2,128 results on '"Gillman, Matthew"'
Search Results
2. Telomeres and Telomerase in the Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review
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Demerath, Ellen W, Cameron, Noel, Gillman, Matthew W, Towne, Bradford, and Siervogel, Roger M
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- 2004
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- View/download PDF
3. Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders
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Arranz, Maria J, Bakker, Steven, Bender, Stephan, Bramon, Elvira, Collier, David A, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Hall, Jeremy, Iyegbe, Conrad, Jablensky, Assen V, Kahn, René S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Lawrie, Stephen, Lewis, Cathryn M, Lin, Kuang, Linszen, Don H, Mata, Ignacio, McIntosh, Andrew M, Murray, Robin M, Ophoff, Roel A, Van Os, Jim, Powell, John, Rujescu, Dan, Walshe, Muriel, Weisbrod, Matthias, Wiersma, Durk, Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pearson, Richard, Pirinen, Matti, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Edkins, Sarah, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hammond, Naomi, Hunt, Sarah E, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Liddle, Jennifer, McCann, Owen T, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Whittaker, Pamela, Widaa, Sara, and McCarthy, Mark I
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Autoimmune Disease ,Schizophrenia ,Mental Health ,Lupus ,Genetics ,Brain Disorders ,Biotechnology ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Adult ,Alleles ,Complement C3 ,Complement C4 ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,HLA Antigens ,Haplotypes ,Humans ,Lupus Erythematosus ,Systemic ,Major Histocompatibility Complex ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Sex Characteristics ,Sjogren's Syndrome ,Young Adult ,Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Many common illnesses, for reasons that have not been identified, differentially affect men and women. For instance, the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome affect nine times more women than men1, whereas schizophrenia affects men with greater frequency and severity relative to women2. All three illnesses have their strongest common genetic associations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, an association that in SLE and Sjögren's syndrome has long been thought to arise from alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes at that locus3-6. Here we show that variation of the complement component 4 (C4) genes C4A and C4B, which are also at the MHC locus and have been linked to increased risk for schizophrenia7, generates 7-fold variation in risk for SLE and 16-fold variation in risk for Sjögren's syndrome among individuals with common C4 genotypes, with C4A protecting more strongly than C4B in both illnesses. The same alleles that increase risk for schizophrenia greatly reduce risk for SLE and Sjögren's syndrome. In all three illnesses, C4 alleles act more strongly in men than in women: common combinations of C4A and C4B generated 14-fold variation in risk for SLE, 31-fold variation in risk for Sjögren's syndrome, and 1.7-fold variation in schizophrenia risk among men (versus 6-fold, 15-fold and 1.26-fold variation in risk among women, respectively). At a protein level, both C4 and its effector C3 were present at higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma8,9 in men than in women among adults aged between 20 and 50 years, corresponding to the ages of differential disease vulnerability. Sex differences in complement protein levels may help to explain the more potent effects of C4 alleles in men, women's greater risk of SLE and Sjögren's syndrome and men's greater vulnerability to schizophrenia. These results implicate the complement system as a source of sexual dimorphism in vulnerability to diverse illnesses.
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- 2020
4. Maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with LEP DNA methylation at birth and in childhood: an epigenome-wide study in Project Viva
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Tian, Fu-Ying, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Cardenas, Andres, Baccarelli, Andrea A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Litonjua, Augusto A, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Hivert, Marie-France
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Human Genome ,Genetics ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Adult ,Child ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,CpG Islands ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenome ,Female ,Fetal Blood ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Infant ,Newborn ,Leptin ,Male ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Promoter Regions ,Genetic ,Prospective Studies ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role in regulating the secretion of cortisol which controls a wide range of biological processes. Fetuses overexposed to cortisol have increased risks of disease in later life. DNA methylation may be the underlying association between prenatal cortisol exposure and health effects. We investigated associations between maternal CRH levels and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of cord blood in offsprings and evaluated whether these associations persisted into mid-childhood.MethodsWe investigated mother-child pairs enrolled in the prospective Project Viva pre-birth cohort. We measured DNA methylation in 257 umbilical cord blood samples using the HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip. We tested associations of maternal CRH concentration with cord blood cells DNA methylation, adjusting the model for maternal age at enrollment, education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, gestational age at delivery, child sex, and cell-type composition in cord blood. We further examined the persistence of associations between maternal CRH levels and DNA methylation in children's blood cells collected at mid-childhood (n = 239, age: 6.7-10.3 years) additionally adjusting for the children's age at blood drawn.ResultsMaternal CRH levels are associated with DNA methylation variability in cord blood cells at 96 individual CpG sites (False Discovery Rate
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- 2019
5. Population‐based identity‐by‐descent mapping combined with exome sequencing to detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia
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Harold, Denise, Connolly, Siobhan, Riley, Brien P, Kendler, Kenneth S, McCarthy, Shane E, McCombie, William R, Richards, Alex, Owen, Michael J, O'Donovan, Michael C, Walters, James, Donnelly, Peter, Bates, Lesley, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hopkins, Lucinda, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai‐How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik‐Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond CK, and Chan, Ronald YL
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Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Clinical Research ,Schizophrenia ,Brain Disorders ,Human Genome ,Prevention ,Serious Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Adult ,Case-Control Studies ,Chromosome Mapping ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Databases ,Genetic ,Exome ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Genotype ,Haplotypes ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Risk Factors ,Sequence Analysis ,DNA ,Exome Sequencing ,GWAS ,IBD mapping ,rare variants ,Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 ,Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are highly effective at identifying common risk variants for schizophrenia. Rare risk variants are also important contributors to schizophrenia etiology but, with the exception of large copy number variants, are difficult to detect with GWAS. Exome and genome sequencing, which have accelerated the study of rare variants, are expensive so alternative methods are needed to aid detection of rare variants. Here we re-analyze an Irish schizophrenia GWAS dataset (n = 3,473) by performing identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping followed by exome sequencing of individuals identified as sharing risk haplotypes to search for rare risk variants in coding regions. We identified 45 rare haplotypes (>1 cM) that were significantly more common in cases than controls. By exome sequencing 105 haplotype carriers, we investigated these haplotypes for functional coding variants that could be tested for association in independent GWAS samples. We identified one rare missense variant in PCNT but did not find statistical support for an association with schizophrenia in a replication analysis. However, IBD mapping can prioritize both individual samples and genomic regions for follow-up analysis but genome rather than exome sequencing may be more effective at detecting risk variants on rare haplotypes.
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- 2019
6. How the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) cohort can spur discoveries in environmental epidemiology.
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Park, Christina H, Blaisdell, Carol J, Arteaga, S Sonia, Mash, Clay, Laessig, Susan, Hanspal, Manjit, Luetkemeier, Erin, Thompson, Leslie C, and Gillman, Matthew W
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ASTHMA risk factors ,CHILDREN'S health ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,PRENATAL exposure delayed effects ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,PREMATURE infants ,NEURAL development ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CLIMATE change ,RACE ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,CHILD development ,HEALTH promotion ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,HEALTH equity ,PUBLIC health ,MACHINE learning ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) program at the National Institutes of Health is an innovative, large, collaborative research initiative whose mission is to enhance the health of children for generations to come. The goal of the ECHO program is to examine effects of a broad array of early environmental exposures on child health and development. The information includes longitudinal data and biospecimens from more than 100 000 children and family members from diverse settings across the United States ECHO investigators have published collaborative analyses showing associations of environmental exposures—primarily in the developmentally sensitive pre-, peri-, and postnatal periods—with preterm birth and childhood asthma, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health. Investigators have addressed health disparities, joint effects of environmental and social determinants, and effects of mixtures of chemicals. The ECHO cohort is now entering its second 7-year cycle (2023-2030), which will add the preconception period to its current focus on prenatal through adolescence. Through a controlled access public-use database, ECHO makes its deidentified data available to the general scientific community. ECHO cohort data provide opportunities to fill major knowledge gaps in environmental epidemiology and to inform policies, practices, and programs to enhance child health. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Early-Pregnancy Plasma Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Birth Outcomes in Project Viva: Confounded by Pregnancy Hemodynamics?
