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The prevalence of sexting and dissemination of explicit sexual images (ESI) among teenagers has risen with mobile technology. Social media platforms amplify these practices, perpetuating problematic usage patterns. This study explores the understanding of how young people perceive thes enders and receivers of unsolicited dick pics, focusing on gender construction. Ten semi-structured group interviews with cisgendered girls and boys aged 12–16 were conducted and analysed thematically. The findings show that boys are the primary senders of dick pics, while girls are primarily on the receiving end, with boys and girls interpreting unsolicited dick pics differently. Girls more often viewed such behaviour as romantic, while only boys recognized it as harassment. This disparity emphasizes the need for internet safety education and interventions to challenge mainstream constructions of gender norms. By addressing these issues, educators and caregivers can better support adolescents in navigating the complexities of online interactions and promoting healthy relationships.

Psykisk ohälsa bland unga är ett av våra stora folkhälsoproblem och även om vi vet en del om orsakerna saknas fortfarande kunskap om betydelsefulla faktorer. Det gäller särskilt det som handlar om utsatthet för våld och trakasserier. En stor del av ungdomars vardag finns i den digitala miljön ochvi behöver därför mer kunskap om vad ungdomar utsätts för där, men även om andra former av våld. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att få fördjupad kunskap om risk och skyddsfaktorer kopplat till elevers psykiska hälsa och ohälsa, med särskilt fokus på utsatthet för olika former och kombinationer av våld och trakasserier. Drygt hälften (24 av 41) av alla skolor med elever i årskurs nio i Västernorrland har ingått i studien. Resultaten i rapporten grundar sig på enkätsvar från 1211 elever. Det motsvarar en svarsfrekvens på 81 procent. Enkäten innehåller frågor om psykisk hälsa, ohälsa och oro, olika former av våld och trakasserier samt en mängd olika frågor om elevernas psykosociala arbetsmiljö i skolan. Psykisk hälsa, ohälsa och oro Resultaten visar att många elever har psykosomatiska besvär, depressiva symtom, skadar sig själva och är oroliga för globala problem, problem kopplade till ekonomi, arbete och utbildning samt att utsättas för våld och trakasserier, särskilt sexuellt våld. Det är stora skillnader mellan hur tjejer och killar har svarat, där tjejerna genomgående har mer psykosomatiska besvär, depressiva symtom, skadar sig själva och är oroliga jämfört med killarna. När det gäller de positivt formulerade frågorna är det framförallt killar som svarat att de ofta är glada, lugna, energiska, utvilade när de vaknar och tycker att vardagslivet är fyllt av sådant som intresserar dem. Killar är också mer positiva till sin kropp och sitt utseende jämfört med tjejer. Sexuella trakasserier online Resultaten från frågorna om våld och trakasserier visar att sexualiserade former av trakasserier online är vanligt och att det drabbar tjejer i långt högre utsträckning än killa

Research about online sexual violence (OSV) is needed to be able to better meet the needs of girls in psychiatric care. The objectives of this study are to explore experiences of online sexual violence among young female psychiatric service users. Interviews with nine girls with psychiatric care needs were analyzed with thematic analysis. The findings are summarized in four themes which contribute to the notion that online sexual violence is only one, albeit important, part of a more complex picture of violence among young girls in psychiatric care. The girls’ narratives are shaped by, as well as reproducing gender norms.

Background: In a recent WHO report (1), it is stated that the “stranger danger” narrative when it comes to cyber perpetration needs to be toned down. It is more common for young people to be victimized by somebody they know such as friends, peers at school and relatives (2-4). The hypothesis is that many of the cyber perpetrators are peers at school, that means that perceived school safety is as a very important issue to address. Aim: To determine the association between cyber sexual harassment as well as cyber bullying victimization and not feeling safe in school as well as being afraid of other students at school among Swedish 15-year-olds. Mathods: January-April 2023, a survey addressing cyber sexual harassment and cyber bullying, was disseminated in a random sample of high schools (n =24/41) in the Northern part of Sweden. Participating students were in grade nine (15-year-olds). The sample consisted of 68 homerooms, and 1 501 students. Response rate was 80%, (N =1 213). Binary logistic regression models was used to determine the associations Adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as perceived peer support were made. In addition, the models was adjusted for offline victimization. Results: There were no significant associations between online victimization and not feeling safe at school either gender. Low peer support seems to be an important factor for both boys and girls regarding not feeling safe at school. There were no significant associations among boys at all. Online and in-person bullying was associated with being afraid among girls. An additional analysis show that girls were mainly cyber bullied by an unknown person and a girl at school, while it was most common to be bullied in person by a girl at school and next most common by a boy at school. Conclusions: Peer support seems to be of importance for feeling safe at school. Facilitating and promoting good peer relations at school may increase feelings of being safe at school. Girls

