88 results on '"Giménez-García, C."'
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2. Cognitive processes related to problematic pornography use (PPU): A systematic review of experimental studies
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Castro-Calvo, J., Cervigón-Carrasco, V., Ballester-Arnal, R., and Giménez-García, C.
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- 2021
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3. Psychiatric comorbidity in compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)
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Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B., and Gil-Llario, M.D.
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- 2020
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4. Fundamental frequency of the female's voice: A cross-country empirical study on its influence on social and sexual selection
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Cussigh, G., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M.D., Giménez-García, C., and Castro-Calvo, J.
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- 2020
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5. Validation of the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire: A Brief Self-Report Instrument to Assess Risk of HIV Infection and Guide Behavioral Change
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Gil-Llario, M. D., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Morell-Mengual, V., Giménez-García, C., and Ballester-Arnal, R.
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- 2019
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6. Motives to Engage in Online Sexual Activities and Their Links to Excessive and Problematic Use: a Systematic Review
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Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M. D., and Ballester-Arnal, R.
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- 2018
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7. HIV Prevention Interventions for Young Male Commercial Sex Workers
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Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M. D., Salmeron-Sánchez, P., and Giménez-García, C.
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- 2014
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8. Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples
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Castro-Calvo, J., primary, Gil-Llario, M. D., additional, Giménez-García, C., additional, Gil-Juliá, B., additional, and Ballester-Arnal, R., additional
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- 2020
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9. Mitos del amor romántico y autoestima en adolescentes
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Bisquert-Bover, M., primary, Giménez-García, C., additional, Gil-Juliá, B., additional, Martínez-Gómez, N., additional, and Gil-Llario, M. D., additional
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- 2019
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10. Validación de un instrumento de evaluación del comportamiento sexual de personas con discapacidad intelectual para padres (ECS-PA)
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Gil-Llario, M. D., primary, Elipe-Miravet, M., additional, Giménez-García, C., additional, Bisquert-Bover, M., additional, and Castro-Calvo, J., additional
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- 2019
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11. Discriminación LGTBI en las aulas
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Martínez Gómez, Naira, primary, Giménez García, C., additional, Enrique Nebot, J., additional, Elipe Miravet, M., additional, and Ballester Arnal, R., additional
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- 2019
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12. Adicción a la pornografía: interferencia atencional y gravedad del consumo
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Cervigón Carrasco, V., primary, Castro Calvo, J., additional, Gil- Juliá, B., additional, Giménez García, C., additional, and Ballester Arnal, R., additional
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- 2019
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13. ¿Para quién funciona la prevención del VIH? Análisis de una intervención según factores predisponentes del individuo
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Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M.D., Castro-Calvo, J., and Gil-Julia, B.
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Factores predisponentes ,Eficacia intervención ,Prevención VIH - Abstract
Introducción: Las estrategias comportamentales basadas en modelos socio-cognitivos han mostrado una eficacia diferencial en la prevención del VIH-Sida. Si bien para mejorar su eficacia, se ha hecho hincapié en el desmantelamiento de sus componentes y en su adaptación al contexto, las variables predisponentes del individuo han sido desatendidas aun mostrado un papel relevante para la realización de conductas de riesgo. Por eso, se busca analizar el impacto de una intervención preventiva del VIH en jóvenes, según distintas variables. Material y método: En el estudio, 225 jóvenes (rango edad: 18 a 25 años, distribución sexo: 74% mujeres y 26% hombres) formaron parte de un programa multicomponente de intervención para la prevención del VIH-Sida. Todos cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida (Ballester y cols., 2007), previa y posteriormente a la intervención (postest y seguimiento al mes). Las variables independientes fueron: nivel de conocimiento, actitud hacia el preservativo, actitud hacia el VIH y autoeficacia. La variable dependiente fue la realización de sexo seguro en la práctica de coito vaginal, coito anal y la práctica sexual tras consumir drogas. Resultados: El programa ha sido eficaz para todos los grupos. Sin embargo, aquellas personas que presentaban mejores actitudes hacia el preservativo y percibían con mayor probabilidad la exposición al VIH, muestran mejoras más estables que aquellos que mostraban peores actitudes hacia el preservativo en los que se observa un descenso del sexo seguro a medio plazo. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos confirman la eficacia de las intervenciones para la prevención sexual del VIH-Sida en población joven. No obstante, para el diseño de futuras intervenciones, cabría matizar el papel diferencial que algunas variables actitudinales pueden jugar en la eficacia de las mismas a medio y largo plazo. De esta forma, se optimizarían los resultados de las mismas.
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- 2017
14. Género y prevención de VIH: evaluación de una intervención entre pares para chicos y chicas
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Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Julia, B., and Castro-Calvo, J.
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Prevención ,Género ,Educación entre pares ,VIH-Sida - Abstract
Introducción: La epidemia del VIH-Sida continúa siendo un problema de salud pública entre los jóvenes, un colectivo que presenta similitudes pero que, según el género, también ha mostrado diferencias. Estas diferencias no siempre se han considerado en la evaluación de las intervenciones, más si cabe cuando éstas han sido desarrolladas por pares. El objetivo del presente trabajo busca evaluar la eficacia diferencial, entre chicos y chicas, de un programa inter-pares para la prevención del VIH. Material y método: Ciento catorce estudiantes universitarios (29% de mujeres y 71% de hombres), con edades entre 18 y 25 años, participaron en una intervención breve para la prevención del VIH facilitada por un par. Para evaluar su eficacia, se administró el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida (Ballester y cols., 2007), previa y posteriormente a la intervención (postest y seguimiento al mes). Las variables analizadas fueron: información sobre el VIH, actitudes hacia el preservativo, percepción de riesgo de infectarse por VIH y realización de sexo seguro tras consumir sustancias. Resultados: La intervención breve ha mostrado ser eficaz tanto para chicos como para chicas en cuanto a la mejora de información, la confianza en el preservativo y la práctica de sexo seguro tras el consumo de drogas. No obstante, a medio plazo, las mejoras parecen ser algo más estables entre las mujeres. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos corroboran aquellos estudios que defienden la eficacia de los pares como agentes de prevención en el ámbito del VIH-Sida. Más todavía, demuestran que dicha eficacia se muestra tanto en chicos como en chicas, grupos que pese a sus diferencias podrían beneficiarse de esta estrategia. En cualquier caso, para el diseño de nuevas intervenciones cabría prestar especial atención al mantenimiento de la conducta preventiva, particularmente, en chicos.
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- 2017
15. Validation of the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire: A Brief Self-Report Instrument to Assess Risk of HIV Infection and Guide Behavioral Change
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Gil-Llario, M. D., primary, Ruiz-Palomino, E., additional, Morell-Mengual, V., additional, Giménez-García, C., additional, and Ballester-Arnal, R., additional
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- 2018
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16. Comportamiento sexual online en adultos mayores
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Castro-Calvo, J, primary, Ballester-Arnal, R, additional, Giménez-García, C, additional, and Gil-Juliá, B, additional
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- 2018
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17. Innovación educativa para la promoción de la salud: Una experiencia transversal en el contexto universitario
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Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Gil-Julia, B., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., and Gil-Julia, B.