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Sagiv, Sharon K, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Fleisch, Abby F, Webster, Thomas F, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Gillman, Matthew W, and Oken, Emily
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Epidemiology ,Health Sciences ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Adult ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Birth Weight ,Creatinine ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Fetal Development ,Fluorocarbons ,Gestational Age ,Hemodynamics ,Humans ,Massachusetts ,Maternal Exposure ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Serum Albumin ,Socioeconomic Factors ,birth weight ,fetal growth ,gestational age ,perfluoroalkyl substances ,pregnancy ,preterm birth ,Mathematical Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous chemicals used in stain- and water-resistant products, with adverse birth outcomes may be confounded by pregnancy hemodynamics. We measured plasma concentrations of 4 PFAS in early pregnancy (median length of gestation, 9 weeks) among 1,645 women in Project Viva, a study of a birth cohort recruited during 1999-2002 in eastern Massachusetts. We fitted multivariable models to estimate associations of PFAS with birth weight-for-gestational age z score and length of gestation, adjusting for sociodemographic confounders and 2 hemodynamic markers: 1) plasma albumin concentration, a measure of plasma volume expansion, and 2) plasma creatinine concentration, used to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) were weakly inversely associated with birth weight-for-gestational age z scores (adjusted β = -0.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.08, 0.01) and adjusted β = -0.06 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.01) per interquartile-range increase, respectively). PFOS and PFNA were also associated with higher odds of preterm birth (e.g., for highest PFOS quartile vs. lowest, adjusted odds ratio = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4). Adjusting for markers of pregnancy hemodynamics (glomerular filtration rate and plasma albumin), to the extent that they accurately reflect underlying pregnancy physiology, did not materially affect associations. These results suggest that pregnancy hemodynamics may not confound associations with birth outcomes when PFAS are measured early in pregnancy.
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- 2018
8. Cohort Profile: Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium
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Felix, Janine F, Joubert, Bonnie R, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Sharp, Gemma C, Almqvist, Catarina, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J, Bakulski, Kelly M, Binder, Elisabeth B, Bouchard, Luigi, Breton, Carrie V, Brunekreef, Bert, Brunst, Kelly J, Burchard, Esteban G, Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng, Corpeleijn, Eva, Czamara, Darina, Dabelea, Dana, Smith, George Davey, De Boever, Patrick, Duijts, Liesbeth, Dwyer, Terence, Eng, Celeste, Eskenazi, Brenda, Everson, Todd M, Falahi, Fahimeh, Fallin, M Daniele, Farchi, Sara, Fernandez, Mariana F, Gao, Lu, Gaunt, Tom R, Ghantous, Akram, Gillman, Matthew W, Gonseth, Semira, Grote, Veit, Gruzieva, Olena, Håberg, Siri E, Herceg, Zdenko, Hivert, Marie-France, Holland, Nina, Holloway, John W, Hoyo, Cathrine, Hu, Donglei, Huang, Rae-Chi, Huen, Karen, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jima, Dereje D, Just, Allan C, Karagas, Margaret R, Karlsson, Robert, Karmaus, Wilfried, Kechris, Katerina J, Kere, Juha, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koletzko, Berthold, Koppelman, Gerard H, Küpers, Leanne K, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lahti, Jari, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Langie, Sabine AS, Lie, Rolv T, Liu, Andrew H, Magnus, Maria C, Magnus, Per, Maguire, Rachel L, Marsit, Carmen J, McArdle, Wendy, Melén, Erik, Melton, Phillip, Murphy, Susan K, Nawrot, Tim S, Nisticò, Lorenza, Nohr, Ellen A, Nordlund, Björn, Nystad, Wenche, Oh, Sam S, Oken, Emily, Page, Christian M, Perron, Patrice, Pershagen, Göran, Pizzi, Costanza, Plusquin, Michelle, Raikkonen, Katri, Reese, Sarah E, Reischl, Eva, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ring, Susan, Roy, Ritu P, Rzehak, Peter, Schoeters, Greet, Schwartz, David A, Sebert, Sylvain, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Starling, Anne P
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Epidemiology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Statistics ,Mathematical Sciences ,Child Health ,Cohort Studies ,DNA Methylation ,Environmental Pollution ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Female ,Folic Acid ,Humans ,Infant ,Newborn ,Maternal Exposure ,Maternal Health ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public health - Published
- 2018
9. Maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with LEP DNA methylation at birth and in childhood: an epigenome-wide study in Project Viva
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Tian, Fu-Ying, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Cardenas, Andres, Baccarelli, Andrea A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Litonjua, Augusto A, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Hivert, Marie-France
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Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Published
- 2018
10. Cord blood DNA methylation and adiposity measures in early and mid-childhood
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Kresovich, Jacob K, Zheng, Yinan, Cardenas, Andres, Joyce, Brian T, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Oken, Emily, Gillman, Matthew W, Hivert, Marie-France, Baccarelli, Andrea A, and Hou, Lifang
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Genetics ,Nutrition ,Pediatric ,Human Genome ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Obesity ,Cardiovascular ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Quality Education ,Adiposity ,Adult ,Child ,CpG Islands ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Female ,Fetal Blood ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Male ,Pregnancy ,RNA ,Long Noncoding ,EWAS ,Cord blood ,Methylation ,Childhood adiposity ,Clinical Sciences ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundExcess adiposity in childhood is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. As this condition is difficult to treat once present, identification of risk early in life can help inform and implement strategies to prevent the onset of the condition. We performed an epigenome-wide association study to prospectively investigate the relationship between cord blood DNA methylation and adiposity measurements in childhood.MethodsWe measured genome-wide DNA methylation from 478 children in cord blood and measured overall and central adiposity via skinfold caliper measurements in early (range 3.1-3.3 years) and mid-childhood (age range 7.3-8.3 years) and via dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in mid-childhood. Final models were adjusted for maternal age at enrollment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education, folate intake during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain, and child sex, race/ethnicity, current age, and cord blood cell composition.ResultsWe identified four promoter proximal CpG sites that were associated with adiposity as measured by subscapular (SS) and triceps (TR) ratio (SS:TR) in early childhood, in the genes KPRP, SCL9A10, MYLK2, and PRLHR. We additionally identified one gene body CpG site associated with early childhood SS + TR on PPAPDC1A; this site was nominally associated with SS + TR in mid-childhood. Higher methylation at one promoter proximal CpG site in MMP25 was also associated with SS:TR in mid-childhood. In regional analyses, methylation at an exonal region of GFPT2 was positively associated with SS:TR in early childhood. Finally, we identified regions of two long, non-coding RNAs which were associated with SS:TR (LOC100049716) and fat-free mass index (LOC102723493) in mid-childhood.ConclusionThis analysis identified novel CpG loci associated with adiposity outcomes. However, our results suggest little consistency across the various adiposity outcomes tested, particularly among the more accurate DXA measurements of body composition. We recommend using caution when interpreting these associations.
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- 2017
11. The NIH ECHO Program: investigating how early environmental influences affect child health
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Blaisdell, Carol J., Park, Christina, Hanspal, Manjit, Roary, Mary, Arteaga, S. Sonia, Laessig, Susan, Luetkemeier, Erin, and Gillman, Matthew W.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Prenatal Exposure to Mercury: Associations with Global DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Cord Blood and in Childhood.