In order to prevent bullying and sexual harassment at school we have to focus more on the context where these conducts occur and less on individual behaviors. Earlier studies show that schools where pupils report a high degree of participation in the classroom have higher grades and less bulling than other schools and less discrimination in general as well as less psychosomatic symptoms. The definition of participation in this study is measured as aspects of social and civic objectives (Ahlström 2010). There is a need to develop interventions that not only can prevent bullying and sexual harassment IRL, but also different forms of online victimization. The overall aim is to analyze if pupils who report a high degree of participation also report a low degree of online and offline victimization. A web-based questionnaire will be distributed to about 20 schools during January-February 2023. With a calculated response rate of about 80%, the final sample will consist of about 1100 students in grade 9, representing half of the targeted population in a county in Northern Sweden. The questionnaire has a focus on mental health and includes a broad spectrum of online and offline bullying and harassment as well as sociodemographic and school-related variables. Participation is measured with the Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) constructed from the three dimensions democratic competence, co-operation and communication in the classroom. The results are expected to show that pupils who experience a high degree of participation at school also report a lower degree of online and offline bullying and sexual harassment compared with those who report a low degree of participation. The results in this study can inform schools about the possibilities to work for a positive psychosocial environment in the class and in the school through a pedagogy that not only increases the pupil’s social and civic competence but also decrease the level of different forms of bullying and har

Mid Sweden University’s Forum for Gender Studies (FGV) is aninterdisciplinary and intercampus platform from which to initiate and coordinate gender studies at the university and beyond. This volume is ananniversary number that aims to mobilize and re-vitalize Forum for genderstudies future research strategy. It collects stories form the past, directionsfor the future and arguments for continued solidarity work. “Solidarityinvolves commitment, and work, as well as the recognition that even if wedo not have the same feelings, or the same lives, or the same bodies, we dolive on common ground.” (Sara Ahmed)

Background: Digital media is an important part in the everyday lives of young people. However, hate, threats, and harassment on social media is becoming a global public mental health issue among youth. To promote mental health in this age group, this issue needs to be addressed, and community-based health promotion, in particular participatory interventions, are needed to make measures taken meaningful for youth. The aim of the study was twofold; to teach participatory mobile phone filmmaking to Youth Community Center (YCC) staff; and to investigate how they assess this method regarding feasibility, relevance, costs, resources needed, and time considerations. Methods: YCC staff participated in a two-day mobile phone filmmaking training. Group interviews that were recorded and transcribed verbatim were conducted and field notes were taken. Data was deductively analyzed in accordance with Elo and Kyngäs (2008). Results: YCC staff found the technology was easily accessible and the method needs limited extra resources. It has the potential to promote creativity and can be used as a means to involve young people in describing the issue in their own words, and to find a solution to the issue at hand. The method also has the potential to reach and engage the whole community as organizing a mobile phone film event is part of the process. Time consumption was not perceived as an issue, as staff is free to plan activities as they see fit. Conclusions: According to YCC staff, participatory mobile phone filmmaking has the potential to promote positive interactions on social media among youth. This in turn has the potential to promote wellbeing of young people. Recommendations are that this method is tested among young people and investigate if it is a helpful intervention to promote mental health in this age group. Main messages 1. Participatory mobile phone filmmaking may be useful in youth mental health promotion. 2. The method is cheap, easily accessible, and have the poten

