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Studies the risk factors for isoniazid-associated hepatotoxicity in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in patients aged thirty-five years and above. Effectiveness of isoniazid in chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis; Incidence of serious toxicity in patients treated with isoniazid; Adverse effects associated with isoniazid preventive therapy; Levels of alanine aminotransferase.

Meningitis occurs in one-third to one-half of patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, but mass lesions have rarely been described; these lesions are usually found at autopsy. We report six cases of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with central nervous system (CNS) abscesses. Four patients had cerebellar involvement, and two had spinal cord involvement. Four patients were diabetic, and two subsequently died. Review of the literature on CNS coccidioidomycosis indicated that parenchymal brain involvement occurs in 1%–33% of cases, and <40 cases with mass lesions have been reported since 1905. Almost all patients were male and had other active disseminated foci of coccidioidomycosis. In approximately one-third of all cases~ meningitis was absent. Brain lesions may be superficial or deep and multiple or single. In the absence of meningitis~serology of cerebrospinal fluid is negative. Hematogenous origin appears to be more common than direct extension from the meninges. Spinal cord involvement is rare. Diabetes was present in several cases, thus suggesting a vascular predisposition. We hope our experience will increase awareness of this entity, which appears to be more common than previously appreciated, and will facilitate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Control measures were instituted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Syracuse, New York, when a neonatologist became ill with mumps after returning from Africa. Two health care providers (HCPs) who worked with the neonatologist developed parotitis within 13 days of exposure. Outbreak control included furloughing the neonatologist and the 2 HCPs until after 5 days of the onset of parotitis, cohorting and isolating all exposed infants in the NICU, and implementing droplet precautions. All susceptible HCPs were immunized, and all HCPs were required to wear surgical masks when within 3 feet of patients., Results: Five HCPs developed parotitis. The neonatologist and 2 of the HCPs were confirmed cases, and 2 other HCPs did not meet the case definition. Twenty-six HCPs who worked in other units of the hospital besides the NICU developed nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness. Of the 2,904 HCPs tested, 287 (10%) had negative antibody results, and 153 (8%) were age 40 years or older. Of the 287 HCPs with negative antibody titers, 200 (70%) received the mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in response to this effort. No cases of mumps were reported in exposed infants, children, or adult patients during the time of exposure., Conclusion: Infection control efforts, including vaccinating susceptible HCPs and instituting droplet precautions, might have prevented mumps infection in the NICU patients., (Copyright © 2011 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)