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Cardenas, Andres, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Godderis, Lode, Duca, Radu-Corneliu, Navas-Acien, Ana, Litonjua, Augusto A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Brennan, Kasey J, Amarasiriwardena, Chitra J, Hivert, Marie-France, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Baccarelli, Andrea A
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Fetal Blood ,Humans ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Mercury ,Environmental Pollutants ,Maternal Exposure ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Pregnancy ,Child ,Female ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Toxicology ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundMercury is a global pollutant, and prenatal exposure is associated with adverse health effects. To date, no studies have evaluated the association between prenatal mercury exposure and DNA hydroxymethylation, an epigenetic modification important for tissue differentiation and embryonic development.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the association between prenatal mercury exposure and offspring global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at birth and test for persistence of the association in childhood.MethodsWithin Project Viva, a U.S. prebirth cohort, we examined associations of maternal second trimester red blood cell mercury (RBC-Hg) concentrations with global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (%-5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (%-5mC) DNA content in blood collected at birth (n=306), early childhood (n=68; 2.9 to 4.9 y), and midchildhood (n=260; 6.7 to 10.5 y).ResultsMedian prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was 3.23μg/g [interquartile range (IQR)=3.29]. At birth, median cord blood %-5mC, %-5hmC, and their ratio were 4.95%, 0.22%, and 24.37, respectively. The mean adjusted difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of blood %-5hmC for a doubling in prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was -0.013% (-0.029, 0.002), -0.031% (-0.056, -0.006), and 0.005% (-0.007, 0.018) at birth, early, and midchildhood, respectively. The corresponding relative adjusted change in the genomic ratio of %-5mC to %-5hmC for a doubling in prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was 4.70% (0.04, 9.58), 22.42% (7.73, 39.11), and 0.73% (-4.18, 5.88) at birth, early, and midchildhood, respectively. No associations were present between prenatal maternal RBC-Hg and %-5mC at any time point.ConclusionsPrenatal mercury exposure was associated with lower %-5hmC genomic content and a corresponding increase in the ratio of %-5mC to %-5hmC in cord blood. This association was persistent in early but not midchildhood blood. Our results demonstrate the potential malleability of epigenetic modifications associated with mercury exposure in utero. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1467.
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- 2017
13. Exposure to Low Levels of Lead in Utero and Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation in Project Viva: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study.
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Wu, Shaowei, Hivert, Marie-France, Cardenas, Andres, Zhong, Jia, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Agha, Golareh, Colicino, Elena, Just, Allan C, Amarasiriwardena, Chitra, Lin, Xihong, Litonjua, Augusto A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Gillman, Matthew W, Wright, Robert O, Oken, Emily, and Baccarelli, Andrea A
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Erythrocytes ,Fetal Blood ,Humans ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Lead ,Environmental Pollutants ,Prospective Studies ,Maternal Exposure ,DNA Methylation ,Pregnancy ,Adult ,Child ,Infant ,Newborn ,Female ,Male ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Infant ,Newborn ,Toxicology ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundEarly-life exposure to lead is associated with deficits in neurodevelopment and with hematopoietic system toxicity. DNA methylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms for the adverse effects of prenatal lead on the offspring, but epigenome-wide methylation data for low levels of prenatal lead exposure are lacking.ObjectivesWe investigated the association between prenatal maternal lead exposure and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood nucleated cells in Project Viva, a prospective U.S.-based prebirth cohort with relatively low levels of lead exposure.MethodsAmong 268 mother-infant pairs, we measured lead concentrations in red blood cells (RBC) from prenatal maternal blood samples, and using HumanMethylation450 Bead Chips, we measured genome-wide methylation levels at 482,397 CpG loci in umbilical cord blood and retained 394,460 loci after quality control. After adjustment for batch effects, cell types, and covariates, we used robust linear regression models to examine associations of prenatal lead exposure with DNA methylation in cord blood at epigenome-wide significance level [false discovery rate (FDR)
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- 2017
14. Persistent DNA methylation changes associated with prenatal mercury exposure and cognitive performance during childhood.
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Cardenas, Andres, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, Agha, Golareh, Hivert, Marie-France, Litonjua, Augusto, DeMeo, Dawn, Lin, Xihong, Amarasiriwardena, Chitra, Oken, Emily, Gillman, Matthew, and Baccarelli, Andrea
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Aryldialkylphosphatase ,Cognition ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Female ,Fetal Blood ,Humans ,Maternal Exposure ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Mercury ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - Abstract
Prenatal exposure to mercury, a known neurotoxic metal, is associated with lower cognitive performance during childhood. Disruption of fetal epigenetic programming could explain mercurys neurodevelopmental effects. We screened for epigenome-wide methylation differences associated with maternal prenatal blood mercury levels in 321 cord blood DNA samples and examined the persistence of these alterations during early (n = 75; 2.9-4.9 years) and mid-childhood (n = 291; 6.7-10.5 years). Among males, prenatal mercury levels were associated with lower regional cord blood DNA methylation at the Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) that persisted in early childhood and was attenuated in mid-childhood blood. Cord blood methylation at the PON1 locus predicted lower cognitive test scores measured during early childhood. Methylation at the PON1 locus was associated with PON1 expression in an independent set of cord blood samples. The observed persistent epigenetic disruption of the PON1 gene may modulate mercury toxicity in humans and might serve as a biomarker of exposure and disease susceptibility.
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- 2017
15. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Adiposity in Early and Mid-Childhood
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Mora, Ana María, Oken, Emily, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Webster, Thomas F, Gillman, Matthew W, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, and Sagiv, Sharon K
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Epidemiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Adiposity ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Caprylates ,Child ,Preschool ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Fluorocarbons ,Humans ,Male ,Massachusetts ,Maternal Exposure ,Obesity ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundFew studies have examined whether prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is associated with childhood adiposity.ObjectiveWe examined associations of prenatal exposure to PFASs with adiposity in early and mid-childhood.MethodsWe measured plasma PFAS concentrations in 1,645 pregnant women (median, 9.6 weeks gestation) enrolled in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort study in Massachusetts (USA), between 1999 and 2002. We assessed overall and central adiposity in 1,006 children in early childhood (median, 3.2 years) and 876 in mid-childhood (median, 7.7 years) using anthropometric and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements. We fitted multivariable linear regression models to estimate exposure-outcome associations and evaluated effect modification by child sex.ResultsMedian (25-75th percentiles) prenatal plasma perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) concentrations in children assessed in early childhood were 5.6 (4.1-7.7), 24.8 (18.4-33.9), 2.4 (1.6-3.8), and 0.6 (0.5-0.9) ng/mL, respectively. Among girls, each interquartile range increment of prenatal PFOA concentrations was associated with 0.21 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.05, 0.48) higher body mass index, 0.76 mm (95% CI: -0.17, 1.70) higher sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, and 0.17 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.36) higher DXA total fat mass index in mid-childhood. Similar associations were observed for PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA. We observed null associations for boys and early-childhood adiposity measures.ConclusionsIn this cohort, prenatal exposure to PFASs was associated with small increases in adiposity measurements in mid-childhood, but only among girls. Citation: Mora AM, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Webster TF, Gillman MW, Calafat AM, Ye X, Sagiv SK. 2017. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and adiposity in early and mid-childhood. Environ Health Perspect 125:467-473; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP246.
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- 2017
16. Early-Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Childhood Metabolic Function
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Fleisch, Abby F, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Mora, Ana M, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Luttmann-Gibson, Heike, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Sagiv, Sharon K
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Prevention ,Pediatric ,Adiponectin ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Boston ,Caprylates ,Child ,Cohort Studies ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Fluorocarbons ,Humans ,Linear Models ,Male ,Metabolism ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals that may persist in the environment and in humans. There is a possible association between early-life PFAS exposure and metabolic dysfunction in later life, but data are limited.MethodsWe studied 665 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a Boston, Massachusetts-area cohort recruited 1999-2002. We quantified concentrations of PFASs [perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA)] in maternal plasma collected at the first prenatal visit (median, 9.6 weeks gestation) and in child plasma from the mid-childhood research visit (median, 7.7 years). We assessed leptin, adiponectin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in mid-childhood. We fit covariate-adjusted linear regression models and conducted stratified analyses by child sex.ResultsChildren with higher PFAS concentrations had lower HOMA-IR [e.g., -10.1% (95% CI: -17.3, -2.3) per interquartile range increment in PFOA]. This inverse association between child PFAS and HOMA-IR was more pronounced in females [e.g., PFOA: -15.6% (95% CI: -25.4, -4.6) vs. -6.1% (95% CI: -16.2, 5.2) for males]. Child PFAS plasma concentrations were not associated with leptin or adiponectin. Prenatal PFAS plasma concentrations were not associated with leptin, adiponectin, or HOMA-IR in offspring.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for an adverse effect of early-life PFAS exposure on metabolic function in mid-childhood. In fact, children with higher PFAS concentrations had lower insulin resistance. Citation: Fleisch AF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Mora AM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Luttmann-Gibson H, Gillman MW, Oken E, Sagiv SK. 2017. Early-life exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and childhood metabolic function. Environ Health Perspect 125:481-487; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP303.