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Introducción: La promoción de la salud requiere una formación actitudinal que mejore competencias en las personas. Para ello, resulta necesario construir pro-gramas desde un enfoque constructivista que permita la consolidación de estilos de vida positivos. El entorno universitario, supone un espacio de aprendizaje en el que también se adquieren habilidades para la vida. Este trabajo presenta la experiencia de un grupo de innovación educativa dirigido a incorporar la educación para la salud en el currículum universitario. Material y método: El “Grupo de Innovación Educativa de Psicología Clínica de la Salud”, se propone crear un espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje que, de modo transversal y continuo, mejore las competencias en salud del alumnado. Para ello, se desarrolla un programa de actividades (formales y no formales) que aborda ámbitos como la salud sexual, la alimentación saludable o la actividad física. La experiencia se evalúa a través del impacto de las experiencias ejecutadas. Resultados: Además de las asignaturas del ámbito se ha colaborado con otras titulaciones, como Ciencias de la Comunicación o Ingeniería Técnica en Diseño Industrial, para incorporar la salud de manera transversal. En ambos casos, se han mejorado las competencias del estudiantado. Asimismo, se han creado espacios no formales desde los que, con metodologías participativas, se han mejorado cono-cimientos y habilidades de los estudiantes. A través de proyectos de innovación educativa (ref. 3137/3302), se ha comprobado la eficacia de algunas metodologías para la mejora de competencias destinadas al cuidado de la salud. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia muestra la relevancia que el enfoque transversal puede tener para la promoción de la salud de la comunidad universitaria. Tanto el análisis de las necesidades, como la interdisciplinariedad y el enfoque participativo, han sido relevantes para su éxito. Una iniciativa que, en última instancia, suma esfuerzos para hacer de la Universidad un entorno
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- 2017
18. Una experiencia de educación inter-pares, entre jóvenes universitarios, para la prevención del VIH-Sida
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Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M.D., Gil-Julia, B., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M.D., Gil-Julia, B., and Castro-Calvo, J.
- Abstract
Introducción: La educación inter-pares ha mostrado ser eficaz en la prevención de riesgos y la promoción de la salud. Esta estrategia es más importante, si cabe, en aquellos ámbitos de la salud teñidos de estigma como podría ser la sexualidad y entre la población que aun configura sus hábitos, los jóvenes. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una experiencia de educación inter-pares para la prevención del VIH en un contexto universitario. Material y método: El programa de Salusex-Unisexsida (centro que combina inter-vención aplicada e investigación en materia de sexualidad en la Universitat Jaume I y la Universitat de València) ha incluido una estrategia de intervención de educación inter-pares con el interés de conocer su eficacia. En dicho programa, participaron 5 estudiantes de Psicología que, una vez formados y entrenados, desarrollaron un programa de prevención dirigido a la comunidad universitaria. Para valorar la experiencia, se ha tenido en cuenta una perspectiva cualitativa tanto en el caso de los estudiantes pares como en el de los receptores de sus intervenciones. Se han incluido criterios como el nivel de aprendizaje, la satisfacción, la motivación y la propia conducta preventiva. Resultados: Los participantes del programa han mejorado sus conocimientos sobre el tema, además de sus hábitos sexuales, aumentando su implicación, competencias y motivación por el trabajo desarrollado. De igual forma, las intervenciones preventivas realizadas han mejorado los conocimientos, actitudes e intenciones de conducta de las personas participantes. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia ha mostrado la eficacia de la educación inter-pares en contextos universitarios, dentro del ámbito del VIH-Sida. Componentes como la atención individualizada, el seguimiento o la inclusión en un plan formativo integral han sido cruciales para dicho resultado. Así pues, dado los bajos costes que genera y los resultados obtenidos, parece imprescindible incluirla en los programas de prevención
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- 2017
19. Do parents and teachers agree on the evaluation of the affective - sexual needs in adolescents with ASD?
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Gil-Llario, María Dolores, Giménez-García, C., Díaz-Rodríguez, Irene, and Morell-Mengual, Vicente
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Intellectual disabilities ,Parents ,Educación afectivo-sexual ,Padres ,Affective sexual education ,Profesores ,Teachers ,Adolescents ,Adolescentes ,Discapacidad intelectual - Abstract
Los adolescentes con TEA añaden a las necesidades de educación afectivo sexual que tiene cualquier adolescente, las derivadas de sus déficits a la hora de identificar e interpretar la información de tipo social. Debido a las dificultades que se generan, tanto padres como profesores manifiestan su preocupación. La cuestión es si ambos agentes educativos identifican las mismas necesidades o por el contrario no coinciden en su percepción de las dimensiones del problema. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la percepción que padres y profesores tienen sobre las necesidades en cuanto a educación afectiva-sexual de los adolescentes. Para ello, cumplimentaron por separado la Escala de Comportamiento Sexual de Adolescentes con TEA los padres y profesores de 10 estudiantes de entre 13 y 17 años que asisten al aula de comunicación y lenguaje (CyL) de un instituto de secundaria. Padres y profesores coinciden en que la educación sexual beneficiaría a los adolescentes ya que carecen de conocimientos adecuados pero sobre todo coinciden en la valoración de su comportamiento social (.770*). Difieren significativamente, sin embargo, en dos cuestiones: la valoración que ambos hacen del comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes (t= -2.18; p= .044) puntuando los profesores (M= 7.6, DT= 5.4) muy por encima de los padres (M= 3; DT= 2.5), así como en la preocupación por la sexualidad de los adolescentes (t= -2.12; p= .049) mostrando los padres mayor preocupación que los profesores (Mpadres= 6; DT= 1.9; Mprofesores= 3.4; DT= 2.9). Es decir, aunque ambos coinciden en la valoración de sus déficits sociales, los profesores ven más comportamientos sexuales que los padres aunque éstos viven la situación de forma más ansiosa. Por tanto, los programas de intervención deben atender a estos resultados proporcionando a los padres una visión más cercana de la sexualidad de sus hijos tranquilizándolos al mismo tiempo. Adolescents with ASD increase to the needs of affective sexual education than any adolescent has, those derived from their deficits to identify and interpret social information. Due to the problems caused, parents and teachers report their concern. The question is whether both educators identified the same needs or they do not agree on the dimensions of the problem. This study aims to compare the perception that parents and teachers have about the affective -sexual education needs of adolescents. For this purpose, the Scale of Sexual Behavior for Adolescents with ASD was filled, separately, by parents and teachers of 10 students, aged 13 to 17, who attend the language and communication class (L&C) at high school. Parents and teachers agree that sex education would benefit adolescents because their lack of knowledge, although they mainly agree on the evaluation of their social behavior (.770*). However, they significantly differ on two aspects: their estimation of adolescents’ sexual behavior (t = -2.18 ; p≤.044) exceeding teachers ( M = 7.6, SD = 5.4) the scores of parents (M = 3 , SD = 2.5), as well as their concern about adolescents’ sexuality (t = -2.12 ; p≤.049 ) exceeding parents the scores of teachers ( Mparents = 6 , SD = 1.9 ; Mteachers = 3.4 , SD = 2.9). That is, even if both of them agree on their social deficits’ evaluation, teachers perceived more sexual behaviors than parents did. However, the last ones are more anxious for this situation. Therefore, intervention programs must focus on these results providing parents a realer perspective of their adolescent’s sexuality, as well as a supportive view.
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- 2016
20. Teaching innovation in sexual education training: implementation in a psychology degree course
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Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., and Gil-Julià, B.
