups. In addition, DPU Daarut Tauhid also do review an evaluation to all mustahik to control mustahik hearts leverage the capital that has given, so that the program can realize the aim to produce zakat productive.Keywords: Institute Amil Zakat, Local Culture, Zakat Produktif

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207006.].

Falls are an important concern for individuals living with HIV (HIV+). The purpose of this study was to understand perceptions of HIV+ individuals who had fallen regarding what caused their falls, prevention strategies that they used, and the impact of falls on their lives. Qualitative Description was the approach best suited to our study. We conducted in-depth interviews with 21 HIV+ individuals aged 47 to 71 years who had fallen within the past two years and who received care in a primary care/HIV clinic. Participants identified causes of falls as intrinsic (HIV, opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, substance use, polypharmacy) or extrinsic (icy sidewalks, wet floors). Among those who felt that their falls could be prevented, prevention strategies included physical therapy and avoiding extrinsic fall risk factors. Some participants, however, felt that their falls could not be prevented. While some participants responded adaptively to falls, for many, the experience of falling was connected with deep feelings of loss and suffering. For these individuals, falls were understood to be "the beginning of the end" and a source of social isolation, changing family roles, diminished sense of self, and stigma.

Trata-se de estudo descritivo que teve como objetivo identificar a formação e as ações do enfermeiro em Saúde Mental (SM), no PSF. A amostra foi constituída por 134 enfermeiros atuantes no PSF de Teresina - PI. Os resultados mostram que 95,5% não possuem formação específica em SM. Dos entrevistados, 97% referem que existem pacientes, em sua área de atuação, que necessitam deste tipo de atendimento. As ações referidas foram visitas domiciliares (60%), consultas (27,7%), encaminhamentos (21,5%), entrega de medicação (15,4%), sem atividade (14,6%), atendimento ambulatorial (7,7%), terapia comunitária (5,4%) e levantamento de casos (0,8%). Medidas/estratégias de políticas públicas voltadas a esta área devem ser rediscutidas e operacionalizadas para (re)direcionar caminhos à reforma nas ações e nos serviços de SM.Se trata de estudio descriptivo que tuvo como objetivo identificar la formación y las acciones del enfermero en Salud Mental (SM), en el Programa de salud de la família. La muestra fue constituida por 134 enfermeros actuantes en el Programa de salud de la família de Teresina - PI. Los resultados muestran que 95,5% no poseen formación específica en SM. De los entrevistados 97% refieren que existen pacientes, en su área de actuación, que necesitan este tipo de servicio. Las acciones referidas fueron visitas domiciliar (60%), consultas (27,7%), encaminamientos (21,5%), entrega de medicación (15,4%), sin actividad (14,6%), servicio ambulatorio (7,7%), terapia comunitaria (5,4%) y levantamiento de casos (0,8%). Medidas/estrategias de políticas públicas dirigidas a esta área deben ser rediscutidas y operacionalizadas, para orientarr caminos hacia la reforma de las acciones y de los servicios de SM.A descriptive study whose objective was to identify the education and actions of the nurse in Mental Health (MH), in the Family Health Program. The sample consisted of 134 acting nurses at the Family Health Program in Teresina, Piauí. The results show that 95.5% don't have the specified education in MH. Of those interviewed, 97% state that there are patients, in their assigned areas, that need this type of care. The referenced actions were home visits (60%) appointments (27.7%), referrals (21.5%), medication delivery (15.4%), inactivity (14.6%), ambulatory service (7.7%), community therapy (5.4%) and casework (0.8%). Methods and strategies of public policies related to this area should be revisited and instituted in order to (re)direct ways of reform in the actions and services of mental health.