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- 2017
17. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
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Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, LeFevre, Michael L, Mangione, Carol M, Phillips, William R, Owens, Douglas K, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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Stem Cell Research ,Aging ,Prevention ,Health Services ,Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human ,Cardiovascular ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Dyslipidemias ,Female ,Humans ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Male ,Mass Screening ,Middle Aged ,Primary Prevention ,Risk Assessment ,US Preventive Services Task Force ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
ImportanceCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for 1 of every 3 deaths among adults.ObjectiveTo update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid disorders in adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults 21 years and older; the benefits and harms of statin use in reducing CVD events and mortality in adults without a history of CVD events; whether the benefits of statin use vary by subgroup, clinical characteristics, or dosage; and the benefits of various treatment strategies in adults 40 years and older without a history of CVD events.Conclusions and recommendationsThe USPSTF recommends initiating use of low- to moderate-dose statins in adults aged 40 to 75 years without a history of CVD who have 1 or more CVD risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking) and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 10% or greater (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer low- to moderate-dose statins to adults aged 40 to 75 years without a history of CVD who have 1 or more CVD risk factors and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 7.5% to 10% (C recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of initiating statin use in adults 76 years and older (I statement).
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- 2016
18. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
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US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, LeFevre, Michael L, Mangione, Carol M, Phillips, William R, Owens, Douglas K, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Humans ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Mass Screening ,Risk Assessment ,Age Factors ,Primary Prevention ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Dyslipidemias ,Clinical Research ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human ,Heart Disease ,Health Services ,Aging ,Cardiovascular ,Prevention ,Stem Cell Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
ImportanceCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for 1 of every 3 deaths among adults.ObjectiveTo update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid disorders in adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults 21 years and older; the benefits and harms of statin use in reducing CVD events and mortality in adults without a history of CVD events; whether the benefits of statin use vary by subgroup, clinical characteristics, or dosage; and the benefits of various treatment strategies in adults 40 years and older without a history of CVD events.Conclusions and recommendationsThe USPSTF recommends initiating use of low- to moderate-dose statins in adults aged 40 to 75 years without a history of CVD who have 1 or more CVD risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking) and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 10% or greater (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer low- to moderate-dose statins to adults aged 40 to 75 years without a history of CVD who have 1 or more CVD risk factors and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 7.5% to 10% (C recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of initiating statin use in adults 76 years and older (I statement).
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- 2016
19. A Healthcare Service Delivery and Epidemiological Model for Investigating Resource Allocation for Health: TheThanzi La OnseModel
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Hallett, Timothy B., primary, Mangal, Tara D., additional, Tamuri, Asif U., additional, Arinaminpathy, Nimalan, additional, Cambiano, Valentina, additional, Chalkley, Martin, additional, Collins, Joseph H., additional, Cooper, Jonathan, additional, Gillman, Matthew S., additional, Giordano, Mosè, additional, Graham, Matthew M., additional, Graham, William, additional, Janoušková, Eva, additional, Jewell, Britta L., additional, Lin, Ines Li, additional, Smith, Robert Manning, additional, Manthalu, Gerald, additional, Mnjowe, Emmanuel, additional, Mohan, Sakshi, additional, Molaro, Margherita, additional, Ng’ambi, Wingston, additional, Nkhoma, Dominic, additional, Piatek, Stefan, additional, Revill, Paul, additional, Rodger, Alison, additional, Salmanidou, Dimitra, additional, She, Bingling, additional, Smit, Mikaela, additional, Twea, Pakwanja D., additional, Colbourn, Tim, additional, Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph, additional, and Phillips, Andrew N., additional
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- 2024
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20. One‐year postpartum outcomes following a weight management intervention in pregnant women with obesity
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Vesco, Kimberly K, Leo, Michael C, Karanja, Njeri, Gillman, Matthew W, McEvoy, Cindy T, King, Janet C, Eckhardt, Cara L, Smith, K Sabina, Perrin, Nancy, and Stevens, Victor J
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Infant Mortality ,Prevention ,Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods ,Obesity ,Pediatric ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.7 Physical ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Body Mass Index ,Counseling ,Diet ,Female ,Gestational Age ,Humans ,Infant ,Newborn ,Mothers ,Postnatal Care ,Pregnancy ,Pregnancy Complications ,Prenatal Care ,Treatment Outcome ,Weight Gain ,Weight Reduction Programs ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
ObjectiveThis analysis was focused on 1-year maternal and infant follow-up of a randomized trial that tested a weight management intervention conducted during pregnancy.MethodsOne hundred fourteen women with obesity (mean BMI 36.7 kg/m(2) ) were randomly assigned at a mean of 15 weeks gestation to a weight management intervention or usual care control condition. The intervention ended at delivery and resulted in less gestational weight gain and a lower proportion of large-for-gestational-age newborns among intervention compared with control participants. The primary outcome at 12 months postpartum was maternal weight. Secondary outcomes included infant weight-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores.ResultsAt 1 year, mothers in the intervention group weighed 96.3 ± 18.6 kg and those in the control group 99.7 ± 19.2 kg. There was no significant difference between groups in change in weight from randomization to 1 year postpartum (b = -0.47, 95% CI: -4.03 to 3.08). There was a significant main effect of group for infant weight-for-age z-scores (b = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.05) but not infant weight-for-length z-scores (b = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.20).ConclusionsA gestational weight management intervention did not influence maternal weight or infant weight-for-length at 1 year postpartum. Future studies may be warranted to determine whether extending prenatal interventions into the postpartum period would be beneficial for maternal and infant outcomes.
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- 2016
21. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
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Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, LeFevre, Michael, Mangione, Carol M, Owens, Douglas K, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, Pignone, Michael P, and Siu, Albert L
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Biomedical Imaging ,Cardiovascular ,Atherosclerosis ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Health Services ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Advisory Committees ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child ,Dyslipidemias ,Humans ,Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ,Lipids ,Mass Screening ,Preventive Health Services ,Risk Assessment ,United States ,Young Adult ,US Preventive Services Task Force ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ImportanceElevations in levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and, to a lesser extent, elevated triglyceride levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.ObjectiveTo update the 2007 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid disorders in children, adolescents, and young adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger--1 review focused on screening for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and 1 review focused on screening for multifactorial dyslipidemia.FindingsEvidence on the quantitative difference in diagnostic yield between universal and selective screening approaches, the effectiveness and harms of long-term treatment and the harms of screening, and the association between changes in intermediate outcomes and improvements in adult cardiovascular health outcomes are limited. Therefore, the USPSTF concludes that the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger. (I statement).
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- 2016
22. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
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US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, LeFevre, Michael, Mangione, Carol M, Owens, Douglas K, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, Pignone, Michael P, and Siu, Albert L
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Humans ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Lipids ,Mass Screening ,Risk Assessment ,Adolescent ,Child ,Preventive Health Services ,Advisory Committees ,United States ,Dyslipidemias ,Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ,Young Adult ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Cardiovascular ,Pediatric ,Biomedical Imaging ,Atherosclerosis ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Health Services ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
ImportanceElevations in levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and, to a lesser extent, elevated triglyceride levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.ObjectiveTo update the 2007 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for lipid disorders in children, adolescents, and young adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger--1 review focused on screening for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and 1 review focused on screening for multifactorial dyslipidemia.FindingsEvidence on the quantitative difference in diagnostic yield between universal and selective screening approaches, the effectiveness and harms of long-term treatment and the harms of screening, and the association between changes in intermediate outcomes and improvements in adult cardiovascular health outcomes are limited. Therefore, the USPSTF concludes that the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger. (I statement).