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Psicología de la salud ,Health psychology ,Sexual education ,Educación sexual ,Teaching innovation ,Formación universitaria ,Academic training ,Innovación docente - Abstract
Tal como reconoce la declaración de objetivos sexuales del milenio, la mejora de la atención a la salud sexual pasa por la formación de los profesionales que se deben encargar de su cuidado. Así, esta declaración establece: “Los programas de formación para trabajadores de la salud deben incluir […] la capacitación en disfunción sexual, trastornos y problemas de género” (Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2009). En el grado en psicología de la Universitat Jaume I, el papel del psicólogo en el ámbito de la intervención sexual se aborda en la asignatura de <>. Esta asignatura, obligatoria desde la introducción de los planes de estudio de grado a partir del plan Bolonia, garantiza que los psicólogos graduados en esta universidad reciban una mínima formación en este ámbito. Recientemente, los docentes de la asignatura hemos desarrollado un proyecto de innovación para mejorar la formación práctica de los alumnos en el campo de la intervención ante problemas sexuales. Este proyecto se fundamenta en el modelado y el aprendizaje crítico a través de recursos innovadores. Así, se desarrollaron videograbaciones en las que dos alumnos (uno en rol de paciente y otro de terapeuta) simulaban una situación de terapia. Al terapeuta se le instó a cometer errores, que sirvieron para el análisis durante su proyección en las clases prácticas de la asignatura. Esto se acompañaba de actividades de autoevaluación a través de aplicaciones virtuales. Mediante el uso de metodologías docentes innovadoras, la motivación hacia la asignatura así como la aplicación práctica de los contenidos teóricos ha mejorado significativamente. Esta experiencia de innovación ha permitido enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la intervención en sexualidad, lo que redundará en una mejor atención clínica cuando estos futuros profesionales emprendan su actividad laboral. The Sexual Health for the Millennium declaration recognizes the need to improve the academic training of those professionals who will be responsible for their care. Specifically, this declaration proposes that: “Academic training programs for health professionals must include […] education in sexual dysfunction, disorders and gender problems” (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In the psychology degree of Jaume I University, the role of psychologist in the field of sexual disorders treatment is addressed at the <> subject. This subject, mandatory since the approval of degree studies, guarantees that psychologists licensed at this university have a minimum training in this field. Recently, professors from this subject have developed a teaching innovation project in order to improve students training in the field of sexual intervention and treatment. This project is based on the principles and practices of the observational learning model and the critic learning theory and assisted through the use of innovative educational resources. Two students (one in the therapist role and the other in the patient role) were recorded simulating a real therapy situation. The student in the therapist role was encouraged to make errors intentionally; these errors were then employed in an exercise of critique analysis during their projection on class. Furthermore, we did self-assessment activities through a virtual platform. The use of innovative teaching methodologies has increased students motivation toward the subject as well as the applicability of theoretical contents. This innovation experience has improved the teaching-learning process and the training of future sexual health professionals. As a consequence, the performance of these future professionals in sexual health attention will be increased. Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Educativa “Aprenentatge significatiu: disseny de materials multimèdia per a desenvolupar competències en Psicologia clínica de la salut”, financiado por la Unitat de Suport Educatiu de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (proyecto 3137/15).
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- 2016
21. Salusexsida: a sexual-affective experience of education at university
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Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., and Castro-Calvo, Jesús
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Educación transversal ,Universidad ,University ,Educación afectivo-sexual ,Cross curricular-subjects ,Educación de pares ,Peer education ,Affective-sexual education - Abstract
La educación afectivo-sexual de la población joven requiere la inclusión de variables actitudinales que comprendan, además de conocimientos, aquellas valoraciones, afectos y habilidades que posibilitan el desarrollo de una salud sexual integral. Para ello resulta necesario que el espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se integre en distintos contextos formativos, a partir de un marco de participación activa que posibilite desarrollar un aprendizaje comprehensivo. De esta forma, se facilita la generalización de lo aprendido a los contextos cotidianos y su incorporación a los estilos de vida. En este marco, la Unidad de Investigación sobre Sexualidad y Sida (Salusex-Unisexsida) de la Universitat Jaume I contempla, entre sus líneas de trabajo, un programa educativo que persigue mejorar la formación en el ámbito de la sexualidad humana entre los jóvenes. Una parte del programa introduce el ámbito de la sexualidad, de manera transversal, en asignaturas incluidas en el pensum académico formal. Por ejemplo, incorporando en la asignatura de Lenguaje Publicitario, la realización de campañas preventivas de riesgos asociados a la sexualidad. Otra parte, se centra en crear espacios de educación no formal (en grupos reducidos o en foros abiertos) en los que a través de dinámicas participativas y creativas, fomentan actitudes y habilidades saludables. Por ejemplo, exposiciones gráficas, teatro en la calle o concursos de relatos. Además, dada la eficacia que la educación entre pares ha demostrado, se integra la participación activa de jóvenes formados como agentes de salud que contribuyen a aumentar su eficacia. Como resultado, el programa ha posibilitado que más de 5000 jóvenes se involucren en las actividades, mejorando sus conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades, lo que redunda en su salud sexual. Así pues, parece evidente la necesidad de crear y fortalecer espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario para mejorar la salud sexual de los jóvenes. The affective-sexual education for Young people should contain attitudinal variables that included information, as well as those valuations, emotions and skills related to a global sexual health. For this, the teaching and learning space should be involved in different educational contexts, based on an active participation to develop a comprehensive learning. In this way, people would generalize their learning to daily contexts and lifestyles. In this context, the Unit of sexual health and HIV-AIDS (Salusex-Unisexsida) prevention belongs to Universitat Jaume I (Castellón) includes, in its work strategy, a learning program to improve the training of human sexuality among young people. One part of this program includes the sexual field in cross curricular-subjects. For example, we have incorporated in the subject of Language of Advertisement, the development of preventive campaigns to prevent sexual risks. Another part of this program is focused on creating non-formal education spaces (in small groups or opened forum) with participative and creative techniques to promote healthy attitudes and skills. For example, exhibitions, street performance or tale competitions. Moreover, because the effectiveness of peer education, we have included an active participation of young people. They have been trained as health agents, increasing the effectiveness. As a result, more than 5000 young people have took part in our activities, improving their knowledge, attitudes and skills that result in their sexual health. Therefore, in order to improve the sexual health of young people, we should create and strengthen teaching and learning spaces in the university context.
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- 2016
22. ¿Coinciden padres y profesores en la valoración de las necesidades afectivo-sexuales de los adolescentes con TEA?
