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Depuis les années 2000, les résultats sur corpus chez l’adulte francophone révèlent un emploi majoritaire de l’interrogative in situ (SVQ) (tu vas où ?) à l’oral spontané. Toutefois, nos données chez l’enfant francophone montrent une évolution de la postposition (il s’appelle comment ?) vers l’antéposition simple (QSV) (comment il s’appelle ?) avec l’âge. L’in situ reste malgré tout la construction la plus utilisée. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence les paramètres explicatifs à l’origine de cette évolution. Nous verrons, par ailleurs, que cette tendance ne touche pas l’ensemble des interrogatifs du français.

Vancomycin is increasingly administrated by continuous infusion. But the treatment of patient in intensive care need restricted volume to prevent fluid overload. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of solutions of a high concentration of vancomycin hydrochloride in 5 % glucose or 0.9 % NaCl.

Background: The intraoperative application of synthetic surgical lung sealant (SLS) to surfaces leaking air or at risk of air leaks has been advocated to reduce alveolar air leaks (AAL) after lobectomy., Methods: This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SLS in reducing AAL in patients considered intraoperatively to have moderate to severe AAL, after all conventional measures to reduce such leaks had been used. Over 17 months, 124 patients undergoing standard lobectomy were randomized to standard closure of parenchymal surgical sites, with or without SLS., Results: In treated patients, the mean numbers of intraoperative AAL after application of SLS were significantly smaller than in untreated patients (38.5 mL versus 59.9 mL, p = 0.0401). Postoperatively, the mean time to last observable AAL was shorter in the treated group (33.7 hours versus 63.2 hours, p = 0.0134) and the mean percentage of patients free of AAL at days 3 and 4 was smaller (87% versus 58.5%, p = 0.002). However, the occurrence of incomplete lung expansion after drain removal, and the length of the postoperative hospital stay due to prolonged AAL, were not different. In the treatment group, 4 patients developed localized empyema and incomplete lung expansion without bronchopleural fistula 7, 12, 15, and 20 days, respectively, after operation. In these 4 patients, inserted chest tubes drained infected sealant., Conclusions: Surgical lung sealant may be a useful adjunct to conventional techniques for reducing moderate and severe AAL after lobectomy, but its use seems to increase the risk of postoperative empyema.