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- 2016
23. Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
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US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Ebell, Mark, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, Pignone, Michael P, and Siu, Albert L
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Humans ,Melanoma ,Carcinoma ,Basal Cell ,Carcinoma ,Squamous Cell ,Skin Neoplasms ,Physical Examination ,Dermatology ,Adult ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Advisory Committees ,Primary Health Care ,Female ,Male ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Cancer ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
ImportanceBasal and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of cancer in the United States and represent the vast majority of all cases of skin cancer; however, they rarely result in death or substantial morbidity, whereas melanoma skin cancer has notably higher mortality rates. In 2016, an estimated 76,400 US men and women will develop melanoma and 10,100 will die from the disease.ObjectiveTo update the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for skin cancer.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening for skin cancer with a clinical visual skin examination in reducing skin cancer morbidity and mortality and death from any cause; its potential harms, including any harms resulting from associated diagnostic follow-up; its test characteristics when performed by a primary care clinician vs a dermatologist; and whether its use leads to earlier detection of skin cancer compared with usual care.FindingsEvidence to assess the net benefit of screening for skin cancer with a clinical visual skin examination is limited. Direct evidence on the effectiveness of screening in reducing melanoma morbidity and mortality is limited to a single fair-quality ecologic study with important methodological limitations. Information on harms is similarly sparse. The potential for harm clearly exists, including a high rate of unnecessary biopsies, possibly resulting in cosmetic or, more rarely, functional adverse effects, and the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of visual skin examination by a clinician to screen for skin cancer in adults (I statement).
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- 2016
24. Screening for Colorectal Cancer US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
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Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Jr, Epling John W, Garcia, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Harper, Diane M, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Owens, Douglas K, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, Pignone, Michael P, Siu, Albert L, and Force, US Preventive Serv Task
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General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Published
- 2016
25. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
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Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Harper, Diane M, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Pediatric ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Advisory Committees ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Female ,Humans ,Preventive Health Services ,Risk Assessment ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Syphilis ,Syphilis Serodiagnosis ,United States ,US Preventive Services Task Force ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
ImportanceIn 2014, 19,999 cases of syphilis were reported in the United States. Left untreated, syphilis can progress to late-stage disease in about 15% of persons who are infected. Late-stage syphilis can lead to development of inflammatory lesions throughout the body, which can lead to cardiovascular or organ dysfunction. Syphilis infection also increases the risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV infection.ObjectiveTo update the 2004 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults. Screening for syphilis in pregnant women was updated in a separate recommendation statement in 2009 (A recommendation).Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for syphilis infection in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults and adolescents, including patients coinfected with other sexually transmitted infections (such as HIV).FindingsThe USPSTF found convincing evidence that screening for syphilis infection in asymptomatic, nonpregnant persons at increased risk for infection provides substantial benefit. Accurate screening tests are available to identify syphilis infection in populations at increased risk. Effective treatment with antibiotics can prevent progression to late-stage disease, with small associated harms, providing an overall substantial health benefit.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection. (A recommendation).
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- 2016
26. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
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US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Harper, Diane M, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Humans ,Syphilis ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Syphilis Serodiagnosis ,Risk Assessment ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Preventive Health Services ,Advisory Committees ,United States ,Female ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Pediatric ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Rare Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Infection ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
ImportanceIn 2014, 19,999 cases of syphilis were reported in the United States. Left untreated, syphilis can progress to late-stage disease in about 15% of persons who are infected. Late-stage syphilis can lead to development of inflammatory lesions throughout the body, which can lead to cardiovascular or organ dysfunction. Syphilis infection also increases the risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV infection.ObjectiveTo update the 2004 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults. Screening for syphilis in pregnant women was updated in a separate recommendation statement in 2009 (A recommendation).Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for syphilis infection in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults and adolescents, including patients coinfected with other sexually transmitted infections (such as HIV).FindingsThe USPSTF found convincing evidence that screening for syphilis infection in asymptomatic, nonpregnant persons at increased risk for infection provides substantial benefit. Accurate screening tests are available to identify syphilis infection in populations at increased risk. Effective treatment with antibiotics can prevent progression to late-stage disease, with small associated harms, providing an overall substantial health benefit.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection. (A recommendation).
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- 2016
27. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
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US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Curry, Susan J, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew W, Harper, Diane M, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Owens, Douglas K, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, Pignone, Michael P, and Siu, Albert L
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Feces ,Humans ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,DNA ,Colonography ,Computed Tomographic ,Colonoscopy ,Sigmoidoscopy ,Occult Blood ,Immunohistochemistry ,Risk Assessment ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Preventive Health Services ,Advisory Committees ,United States ,Septins ,Digestive Diseases ,Cancer ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Prevention ,Aging ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.4 Population screening ,Good Health and Well Being ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
ImportanceColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2016, an estimated 134,000 persons will be diagnosed with the disease, and about 49,000 will die from it. Colorectal cancer is most frequently diagnosed among adults aged 65 to 74 years; the median age at death from colorectal cancer is 68 years.ObjectiveTo update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening with colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomography colonography, the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, the fecal immunochemical test, the multitargeted stool DNA test, and the methylated SEPT9 DNA test in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer or all-cause mortality; the harms of these screening tests; and the test performance characteristics of these tests for detecting adenomatous polyps, advanced adenomas based on size, or both, as well as colorectal cancer. The USPSTF also commissioned a comparative modeling study to provide information on optimal starting and stopping ages and screening intervals across the different available screening methods.FindingsThe USPSTF concludes with high certainty that screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk, asymptomatic adults aged 50 to 75 years is of substantial net benefit. Multiple screening strategies are available to choose from, with different levels of evidence to support their effectiveness, as well as unique advantages and limitations, although there are no empirical data to demonstrate that any of the reviewed strategies provide a greater net benefit. Screening for colorectal cancer is a substantially underused preventive health strategy in the United States.Conclusions and recommendationsThe USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years (A recommendation). The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's overall health and prior screening history (C recommendation).
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- 2016
28. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
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Siu, Albert L, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Harper, Diane M, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Services ,Lung ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,4.4 Population screening ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Respiratory ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Advisory Committees ,Aged ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Early Diagnosis ,Health Status ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Quality of Life ,Risk Assessment ,Smoking Cessation ,Spirometry ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,United States ,US Preventive Services Task Force ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ImportanceAbout 14% of US adults aged 40 to 79 years have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Persons with severe COPD are often unable to participate in normal physical activity due to deterioration of lung function.ObjectiveTo update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on whether screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults (those who do not recognize or report respiratory symptoms) improves health outcomes. The USPSTF reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools (including prescreening questionnaires and spirometry); whether screening for COPD improves the delivery and uptake of targeted preventive services, such as smoking cessation or relevant immunizations; and the possible harms of screening for and treatment of mild to moderate COPD.FindingsSimilar to 2008, the USPSTF did not find evidence that screening for COPD in asymptomatic persons improves health-related quality of life, morbidity, or mortality. The USPSTF determined that early detection of COPD, before the development of symptoms, does not alter the course of the disease or improve patient outcomes. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for COPD in asymptomatic persons has no net benefit.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF recommends against screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults. (D recommendation).