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Gil-Llario, María Dolores, Giménez-García, C., Díaz-Rodríguez, Irene, Morell-Mengual, Vicente, Gil-Llario, María Dolores, Giménez-García, C., Díaz-Rodríguez, Irene, and Morell-Mengual, Vicente
- Abstract
Los adolescentes con TEA añaden a las necesidades de educación afectivo sexual que tiene cualquier adolescente, las derivadas de sus déficits a la hora de identificar e interpretar la información de tipo social. Debido a las dificultades que se generan, tanto padres como profesores manifiestan su preocupación. La cuestión es si ambos agentes educativos identifican las mismas necesidades o por el contrario no coinciden en su percepción de las dimensiones del problema. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la percepción que padres y profesores tienen sobre las necesidades en cuanto a educación afectiva-sexual de los adolescentes. Para ello, cumplimentaron por separado la Escala de Comportamiento Sexual de Adolescentes con TEA los padres y profesores de 10 estudiantes de entre 13 y 17 años que asisten al aula de comunicación y lenguaje (CyL) de un instituto de secundaria. Padres y profesores coinciden en que la educación sexual beneficiaría a los adolescentes ya que carecen de conocimientos adecuados pero sobre todo coinciden en la valoración de su comportamiento social (.770*). Difieren significativamente, sin embargo, en dos cuestiones: la valoración que ambos hacen del comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes (t= -2.18; p= .044) puntuando los profesores (M= 7.6, DT= 5.4) muy por encima de los padres (M= 3; DT= 2.5), así como en la preocupación por la sexualidad de los adolescentes (t= -2.12; p= .049) mostrando los padres mayor preocupación que los profesores (Mpadres= 6; DT= 1.9; Mprofesores= 3.4; DT= 2.9). Es decir, aunque ambos coinciden en la valoración de sus déficits sociales, los profesores ven más comportamientos sexuales que los padres aunque éstos viven la situación de forma más ansiosa. Por tanto, los programas de intervención deben atender a estos resultados proporcionando a los padres una visión más cercana de la sexualidad de sus hijos tranquilizándolos al mismo tiempo., Adolescents with ASD increase to the needs of affective sexual education than any adolescent has, those derived from their deficits to identify and interpret social information. Due to the problems caused, parents and teachers report their concern. The question is whether both educators identified the same needs or they do not agree on the dimensions of the problem. This study aims to compare the perception that parents and teachers have about the affective -sexual education needs of adolescents. For this purpose, the Scale of Sexual Behavior for Adolescents with ASD was filled, separately, by parents and teachers of 10 students, aged 13 to 17, who attend the language and communication class (L&C) at high school. Parents and teachers agree that sex education would benefit adolescents because their lack of knowledge, although they mainly agree on the evaluation of their social behavior (.770*). However, they significantly differ on two aspects: their estimation of adolescents’ sexual behavior (t = -2.18 ; p≤.044) exceeding teachers ( M = 7.6, SD = 5.4) the scores of parents (M = 3 , SD = 2.5), as well as their concern about adolescents’ sexuality (t = -2.12 ; p≤.049 ) exceeding parents the scores of teachers ( Mparents = 6 , SD = 1.9 ; Mteachers = 3.4 , SD = 2.9). That is, even if both of them agree on their social deficits’ evaluation, teachers perceived more sexual behaviors than parents did. However, the last ones are more anxious for this situation. Therefore, intervention programs must focus on these results providing parents a realer perspective of their adolescent’s sexuality, as well as a supportive view.
- Published
- 2016
23. Innovación docente en la formación en salud sexual: aplicación a una asignatura del grado en psicología
- Author
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Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Julià, B., Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., and Gil-Julià, B.
- Abstract
Tal como reconoce la declaración de objetivos sexuales del milenio, la mejora de la atención a la salud sexual pasa por la formación de los profesionales que se deben encargar de su cuidado. Así, esta declaración establece: “Los programas de formación para trabajadores de la salud deben incluir […] la capacitación en disfunción sexual, trastornos y problemas de género” (Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2009). En el grado en psicología de la Universitat Jaume I, el papel del psicólogo en el ámbito de la intervención sexual se aborda en la asignatura de <
>. Esta asignatura, obligatoria desde la introducción de los planes de estudio de grado a partir del plan Bolonia, garantiza que los psicólogos graduados en esta universidad reciban una mínima formación en este ámbito. Recientemente, los docentes de la asignatura hemos desarrollado un proyecto de innovación para mejorar la formación práctica de los alumnos en el campo de la intervención ante problemas sexuales. Este proyecto se fundamenta en el modelado y el aprendizaje crítico a través de recursos innovadores. Así, se desarrollaron videograbaciones en las que dos alumnos (uno en rol de paciente y otro de terapeuta) simulaban una situación de terapia. Al terapeuta se le instó a cometer errores, que sirvieron para el análisis durante su proyección en las clases prácticas de la asignatura. Esto se acompañaba de actividades de autoevaluación a través de aplicaciones virtuales. Mediante el uso de metodologías docentes innovadoras, la motivación hacia la asignatura así como la aplicación práctica de los contenidos teóricos ha mejorado significativamente. Esta experiencia de innovación ha permitido enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la intervención en sexualidad, lo que redundará en una mejor atención clínica cuando estos futuros profesionales emprendan su actividad laboral., The Sexual Health for the Millennium declaration recognizes the need to improve the academic training of those professionals who will be responsible for their care. Specifically, this declaration proposes that: “Academic training programs for health professionals must include […] education in sexual dysfunction, disorders and gender problems” (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In the psychology degree of Jaume I University, the role of psychologist in the field of sexual disorders treatment is addressed at the < > subject. This subject, mandatory since the approval of degree studies, guarantees that psychologists licensed at this university have a minimum training in this field. Recently, professors from this subject have developed a teaching innovation project in order to improve students training in the field of sexual intervention and treatment. This project is based on the principles and practices of the observational learning model and the critic learning theory and assisted through the use of innovative educational resources. Two students (one in the therapist role and the other in the patient role) were recorded simulating a real therapy situation. The student in the therapist role was encouraged to make errors intentionally; these errors were then employed in an exercise of critique analysis during their projection on class. Furthermore, we did self-assessment activities through a virtual platform. The use of innovative teaching methodologies has increased students motivation toward the subject as well as the applicability of theoretical contents. This innovation experience has improved the teaching-learning process and the training of future sexual health professionals. As a consequence, the performance of these future professionals in sexual health attention will be increased. - Published
- 2016
24. Salusexsida: una experiencia de educación afectivo-sexual en el contexto universitario
- Author
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Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., and Castro-Calvo, Jesús
- Abstract
La educación afectivo-sexual de la población joven requiere la inclusión de variables actitudinales que comprendan, además de conocimientos, aquellas valoraciones, afectos y habilidades que posibilitan el desarrollo de una salud sexual integral. Para ello resulta necesario que el espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se integre en distintos contextos formativos, a partir de un marco de participación activa que posibilite desarrollar un aprendizaje comprehensivo. De esta forma, se facilita la generalización de lo aprendido a los contextos cotidianos y su incorporación a los estilos de vida. En este marco, la Unidad de Investigación sobre Sexualidad y Sida (Salusex-Unisexsida) de la Universitat Jaume I contempla, entre sus líneas de trabajo, un programa educativo que persigue mejorar la formación en el ámbito de la sexualidad humana entre los jóvenes. Una parte del programa introduce el ámbito de la sexualidad, de manera transversal, en asignaturas incluidas en el pensum académico formal. Por ejemplo, incorporando en la asignatura de Lenguaje Publicitario, la realización de campañas preventivas de riesgos asociados a la sexualidad. Otra parte, se centra en crear espacios de educación no formal (en grupos reducidos o en foros abiertos) en los que a través de dinámicas participativas y creativas, fomentan actitudes y habilidades saludables. Por ejemplo, exposiciones gráficas, teatro en la calle o concursos de relatos. Además, dada la eficacia que la educación entre pares ha demostrado, se integra la participación activa de jóvenes formados como agentes de salud que contribuyen a aumentar su eficacia. Como resultado, el programa ha posibilitado que más de 5000 jóvenes se involucren en las actividades, mejorando sus conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades, lo que redunda en su salud sexual. Así pues, parece evidente la necesidad de crear y fortalecer espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario para mejorar la salud sexual de los jóvenes., The affective-sexual education for Young people should contain attitudinal variables that included information, as well as those valuations, emotions and skills related to a global sexual health. For this, the teaching and learning space should be involved in different educational contexts, based on an active participation to develop a comprehensive learning. In this way, people would generalize their learning to daily contexts and lifestyles. In this context, the Unit of sexual health and HIV-AIDS (Salusex-Unisexsida) prevention belongs to Universitat Jaume I (Castellón) includes, in its work strategy, a learning program to improve the training of human sexuality among young people. One part of this program includes the sexual field in cross curricular-subjects. For example, we have incorporated in the subject of Language of Advertisement, the development of preventive campaigns to prevent sexual risks. Another part of this program is focused on creating non-formal education spaces (in small groups or opened forum) with participative and creative techniques to promote healthy attitudes and skills. For example, exhibitions, street performance or tale competitions. Moreover, because the effectiveness of peer education, we have included an active participation of young people. They have been trained as health agents, increasing the effectiveness. As a result, more than 5000 young people have took part in our activities, improving their knowledge, attitudes and skills that result in their sexual health. Therefore, in order to improve the sexual health of young people, we should create and strengthen teaching and learning spaces in the university context.
- Published
- 2016
25. HIV Prevention Interventions for Young Male Commercial Sex Workers
- Author
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Ballester-Arnal, R., primary, Gil-Llario, M. D., additional, Salmeron-Sánchez, P., additional, and Giménez-García, C., additional
- Published
- 2013
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26. Metástasis pulmonares en suelta de globos en paciente con carcinoma de próstata
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Vega Vega, A., primary, García Alonso, D., additional, and Giménez García, C., additional
- Published
- 2004
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27. Niveles de fragmentos de litiasis en todos los cálices renales tras sesión de litotricia en cálculo coraliforme
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Vega Vega, A., primary, García Alonso, D., additional, and Giménez García, C., additional
- Published
- 2004
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28. Fístula urétero-venosa izquierda en paciente con nefrostomía
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Vega Vega, A., primary, García Alonso, D., additional, and Giménez García, C., additional
- Published
- 2003
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29. Assessment of the ICU stay from the point of view of patients and their relatives,Valoración de la estancia en UCI desde el punto de vista de pacientes y familiares
- Author
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BEATRIZ GIL JULIA, Ballester-Arnal, R., Bernat-Adell, M. D., Giménez-García, C., and Castro-Calvo, J.
30. The standardization of a new Explicit Pornographic Picture Set (EPPS).
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Prantner S, Giménez-García C, Espino-Payá A, Escrig MA, Ruiz-Padial E, Ballester-Arnal R, and Pastor MC
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Young Adult, Emotions physiology, Adolescent, Photic Stimulation, Affect physiology, Erotica psychology, Sexual Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Pictures with affective content have been extensively used in scientific studies of emotion and sexuality. However, only a few standardized picture sets have been developed that offer explicit images, with most lacking pornographic pictures depicting diverse sexual practices. This study aimed to fill this gap through developing a standardized affective set of diverse pornographic pictures (masturbation, oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex, group sex, paraphilia) of same-sex and opposite-sex content, offering dimensional affective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance, as well as co-elicited discrete emotions (disgust, moral and ethical acceptance). In total, 192 pornographic pictures acquired from online pornography platforms and 24 control IAPS images have been rated by 319 participants (M
age = 22.66, SDage = 4.66) with self-reported same- and opposite-sex sexual attraction. Stimuli were representative of the entire affective space, including positively and negatively perceived pictures. Participants showed differential affective perception of pornographic pictures according to gender and sexual attraction. Differences in affective ratings related to participants' gender and sexual attraction, as well as stimuli content (depicted sexual practices and sexes). From the stimuli set, researchers can select explicit pornographic pictures based on the obtained affective ratings and technical parameters (i.e., pixel size, luminosity, color space, contrast, chromatic complexity, spatial frequency, entropy). The stimuli set may be considered a valid tool of diverse explicit pornographic pictures covering the affective space, in particular, for women and men with same- and opposite-sex sexual attraction. This new explicit pornographic picture set (EPPS) is available to the scientific community for non-commercial use., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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31. Interpersonal Difficulties Arising from Child Sexual Abuse: Differences Between Intra-familial and Extra-familial Abuse Victims.
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García-Montoliu C, Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Fernández-García O, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) often has serious implications for the victims. The scientific literature reflects a diversity of sequelae that may appear in the short and long term. Interpersonal difficulties have been shown to be one of the most common consequences. However, studies comparing these sequelae between victims of intra-familial (IF) and extra-familial (EF) CSA are scarce. The aim of this research was to analyze differences in dyadic satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and attachment patterns in adulthood between Spanish IF victims, EF victims, and non-victims of CSA. The Sexual Victimization Subscale of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, the Relationship Assessment Scale, the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire were administered to 140 adults (94 CSA victims and 46 non-victims) aged 18 to 54 years. CSA victims scored lower than the non-victims on the personal sexual satisfaction factor and attachment factors characterized by the need for approval, hostile resolution of conflicts, and emotional self-sufficiency. Statistically significant differences were also found between the victim groups in the factors characterized by the need for approval and communication of feelings and comfort with relationships showing the IF group to have more impairment in these areas than the EF group. In conclusion, CSA may have serious implications for the development of victims' interpersonal relationships. The context of sexual abuse and the relationship between victim and offender appears to play a role in the development of relational problems. These findings highlight the need to implement specific strategies in the psychological treatment of victims depending on their relationship with the offender and the environment in which the abuse occurred., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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32. Female Affective Perception of Mainstream and Paraphilic Pornography: Associations with Sexual and Psychological Intrapersonal Variables.
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Prantner S, Giménez-García C, Espino-Payá A, Escrig MA, Fuentes-Sánchez N, Ballester-Arnal R, and Pastor MC
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Motivation, Emotions, Perception, Erotica psychology, Sexual Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Understanding affective perceptual processes can further contribute to the explanation of motivation and actions, as well as sexual risk behaviors. Pornography can be considered salient emotional content and is popular, also among females. Yet, the female perspective on pornography has often been overlooked and it remains unclear how individual variables may be associated with the affective perception of pornography and could provide a risk profile. Possible associations between several sexual and psychological intrapersonal variables and the affective perception of various forms of pornography were analyzed from the female perspective. A sample of 231 females (M = 21.87 years; SD = 3.9 years) provided ratings of affective valence, arousal, disgust, and moral and ethical acceptance for mainstream pornographic and paraphilic images of dominance, submission, or sexual violence. Paraphilic pornography was perceived as less pleasant, arousing, and moral and ethically acceptable, but more disgusting compared to mainstream pornography. This was more pronounced among females who had never consumed pornography. Results further suggest that the female affective perception of pornography was associated with the following sexual intrapersonal variables: sexual sensation seeking for physical sensations, erotophilia, lack of sexual control, problematic pornography consumption, and sexual disgust sensitivity. Of the assessed psychological intrapersonal variables, only anxiety was negatively associated with disgust for paraphilic pornography. It is important to further analyze the female affective perception of pornography and associated variables to include them in strategies for prevention and for addressing problematic consequences of the acceptance of specific sexual content and behaviors, especially related to sexualized violence., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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33. Distortions in time perception related to videogames, pornography, and TV series exposure: An experimental study in three independent samples.