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- 2016
29. DNA Methylation in Newborns and Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy: Genome-wide Consortium Meta-analysis
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Joubert, Bonnie R, Felix, Janine F, Yousefi, Paul, Bakulski, Kelly M, Just, Allan C, Breton, Carrie, Reese, Sarah E, Markunas, Christina A, Richmond, Rebecca C, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Küpers, Leanne K, Oh, Sam S, Hoyo, Cathrine, Gruzieva, Olena, Söderhäll, Cilla, Salas, Lucas A, Baïz, Nour, Zhang, Hongmei, Lepeule, Johanna, Ruiz, Carlos, Ligthart, Symen, Wang, Tianyuan, Taylor, Jack A, Duijts, Liesbeth, Sharp, Gemma C, Jankipersadsing, Soesma A, Nilsen, Roy M, Vaez, Ahmad, Fallin, M Daniele, Hu, Donglei, Litonjua, Augusto A, Fuemmeler, Bernard F, Huen, Karen, Kere, Juha, Kull, Inger, Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng, Gehring, Ulrike, Bustamante, Mariona, Saurel-Coubizolles, Marie José, Quraishi, Bilal M, Ren, Jie, Tost, Jörg, Gonzalez, Juan R, Peters, Marjolein J, Håberg, Siri E, Xu, Zongli, van Meurs, Joyce B, Gaunt, Tom R, Kerkhof, Marjan, Corpeleijn, Eva, Feinberg, Andrew P, Eng, Celeste, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Neelon, Sara E Benjamin, Bradman, Asa, Merid, Simon Kebede, Bergström, Anna, Herceg, Zdenko, Hernandez-Vargas, Hector, Brunekreef, Bert, Pinart, Mariona, Heude, Barbara, Ewart, Susan, Yao, Jin, Lemonnier, Nathanaël, Franco, Oscar H, Wu, Michael C, Hofman, Albert, McArdle, Wendy, Van der Vlies, Pieter, Falahi, Fahimeh, Gillman, Matthew W, Barcellos, Lisa F, Kumar, Ashish, Wickman, Magnus, Guerra, Stefano, Charles, Marie-Aline, Holloway, John, Auffray, Charles, Tiemeier, Henning W, Smith, George Davey, Postma, Dirkje, Hivert, Marie-France, Eskenazi, Brenda, Vrijheid, Martine, Arshad, Hasan, Antó, Josep M, Dehghan, Abbas, Karmaus, Wilfried, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Sunyer, Jordi, Ghantous, Akram, Pershagen, Göran, Holland, Nina, Murphy, Susan K, DeMeo, Dawn L, Burchard, Esteban G, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Snieder, Harold, and Nystad, Wenche
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Genetics ,Pediatric ,Human Genome ,Tobacco ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Prevention ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Respiratory ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Asthma ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Chromosome Mapping ,Cleft Lip ,Cleft Palate ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,Female ,Genetic Association Studies ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant ,Newborn ,Pregnancy ,Smoking ,White People ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Genetics & Heredity - Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, represent a potential mechanism for environmental impacts on human disease. Maternal smoking in pregnancy remains an important public health problem that impacts child health in a myriad of ways and has potential lifelong consequences. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but epigenetics most likely plays a role. We formed the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium and meta-analyzed, across 13 cohorts (n = 6,685), the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and newborn blood DNA methylation at over 450,000 CpG sites (CpGs) by using the Illumina 450K BeadChip. Over 6,000 CpGs were differentially methylated in relation to maternal smoking at genome-wide statistical significance (false discovery rate, 5%), including 2,965 CpGs corresponding to 2,017 genes not previously related to smoking and methylation in either newborns or adults. Several genes are relevant to diseases that can be caused by maternal smoking (e.g., orofacial clefts and asthma) or adult smoking (e.g., certain cancers). A number of differentially methylated CpGs were associated with gene expression. We observed enrichment in pathways and processes critical to development. In older children (5 cohorts, n = 3,187), 100% of CpGs gave at least nominal levels of significance, far more than expected by chance (p value < 2.2 × 10(-16)). Results were robust to different normalization methods used across studies and cell type adjustment. In this large scale meta-analysis of methylation data, we identified numerous loci involved in response to maternal smoking in pregnancy with persistence into later childhood and provide insights into mechanisms underlying effects of this important exposure.
- Published
- 2016
30. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
- Author
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US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Siu, Albert L, Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Grossman, David C, Davidson, Karina W, Epling, John W, García, Francisco AR, Gillman, Matthew, Kemper, Alex R, Krist, Alex H, Kurth, Ann E, Landefeld, C Seth, Mangione, Carol M, Harper, Diane M, Phillips, William R, Phipps, Maureen G, and Pignone, Michael P
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US Preventive Services Task Force ,Humans ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Spirometry ,Early Diagnosis ,Risk Assessment ,Smoking Cessation ,Health Status ,Quality of Life ,Adult ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Advisory Committees ,United States ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Prevention ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Lung ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,4.4 Population screening ,Respiratory ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
ImportanceAbout 14% of US adults aged 40 to 79 years have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Persons with severe COPD are often unable to participate in normal physical activity due to deterioration of lung function.ObjectiveTo update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults.Evidence reviewThe USPSTF reviewed the evidence on whether screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults (those who do not recognize or report respiratory symptoms) improves health outcomes. The USPSTF reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools (including prescreening questionnaires and spirometry); whether screening for COPD improves the delivery and uptake of targeted preventive services, such as smoking cessation or relevant immunizations; and the possible harms of screening for and treatment of mild to moderate COPD.FindingsSimilar to 2008, the USPSTF did not find evidence that screening for COPD in asymptomatic persons improves health-related quality of life, morbidity, or mortality. The USPSTF determined that early detection of COPD, before the development of symptoms, does not alter the course of the disease or improve patient outcomes. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for COPD in asymptomatic persons has no net benefit.Conclusions and recommendationThe USPSTF recommends against screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults. (D recommendation).
- Published
- 2016
31. Chaos, Hubbub, and Order Scale and Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescents in Los Angeles
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Chatterjee, Avik, Gillman, Matthew W, and Wong, Mitchell D
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Depression ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Substance Misuse ,Mental Health ,Violence Research ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Peace ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,Adolescent ,Adolescent Behavior ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Humans ,Los Angeles ,Male ,Risk Factors ,Risk-Taking ,Schools ,Students ,Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Pediatrics - Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between household chaos and substance use, sexual activity, and violence-related risk behaviors in adolescents.Study designWe analyzed cross-sectional data among 929 high-school students in Los Angeles who completed a 90-minute interview that assessed health behaviors and household chaos with the 14-question Chaos, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS). Using the generalized estimating equation and adjusting for personal, parental, and family covariates, we examined associations of CHAOS score with substance use, sexual activity, and violent behavior outcome variables. We also examined the role of depression and school engagement as mediators.ResultsMean (SD) age of the 929 students was 16.4 (1.3) years, 516 (55%) were female, and 780 (84%) were Latino. After adjustment, compared with students with CHAOS score 0, those students with the greatest scores (5-14) had ORs of 3.1 (95% CI 1.1-8.7) for smoking, 2.6 (95% CI 1.6-4.4) for drinking, 6.1 (95% CI 1.8-21) for substance use at school, and 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.3) for fighting in the past 12 months. Associations between CHAOS score and sexual risk and other violent behaviors were not significant. Depression and school engagement attenuated the associations.ConclusionsIn this group of adolescents, greatest CHAOS score was associated with increased odds of risky health behaviors, with depression and school engagement as potential mediators. In the future, CHAOS score could be measured to assess risk for such behaviors or be a target for intervention to reduce chances of engaging in these behaviors.
- Published
- 2015
32. Early in the Life Course: Time for Obesity Prevention
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Hawkins, Summer Sherburne, Oken, Emily, Gillman, Matthew W., Halfon, Neal, editor, Forrest, Christopher B., editor, Lerner, Richard M., editor, and Faustman, Elaine M., editor
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Efficacy of a group‐based dietary intervention for limiting gestational weight gain among obese women: A randomized trial
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Vesco, Kimberly K, Karanja, Njeri, King, Janet C, Gillman, Matthew W, Leo, Michael C, Perrin, Nancy, McEvoy, Cindy T, Eckhardt, Cara L, Smith, K Sabina, and Stevens, Victor J
- Subjects
Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Infant Mortality ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cardiovascular ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Birth Weight ,Counseling ,Energy Intake ,Female ,Gestational Age ,Group Processes ,Humans ,Hypertension ,Pregnancy-Induced ,Infant ,Newborn ,Pregnancy ,Pregnancy Complications ,Self-Help Groups ,Treatment Outcome ,Weight Gain ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
ObjectiveObservational studies suggest that minimal gestational weight gain (GWG) may optimize pregnancy outcomes for obese women. This trial tested the efficacy of a group-based weight management intervention for limiting GWG among obese women.MethodsOne hundred and fourteen obese women (BMI [mean ± SD] 36.7 ± 4.9 kg/m(2) ) were randomized between 7 and 21 weeks' (14.9 ± 2.6) gestation to intervention (n = 56) or usual care control conditions (n = 58). The intervention included individualized calorie goals, advice to maintain weight within 3% of randomization and follow the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern without sodium restriction, and attendance at weekly group meetings until delivery. Control participants received one-time dietary advice. Our three main outcomes were maternal weight change from randomization to 2 weeks postpartum and from randomization to 34 weeks gestation, and newborn large-for-gestational age (birth weight >90th percentile, LGA).ResultsIntervention participants gained less weight from randomization to 34 weeks gestation (5.0 vs. 8.4 kg, mean difference = -3.4 kg, 95% CI [-5.1-1.8]), and from randomization to 2 weeks postpartum (-2.6 vs. +1.2 kg, mean difference = -3.8 kg, 95% CI [-5.9-1.7]). They also had a lower proportion of LGA babies (9 vs. 26%, odds ratio = 0.28, 95% CI [0.09-0.84]).ConclusionsThe intervention resulted in lower GWG and lower prevalence of LGA newborns.
- Published
- 2014
34. Associations of Early to Mid-Childhood Adiposity with Elevated Mid-Childhood Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in the Project Viva Cohort
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Woo Baidal, Jennifer A., Elbel, Erin E., Lavine, Joel E., Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Gillman, Matthew W., Oken, Emily, and Taveras, Elsie M.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia
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Donnelly, Peter, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden P, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard D, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Waller, Matthew J, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, and McCarthy, Mark I
- Subjects
Mental health ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Male ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Schizophrenia ,Sweden ,Multicenter Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia Consortium ,Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium ,Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Schizophrenia is an idiopathic mental disorder with a heritable component and a substantial public health impact. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia beginning with a Swedish national sample (5,001 cases and 6,243 controls) followed by meta-analysis with previous schizophrenia GWAS (8,832 cases and 12,067 controls) and finally by replication of SNPs in 168 genomic regions in independent samples (7,413 cases, 19,762 controls and 581 parent-offspring trios). We identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance; 13 of these are new, and 1 was previously implicated in bipolar disorder. Examination of candidate genes at these loci suggests the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling. We estimate that 8,300 independent, mostly common SNPs (95% credible interval of 6,300-10,200 SNPs) contribute to risk for schizophrenia and that these collectively account for at least 32% of the variance in liability. Common genetic variation has an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and larger studies will allow more detailed understanding of this disorder.
- Published
- 2013
36. A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci
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Bradfield, Jonathan P, Taal, H Rob, Timpson, Nicholas J, Scherag, Andre, Lecoeur, Cecile, Warrington, Nicole M, Hypponen, Elina, Holst, Claus, Valcarcel, Beatriz, Thiering, Elisabeth, Salem, Rany M, Schumacher, Fredrick R, Cousminer, Diana L, Sleiman, Patrick MA, Zhao, Jianhua, Berkowitz, Robert I, Vimaleswaran, Karani S, Jarick, Ivonne, Pennell, Craig E, Evans, David M, St Pourcain, Beate, Berry, Diane J, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Hofman, Albert, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, Andre G, van Duijn, Cornelia M, van der Valk, Ralf JP, de Jongste, Johan C, Postma, Dirkje S, Boomsma, Dorret I, Gauderman, W James, Hassanein, Mohamed T, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Magi, Reedik, Boreham, Colin AG, Neville, Charlotte E, Moreno, Luis A, Elliott, Paul, Pouta, Anneli, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Li, Mingyao, Raitakari, Olli, Lehtimaki, Terho, Eriksson, Johan G, Palotie, Aarno, Dallongeville, Jean, Das, Shikta, Deloukas, Panos, McMahon, George, Ring, Susan M, Kemp, John P, Buxton, Jessica L, Blakemore, Alexandra IF, Bustamante, Mariona, Guxens, Monica, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Gillman, Matthew W, Kreiner-Moller, Eskil, Bisgaard, Hans, Gilliland, Frank D, Heinrich, Joachim, Wheeler, Eleanor, Barroso, Ines, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Power, Chris, Palmer, Lyle J, Hinney, Anke, Widen, Elisabeth, Farooqi, I Sadaf, McCarthy, Mark I, Froguel, Philippe, Meyre, David, Hebebrand, Johannes, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jaddoe, Vincent WV, Smith, George Davey, Hakonarson, Hakon, and Grant, Struan FA
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Pediatric ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Human Genome ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Stroke ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Body Mass Index ,Case-Control Studies ,Genetic Loci ,Genetic Markers ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Young Adult ,Early Growth Genetics Consortium ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Agricultural biotechnology ,Bioinformatics and computational biology - Abstract
Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made in establishing genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American, Australian and European collaborative meta-analysis of 14 studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (
- Published
- 2012
37. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Sawcer, Stephen, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pirinen, Matti, Spencer, Chris CA, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Moutsianas, Loukas, Dilthey, Alexander, Su, Zhan, Freeman, Colin, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gray, Emma, Booth, David R, Potter, Simon C, Goris, An, Band, Gavin, Oturai, Annette Bang, Strange, Amy, Saarela, Janna, Bellenguez, Céline, Fontaine, Bertrand, Gillman, Matthew, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gwilliam, Rhian, Zipp, Frauke, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Martin, Roland, Leslie, Stephen, Hawkins, Stanley, Giannoulatou, Eleni, D'alfonso, Sandra, Blackburn, Hannah, Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo, Liddle, Jennifer, Harbo, Hanne F, Perez, Marc L, Spurkland, Anne, Waller, Matthew J, Mycko, Marcin P, Ricketts, Michelle, Comabella, Manuel, Hammond, Naomi, Kockum, Ingrid, McCann, Owen T, Ban, Maria, Whittaker, Pamela, Kemppinen, Anu, Weston, Paul, Hawkins, Clive, Widaa, Sara, Zajicek, John, Dronov, Serge, Robertson, Neil, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Barcellos, Lisa F, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Abraham, Roby, Alfredsson, Lars, Ardlie, Kristin, Aubin, Cristin, Baker, Amie, Baker, Katharine, Baranzini, Sergio E, Bergamaschi, Laura, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bernstein, Allan, Berthele, Achim, Boggild, Mike, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brassat, David, Broadley, Simon A, Buck, Dorothea, Butzkueven, Helmut, Capra, Ruggero, Carroll, William M, Cavalla, Paola, Celius, Elisabeth G, Cepok, Sabine, Chiavacci, Rosetta, Clerget-Darpoux, Françoise, Clysters, Katleen, Comi, Giancarlo, Cossburn, Mark, Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle, Cox, Mathew B, Cozen, Wendy, Cree, Bruce AC, Cross, Anne H, Cusi, Daniele, Daly, Mark J, Davis, Emma, de Bakker, Paul IW, Debouverie, Marc, D'hooghe, Marie Beatrice, Dixon, Katherine, Dobosi, Rita, Dubois, Bénédicte, and Ellinghaus, David
- Subjects