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Cervigón-Carrasco V, Ballester-Arnal R, Billieux J, Gil-Juliá B, Giménez-García C, and Castro-Calvo J
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Erotica psychology, Self Report, Time Perception, Substance-Related Disorders, Video Games
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Time perception is a cognitive process involving both the ability to estimate the duration of an event (time estimation, TE) and the subjective perception of its passage (time passage, TP). Studies show that alteration in TE/TP is associated with substance use disorders. However, little is known about the impact of these alterations in potentially problematic online behaviors. We explore TE and TP while participants were exposed to cues related to videogames, pornography, and TV series, and the relationship of TE and TP with scores from instruments that measure problematic gaming (PG), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic binge-watching (BW)., Methods: Participants from three independent samples (40 men from Luxembourg; 99 Spanish men, 111 Spanish women) completed an experimental task designed to assess TE and TP while they were exposed to short clips related to videogames, pornography, TV series, and documentaries (control condition). Participants also completed different self-reports., Results: Whereas men underestimated the time that they were exposed to pornography and TV series, women overestimated it. For videogames, we showed a consistent pattern of overestimation of time duration. Time was systematically perceived as passing faster while participants were presented with TV series and pornography. Regarding the association between time perception and PG, PPU, and BW, TE did not correlate with any of the indicators of problematic engagement assessed; but TP correlated with several of these indicators., Discussion and Conclusions: The present preliminary results showed mixed evidence regarding the involvement of time perception in gaming, pornography use, and binge-watching.
- Published
- 2023
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34. Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project.
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Portillo-Van Diest A, Ballester Coma L, Mortier P, Vilagut G, Amigo F, Puértolas Gracia B, García-Mieres H, Alayo I, Blasco MJ, Carrasco Espi P, Falcó R, Forteza-Rey I, Garcia-Pazo P, Gili M, Giménez-García C, Machancoses FH, Marzo Campos JC, Navarra-Ventura G, Piqueras JA, Rebagliato M, Roca M, Rodriguez Jiménez T, Roldan L, Ruiz-Palomino E, Soto-Sanz V, and Alonso J
- Subjects
- Humans, Universities, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Observational Studies as Topic, Mental Health, Ecological Momentary Assessment
- Abstract
Introduction: There is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems., Methods and Analysis: Undergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems., Ethics and Dissemination: The project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universities' mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public., Study Registration: osf.io/p7csq., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
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35. Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020.
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Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Castro-Calvo J, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Safe Sex, Self Efficacy, Sexual Behavior, Condoms, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
Self-efficacy seems to be one of the most important resources for the different stages underlying condom use and STI prevention. For this reason, this study evaluates trends in self-efficacy by gender, from 2004 to 2008, 2013 and 2020 in Spain. Throughout these years, 6,698 people ranging from 17 to 40 years old, participated filling the Brief scale of condom use self-efficacy. According to our findings, despite the slight improvement in the recent years, self-efficacy still maintains a risky profile for safe sex, especially among the youngest people. Moreover, most of the traditional gender differences continue over the years with women reporting lower scores for condom purchase and men for putting them. However, these differences are not relevant in other dimensions such as using condoms despite drug consumption where women reveal worse results over the years. Therefore, our findings reaffirm the need of intensifying gendered preventive efforts aimed at Spanish people and, particularly, among the youngest., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Atypical Sexual Interests in Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Results From a Phallometric Study.
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Castro-Calvo J, Giménez-García C, García-Barba M, Gil-Llario MD, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Sexual Behavior, Compulsive Behavior, Self Report, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological, Paraphilic Disorders
- Abstract
The link between Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) and atypical sexual interests is elusive. This study aimed to provide preliminary insights into the relationship between both aspects. The study sample comprised 61 self-identified straight men. CSB was measured through a composite self-report index assessing symptoms of CSB, whereas sexual interests -atypical and normophilic- were assessed objectively through penile plethysmography. The CSB index had small, non-significant correlation with greater sexual response to different sexual stimuli ( r
general sexual responsiveness =.127 [95% CI: -.137, .384]). In terms of overall sexual interest, increased scores on the CSB index had small, non-significant correlation with a higher preference for younger sexual stimuli ( r = -.098 [95% CI: -.499, .215]) and persuasive sex ( r = .10 [95% CI: -.168, .316]). Finally, CSB had a moderate correlation with sexual response when presented with stimuli depicting "female toddler coercive" ( r = .27 [95% CI: -.083, .544]). We conclude that our findings do not support the hypotheses that CSB is significantly related to an increased arousability across sexual stimuli. The study findings also suggest that CSB may be, to a small degree, predisposed to experience sexual attraction toward children. Given the preliminary nature of the study, these conclusions warrant further research. Alternative explanations for the study findings related to the particular components of CSB that may be related to typical and atypical sexual interests are also considered.- Published
- 2023
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37. What Does Heterosexuality Mean? Same-Sex Attraction, Behaviors, and Discomfort Among Self-identified Heterosexual Young Adults from Spain.
- Author
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Nebot-Garcia JE, Giménez-García C, García-Barba M, Gil-Llario MD, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior psychology, Social Discrimination, Spain, Young Adult, Heterosexuality psychology, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Sexuality has been censored by Spanish culture, where legal progress in the form of new policies about sexual diversity rights has not been followed by lower levels of social discrimination. This has affected sexual development across the lifespan for both sexual minorities and heterosexual people who experience their sexuality outside of heteronormativity. However, the literature has regularly excluded the possible consequences of the experience of sexuality within prescriptive categories, particularly in heterosexual people. This study delves deeper into the same-sex experiences of heterosexual women and men and the discomfort they may feel toward such experiences in Spain. A total of 2900 young Spanish people who self-identified as heterosexual completed a questionnaire on sexual diversity and experiences related to sexual orientation. The mean age was 24.22 years (SD = 5.71), 71.1% were women, and 28.9% were men. More heterosexual women than heterosexual men reported having had same-sex attraction, fantasies, desires, and behavioral intentions. However, these men and women reported having similar levels of same-sex sexual intercourse. The discomfort level experienced was higher among heterosexual men and younger people, suggesting the possibility that traditional norms restrict behavioral expression of sexuality among these individuals. At least in the Spanish context, these gender differences should be taken into account to adjust all psychological and educational interventions in the future to improve inclusive sexual attitudes and the treatment of discomfort with sexual orientation. Following these results, research on sexual diversity should focus on young heterosexual people who have different same-sex experiences according to gender differences., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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38. A Trend Analysis of Condom use in Spanish Young People over the Two Past Decades, 1999-2020.
- Author
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Ballester-Arnal R, Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Castro-Calvo J, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Condoms, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
HIV exposure is one of the greatest sexual risks in young people, and condom use is the best protective measure. Despite the preventive efforts, trend in condom use is still unclear. This study examines the trend of condom use by gender in Spanish young people, in different sexual practices (vaginal, oral and anal), relationships (regular and casual) and having sex after drugs consumption during the two past decades (from 1999 to 2020). For this, 14,472 people who ranged from 17 to 40 years old (63.5% women) filled the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. In general, low condom use remains stable and even gets worse regardless of the type of sexual practice, relationship and the substance consumption. Regarding gender, this trend is worse in women who have been less likely to report condom use than men have. Moreover, older people have reported a minor frequency of condom use than the youngest people have done, except for anal sex. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze why, despite preventive efforts, condom use seems to decrease over time., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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39. Trends in HIV sexual prevention: Attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention in Spanish young people over the past two decades (1999-2020).