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium ,Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 ,T-Lymphocytes ,Helper-Inducer ,Humans ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,HLA-A Antigens ,HLA-DR Antigens ,Sample Size ,Cell Differentiation ,Immunity ,Cellular ,Major Histocompatibility Complex ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Alleles ,Genome ,Human ,Europe ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,HLA-DRB1 Chains ,Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Neurodegenerative ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,Autoimmune Disease ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Inflammatory and immune system ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
- Published
- 2011
38. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Sawcer, Stephen, Hellenthal, Garrett, Pirinen, Matti, Spencer, Chris CA, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Moutsianas, Loukas, Dilthey, Alexander, Su, Zhan, Freeman, Colin, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gray, Emma, Booth, David R, Potter, Simon C, Goris, An, Band, Gavin, Oturai, Annette Bang, Strange, Amy, Saarela, Janna, Bellenguez, Celine, Fontaine, Bertrand, Gillman, Matthew, Hemmer, Bernhard, Gwilliam, Rhian, Zipp, Frauke, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Martin, Roland, Leslie, Stephen, Hawkins, Stanley, Giannoulatou, Eleni, D'alfonso, Sandra, Blackburn, Hannah, Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli, Liddle, Jennifer, Harbo, Hanne F, Perez, Marc L, Spurkland, Anne, Waller, Matthew J, Mycko, Marcin P, Ricketts, Michelle, Comabella, Manuel, Hammond, Naomi, Kockum, Ingrid, McCann, Owen T, Ban, Maria, Whittaker, Pamela, Kemppinen, Anu, Weston, Paul, Hawkins, Clive, Widaa, Sara, Zajicek, John, Dronov, Serge, Robertson, Neil, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Barcellos, Lisa F, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Abraham, Roby, Alfredsson, Lars, Ardlie, Kristin, Aubin, Cristin, Baker, Amie, Baker, Katharine, Baranzini, Sergio E, Bergamaschi, Laura, Bergamaschi, Roberto, Bernstein, Allan, Berthele, Achim, Boggild, Mike, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brassat, David, Broadley, Simon A, Buck, Dorothea, Butzkueven, Helmut, Capra, Ruggero, Carroll, William M, Cavalla, Paola, Celius, Elisabeth G, Cepok, Sabine, Chiavacci, Rosetta, Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise, Clysters, Katleen, Comi, Giancarlo, Cossburn, Mark, Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle, Cox, Mathew B, Cozen, Wendy, Cree, Bruce AC, Cross, Anne H, Cusi, Daniele, Daly, Mark J, Davis, Emma, de Bakker, Paul IW, Debouverie, Marc, D'hooghe, Marie Beatrice, Dixon, Katherine, Dobosi, Rita, Dubois, Benedicte, Ellinghaus, David, Elovaara, Irina, and Esposito, Federica
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Prevention ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Biotechnology ,Autoimmune Disease ,Genetics ,Brain Disorders ,Human Genome ,Neurodegenerative ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Neurological ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Alleles ,Cell Differentiation ,Europe ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genome ,Human ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,HLA-A Antigens ,HLA-DR Antigens ,HLA-DRB1 Chains ,Humans ,Immunity ,Cellular ,Major Histocompatibility Complex ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Sample Size ,T-Lymphocytes ,Helper-Inducer ,International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium ,Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
- Published
- 2011
39. Maternal Fish Consumption, Hair Mercury, and Infant Cognition in a U.S. Cohort
- Author
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Oken, Emily, Wright, Robert O., Kleinman, Ken P., Bellinger, David, Amarasiriwardena, Chitra J., Hu, Howard, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., and Gillman, Matthew W.
- Published
- 2005
40. Infant Nutritional Status and Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction are Associated with Midchildhood Anthropometry and Blood Pressure in Tanzania
- Author
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Locks, Lindsey M., Mwiru, Ramadhani S., Mtisi, Expeditho, Manji, Karim P., McDonald, Christine M., Liu, Enju, Kupka, Roland, Kisenge, Rodrick, Aboud, Said, Gosselin, Kerri, Gillman, Matthew, Gewirtz, Andrew T., Fawzi, Wafaie W., and Duggan, Christopher P.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Higher Maternal Protein Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Lower Cord Blood Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-II, IGF Binding Protein 3, and Insulin, but Not IGF-I, in a Cohort of Women with High Protein Intake
- Author
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Switkowski, Karen M, Jacques, Paul F, Must, Aviva, Hivert, Marie-France, Fleisch, Abby, Gillman, Matthew W, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl, and Oken, Emily
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. First and second trimester gestational weight gains are most strongly associated with cord blood levels of hormones at delivery important for glycemic control and somatic growth
- Author
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Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Fleisch, Abby, Hivert, Marie-France, Mantzoros, Christos, Gillman, Matthew W., and Oken, Emily
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Association of Indicators of Fetal Growth with Visual Acuity and Hearing among Conscripts
- Author
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Olsen, Jørn, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Steffensen, Flemming Hald, Sabroe, Svend, Gillman, Matthew W., Fischer, Peer, and Rothman, Kenneth J.
- Published
- 2001
44. Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery as Risk Factors for Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis in Young Adult Males
- Author
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Steffensen, Flemming Hald, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Gillman, Matthew W., Rothman, Kenneth J., Sabroe, Svend, Fischer, Peer, and Olsen, Jørn
- Published
- 2000
45. 'Can't We Just Have Some Sazón?' Student, Family, and Staff Perspectives on a New School Food Program at a Boston High School
- Author
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Chatterjee, Avik, Daftary, Genevieve, Campbell, Meg, Gatison, Lenward, Day, Liam, Ramsey, Kibret, Goldman, Roberta, and Gillman, Matthew W.
- Abstract
Background: In September 2013, a Massachusetts high school launched a nutrition program in line with 2013 United States Department of Agriculture requirements. We sought to understand attitudes of stakeholders toward the new program. Methods: We employed community-based participatory research methods in a qualitative evaluation of the food program at the school, where 98% of students are students of color and 86% qualify for free/reduced lunch. We conducted 4 student (N?=?32), 2 parent (N?=?10), 1 faculty/staff focus group (N?=?14), and interviews with school leadership (N?=?3). Results: A total of 10 themes emerged from focus groups and interviews, in 3 categories--impressions of the food (insufficient portion size, dislike of the taste, appreciation of the freshness, increased unhealthy food consumption outside school), impact on learning (learning what's healthy, the program's innovativeness, control versus choice), and concerns about stakeholder engagement (lack of student/family engagement, culturally incompatible foods). A representative comment was: "You need something to hold them from 9 to 5, because if they are hungry, McDonald's is right there." Conclusion: Stakeholders appreciated the educational value of the program but stakeholder dissatisfaction may jeopardize its success. Action steps could include incorporating culturally appropriate recipes in the school's menus and working with local restaurants to promote healthier offerings.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences
- Author
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Poston, Lucilla, Caleyachetty, Rishi, Cnattingius, Sven, Corvalán, Camila, Uauy, Ricardo, Herring, Sharron, and Gillman, Matthew W
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Correlates of Achieving Statin Therapy Goals in Children and Adolescents with Dyslipidemia
- Author
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Mendelson, Michael M., Regh, Todd, Chan, James, Baker, Annette, Ryan, Heather Harker, Palumbo, Nicole, Johnson, Philip K., Griggs, Suzanne, Boghani, Meera, Desai, Nirav K., Yellen, Elizabeth, Buckley, Lucy, Gillman, Matthew W., Zachariah, Justin P., Graham, Dionne, and de Ferranti, Sarah D.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. US adolescents at risk for not meeting physical activity recommendations by season
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Kornides, Melanie L., Gillman, Matthew W., Rosner, Bernard, Rimm, Eric B., Chavarro, Jorge E., and Field, Alison E.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Margarine Intake and Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease in Men
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Gillman, Matthew W., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Gagnon, David, Millen, Barbara E., Ellison, R. Curtis, and Castelli, William P.
- Published
- 1997
50. Mid-childhood fruit and vegetable consumption: The roles of early liking, early consumption, and maternal consumption
- Author
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Kong, Kai Ling, Gillman, Matthew W., Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., and Wen, Xiaozhong
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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