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Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Nebot-García JE, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Condoms, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Intention, Male, Sexual Behavior psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome psychology, HIV Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Despite preventive efforts, HIV exposure is still a concern for public health. The current prevalence is related to unsafe sex, which is based on socio-cognitive variables. Therefore, information about these variables is required to verify whether the past preventive strategies have been effective and improve the future ones. However, there is not updated information to adjust future preventive interventions. For this reason, this study analyzes trends by gender in Spanish young people over the past two decades in perceived susceptibility to HIV, severity perceived to HIV, condom confidence and the intention of condom use, from 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, 11,665 Spanish young people (from 17 to 40 years old) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. Following our results, in general, the socio-cognitive variables have revealed an unsatisfactory trend: a low perceived susceptibility to HIV and a behavioral intention that have remained stable or even declined slightly over the past years. Particularly, men are more likely to report a riskier level in socio-cognitive variables although, in the latest evaluations, women would decrease condom use intention largely than men. In general, regarding age, young adult would report better levels of condom confidence, but early youth would get higher results in perceived severity, as well as better scores in the latest evaluations of condom use intention. Considering these results, policies should make an effort in HIV prevention programs, and emphasize the attention to attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention to improve their effectiveness., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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40. Influence of beliefs about romantic love on the justification of abusive behaviors among early adolescents.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Ballester-Arnal R, Giménez-García C, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Adolescent, Aggression, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Jealousy, Male, Intimate Partner Violence, Love
- Abstract
Introduction: Romantic experiences during adolescence have an important influence on functioning later in life. Romantic love has been associated with the acceptance of abusive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of different types of abusive behaviors, as well as the influence of gender., Methods: The sample comprised 448 Spanish adolescents (M = 12.92 years old; SD = 0.85), of which 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. Participants were evaluated in the school setting. The Perception of Abuse Scale and the Myths, Fallacies, and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale were administered., Results: Statistically significant negative associations between the myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of abusive behaviors were found. Myths regarding possession, dedication, and exclusivity were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent males. Myths regarding the omnipotence of love were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent females. Believing in jealousy as a demonstration of love (myth of jealousy) and in the need to establish a steady union when you love someone (marriage myth) explained a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in regression models. However, being female and having these beliefs explained a higher perceived severity of abusive behaviors., Conclusions: The myths of romantic love are already present during early adolescence. These beliefs are implicated in the construction of gender inequality and difficulties in the identification of dating abuse behavior severity. A gendered perspective is necessary to understand this issue. Early intervention strategies should address the cognitive and emotional components of intimate relationships., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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41. "INSIDE" Project on Sexual Health in Spain: Sexual Life During the Lockdown Caused by COVID-19.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, and Gil-Llario MD
- Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming a major hazard to public health worldwide. This is causing a significant impact on life and physical health, as well as on the psychological well-being of the general population. Since the emotional distress and the social restrictions caused by this epidemic, it must be expected that its impact will also extend to sexual health. The purpose of this study, the first including a large sample of the Spanish general population, was to analyze sexual behavior during the 99 days of confinement in Spain (INSIDE Project)., Method: One thousand four hundred forty-eight Spanish people, between 18 and 60 years old, were evaluated through an online survey during April 2020. The variables analyzed were the physical and social environment during confinement, sexual desire, type of sexual activity, masturbation, sexual intercourse, online sexual activity, general sexual frequency, sexual fantasies, degree of self-control over sexual drive, sexual abuse, general impact of confinement on sexuality, and emotional mood., Results: Confinement has affected the sexual life of half of the Spanish population (47.7%), especially women. Those who reported a worsening of their sexual life are almost three times more (37.9%) than those who reported an improvement (14.4%)., Conclusions: Different factors have been significant predictors of the positive or negative evaluation about the impact of this confinement on sexual life, such as gender, couple life, privacy, stress level, and the perception of confinement as unbearable., Policy Implications: These results have important implications for the public health and more especially sexual health of the Spanish population., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.)
- Published
- 2021
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42. Sexual behavior and sexual health of transgender women and men before treatment: Similarities and differences.
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Gil-Llario MD, Gil-Juliá B, Giménez-García C, Bergero-Miguel T, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Abstract
Background: There is a lack of research on the sexual health of transgender individuals, as well as a paucity of data about overall sexual health indexes before treatment., Aims: This study aims to analyze the main issues involved in transgender individuals' sexual behavior (with and without a partner), overall sexual health indexes, and potential predictors of sexual health, comparing trans men and trans women on all the variables assessed., Methods: 260 trans people were recruited at a transgender health clinic in Spain. Participants completed the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire for transgender people before receiving any treatment., Results: Overall results show that trans women have a more ego-dystonic and problematic experience of their sexuality. Regarding masturbation, there are no differences in its frequency between trans women and trans men, although there are differences in the reasons they do not masturbate. Regarding sexual behavior with a partner, trans women experience more difficulties than trans men, with significant differences in several areas (e.g., the percentage of transgender individuals who never allow their partners to touch their genitals). Regarding sexual health, we found differences between groups, with lower sexual desire, sexual arousal without orgasm, and overall sexual health in trans women. Likewise, different variables such as pain during sex, fantasies, and time with a steady partner seem to be associated with the different sexual health indexes., Conclusion: Our results show a clear difference between trans women and trans men in most of the sexual aspects assessed, revealing greater gender dysphoria in trans women. We would recommend taking these data into account, as well as variables that may be associated with different sexual health indexes, when designing interventions for transgender people., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.)
- Published
- 2020
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43. Health promotion in young people: Identifying the predisposing factors of self-care health habits.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Spain, Young Adult, Causality, Habits, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Self Care
- Abstract
Unhealthy behaviors are strongly associated with chronic diseases, disabilities, or mortality. Identifying the predisposing factors that influence on self-care healthy habits will improve an early detection of high-risk groups. Four hundred and sixty-six Spanish young people aged 18-25 years were assessed. Global perceived health self-care was predicted by Value of health and Conscientiousness, both in females ( R
2 = 0.185; F = 29.661; p < 0.001) and males ( R2 = 0.154; F = 17.849; p < 0.001). The results have shown gender differences in health self-care habits. Health promotion policies should include specific health consciousness-based strategies.- Published
- 2020
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44. Explanatory Psychological Factors of Inconsistently Condom Use among Spanish University Students: Gender Differences.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Gil-Llario MD, Giménez-García C, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alcoholic Intoxication psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Spain, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Unsafe Sex, Young Adult, Condoms, Contraception Behavior psychology, Students psychology
- Abstract
More than 50% of Spanish youth does not use of condoms correctly and consistently. University students are a particular population at high risk of the HIV infection, other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The influence of psychological variables in using of condom is analyzed by gender and type of sexual relationship. A total of 256 females and 168 males were assessed (Mage= 20.62; SD = 2.16). A regression logistic analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking appears as an explanatory variable of inconsistently condom use in both females and males in vaginal intercourse, steady relationship intercourse and sex under the alcohol and other drugs effects (adjusted odds ratio between 1.095 and 1.124). Moreover, self-esteem appears as a risk factor and extraversion as a protective factor of use of condom in females. On the other hand, neuroticism reveals itself as a protective factor and fear of negative evaluation as a risk factor of use of condom in males. It is necessary to know the psychological mechanisms that underlie sexual risk behaviors for adapting interventions to individual and contextual characteristics.
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- 2020
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45. A Validation Study of the Spanish Version of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI): Paper-and-Pencil Versus Online Administration.
- Author
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Ballester-Arnal R, Castro-Calvo J, Gil-Julia B, Giménez-García C, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paraphilic Disorders diagnosis, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological psychology, Young Adult, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Paraphilic Disorders psychology, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological diagnosis, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
- Abstract
Hypersexuality is a problematic behavior characterized by the combination of an excessive sexual desire and the pathological inability to control it. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), one of the most popular scales to assess this issue. A total of 2,250 participants (1,070 men) completed a translated version of the HBI (1,450 in paper-and-pencil; 800 online). The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors that explained 67.53% of total variance for the HBI paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was confirmed in the HBI online version through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Factorial, structural, scalar and error variance-invariance according to gender was also confirmed through multigroup CFA. Reliability of the total score and subscales ranged between .89 and .96. Likewise, correlations with other related scales were positive and significant ( r between .511 and .743). Temporal stability one year after the first application was .77 (paper-and-pencil format) and .68 (online version). These results support the reliability and validity of the HBI and justify its use in the assessment of hypersexuality in Spanish-speaking countries.
- Published
- 2019
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46. The Role of Dispositional and Social Factors in Argentinian and Spanish Women's Sexuality.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Gil-Llario MD, Ballester-Arnal R, and Casteñeiras C
- Subjects
- Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Sexuality, Spain, Stereotyping, Young Adult, Personality, Self Concept, Sexual Behavior psychology, Sexual Partners psychology, Social Values
- Abstract
This study examines the role of sociocultural and dispositional factors in the sexual expressions of young Argentinian and Spanish women. Three hundred young women self-evaluated their sexual practices, sexual orientation, and relationships. Results reveal differences in women's sexuality based on societal and dispositional variables. The latter seem to play a more important role in those sexual behaviors that are normative in Hispanic traditions, whereas gender dissimilarity is more relevant when these behaviors are socially censured. Therefore, women's sexuality in Hispanic traditions, such as in Argentina and Spain, seems to be more complex than past studies reported.
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- 2019
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47. Sexual Sensation Seeking: A Validated Scale for Spanish Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual People.
- Author
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Gil-Llario MD, Morell-Mengual V, Giménez-García C, Salmerón-Sánchez P, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Sensation, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Spain, Young Adult, Bisexuality psychology, Homosexuality, Female psychology, Sexual Behavior psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Unsafe Sex psychology
- Abstract
Sexual Sensation Seeking has been identified as a main predictor of unsafe sex that particularly affects LGB people. This study adapts and validates the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale to Spanish LGB people. For this purpose, we tested the factor structure in 1237 people, ranged from 17 to 60 years old, 880 self-defined as homosexuals and 357 as bisexuals. The results support the appropriateness of this scale for Spanish LGB people and determine two factors, explaining the 49.91% of variance: "physical sensations attraction" and "sexual experiences". Our findings reveal optimal levels of internal consistency in the total scale (α = 0.81) and each factor (α = 0.84 and α = 0.71). Additional analyses have demonstrated convergent validity for this scale. Important implications of the validated Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in Spanish LGB people are discussed, in order to early detection and preventive interventions for HIV and other sexual health problems.
- Published
- 2018
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48. Why Do Young Hispanic Women Take Sexual Risks? Psychological and Cultural Factors for HIV Prevention.
- Author
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Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Gil-Llario MD, Ballester-Arnal R, and Castañeiras C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Argentina epidemiology, Attitude to Health, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Female, HIV Infections etiology, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Safe Sex psychology, Self Efficacy, Sexual Behavior psychology, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Infections psychology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ethnology, Sexual Behavior ethnology, Unsafe Sex psychology
- Abstract
Young Hispanic women have been particularly affected by HIV. For this reason, we analyzed the influence of cognitive factors, dispositional variables, and gender culture on the HIV risks of two groups of Hispanic women. Young Argentinian and Spanish women (N = 342) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and the Spanish version of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in order to evaluate knowledge of HIV transmission, HIV, and condom use; self-efficacy; safe-sex intention and safe sex; as well as Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Compulsivity traits. Our findings support a different pattern of HIV risk based on gender inequality, although self-efficacy and sexual sensation seeking seem to have been the main important predictors of unsafe sex and HIV risk. Social and psychological factors should be considered to design HIV prevention strategies aimed at young Hispanic women., (Copyright © 2018 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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49. [Assessment of the ICU stay from the point of view of patients and their relatives].
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Gil-Juliá B, Ballester-Arnal R, Bernat-Adell MD, Giménez-García C, and Castro-Calvo J
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Critical Illness therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Critical Care standards, Critical Illness psychology, Family psychology, Intensive Care Units standards, Patient Satisfaction statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: The quality of care is a key aspect in the gene- ral hospital setting and particularly in ICU. The objective of this study was to analyze the assessment of ICU stay by patients and relatives, as well as the influence of socio-demographic/psychological variables on this assessment., Methods: 71 critically ill patients and 89 relatives answered the Questionnaire of the ICU stay assessment and the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale. Descriptive and frequency analyzes were performed. Likewise, correlation coefficients (Pearson/ Spearman), Student's t test, ANOVA analysis and multiple regression equations were used., Results: Results show a positive evaluation in patients, both globally (Mean=4,06; SD=1,25) and in relation to different and inherent to ICU aspects, highlighting the attention/care of professionals (Mean=4,73; SD=0,68). As unpleasant/annoying aspects, they show the scarce possibilities of distraction (Mean=2,41; SD=1,38), lack of silence (Mean=3,15; SD=1,19) and visits policy (Mean=3,66; SD=1,04). Families evaluate globally the patient stay in ICU as “something” pleasant (Mean=3,31; SD=1,76). They also assess most aspects of the unit positively and underline the care/attention of professionals and the attention to psycho- logical needs. The valuation of the ICU stay shows differences in some aspects on the basis of socio-demographic variables. Likewise, family assesses more negatively the patient stay in ICU than patients do., Conclusions: The general evaluation of the ICU stay was positive, although with aspects susceptible to be improved. To know this reality is the prior step to the implementation of those measures that reinforce the well-valued issues and improve the worst- valued aspects in order to optimize the quality of the offered care., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
- Published
- 2018
50. Peer-Led or Expert-Led Intervention in HIV Prevention Efficacy? A Randomized Control Trial Among Spanish Young People to Evaluate Their Role.
- Author
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Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, Gil-Llario MD, and Salmerón-Sánchez P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Risk Reduction Behavior, Safe Sex, Spain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult, HIV Infections prevention & control, Health Promotion, Peer Group
- Abstract
HIV new infections still affect young people around the world. In this context, behavioral interventions seem to be effective in promoting safe sex although some conditions are still inconclusive in different regions. For example, there is insufficient evidence about who may be the best facilitator. For this reason, this study evaluates the effectiveness of peer and expert facilitators for HIV prevention aimed at Spanish young people. For this purpose 225 Spanish college students, aged between 18 and 25 (74.20% women and 25.80% men), were involved in an experimental design to evaluate the facilitators' effect in a brief intervention for HIV prevention. Participants' results were measured by three HIV preventive variables (knowledge, beliefs, and protective sex behavior in vaginal sex, anal sex, and sex after drugs consumption). Our findings reveal that both facilitators, experts and peers, have improved the HIV-associated factors and safe sex behaviors. Therefore, facilitators' status would not be so relevant for effectiveness in HIV prevention aimed at Spanish young people. To facilitate decision making in HIV prevention, we should study in depth what other variables make more effective facilitators.
- Published
- 2018
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