Background: The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate of domestic violence against women and examine the socio-demographic status of the victims of domestic violence in India. The study also examined the differences in the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence against ever-married women over ten years (2005 - 2015) in all member states in India. Methods: The study used secondary data from NFHS-3 (2005-06) and NFHS-4 (2015-16). Cross-tabulation and multivariate analyses were performed. IBM SPSS V25 was used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of domestic violence against married women in India in 2015 was as follows: emotional violence, 13%; physical violence, 28%; and sexual violence, 7%. Rajasthan achieved the highest decline in the prevalence of domestic violence against women over the last ten years since 2005. In addition, younger age, urban residence, lower level of education and lower socioeconomic status were essential predictors of domestic violence. Conclusions: There should be an improvement in female education, awareness generation regarding their rights, and better social support to reduce the prevalence of violence against women. In addition, engaging men in the fight against domestic violence could bring positive results.

Studies of co-occurrence of online and offline victimisation of bullying and sexual harassment and its associations to mental health outcomes among youth are scarce. To inform future study designs, the aim of this brief communication was to map co-occurrence of online and offline bullying and sexual harassment victimisation among adolescents. Data were collected in 2011 in nine schools in Northern Sweden, n = 1193 (boys = 566; girls = 627). Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated to find combinations of victimisation: one, two, three, or four forms. Reflecting a picture of the early days of online victimisation, in total fifty seven percent (57%) of adolescents were victimised. Single occurrence victimisation was 21.2% (offline sexual harassment was most common irrespective of gender), showing that most youths were victimised in a co-occurrence of two or more forms. Seven percent (7%) were victimised by all four forms of victimisation. Offline sexual harassment victimisation was present in the most common co-occurrences. Directions for future studies of victimisation and its associations to mental health outcomes are discussed.

Objectives: To describe the intake of energy drinks (EDs) among a sample ofSwedish adolescents while considering health-related variables, and to investigate thelongitudinal associations between ED consumption, health, and norm-breaking behavior.Longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce.Methods: Questionnaire data were collected in the northern part of Sweden in2010–2011 from 1,622 adolescents in grades 6–9. Analyses were performed using achi-squared test and logistic regression.Results: Seventy-four percent of the boys and 54% of the girls had consumed EDs(P < 0.001). ED consumption was associated with variables related to low health, lowsupport levels, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally strongeramong the girls and the boys who consumed EDs at least once a week. ED consumptionwas a predictor of worse health and norm-breaking behavior 1 year later. Adjusted oddsratios ranged from 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.20; school-related stress) to 4.88 (95% CI: 2.28,10.43; gaming-related truancy).Conclusions: Health promotion activities benefit from a broad approach but could focuson girls who consume EDs and those boys with the highest consumption levels.

The use of social media is a central part of young people’s lives and problematic use, e.g., continuing usage despite evidence of harm is not uncommon. Social media offer young people opportunities to harness teenage discourses of social positioning. The dissemination of unsolicited images of the erect male sexual organ, or so called ‘dicpics’, is one way to engage in discursive practices that will position oneself within the context of power relations and enforcing of hegemonic masculinity. The specific aim of our study was to deepen the understanding of boys’ and girls’ experiences of unsolicited ‘dicpics’ and in particular how they construct masculinity and femininity in their understanding of senders and receivers of such images. Method: We conducted ten group interviews separated by gender (3-7 participants each) with Swedish 12-19 years old adolescents in 2019. The interviews took place at Youth Community Centers. The interviews lasted about 60 minutes and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using latent thematic analysis. Findings: We found one main theme in the interviews; Setting the stage – performed masculinity and the negotiation of gendered social positions. The sender of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’ was a complex matter and was constructed in different ways generating five sub-themes. The construction of the receiving girl on the other hand, had less variation with two sub-themes. Conclusions: There seems to be a discursive gap in boys’ and girls’ understanding of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’. Girls seem to assume that there is some sort of romantic or sexual interest behind this behavior while boys also recognize this behavior as harassment. These findings can inform internet safety educators, legal guardians, and professionals working with young people. However, when addressing the phenomena of the unsolicited ‘dicpic’ it is important also to challenge mainstream constructions of masculinities and femininities.

Girls face gendered violence on an everyday basis, and this may have severe health consequences. Purpose: The aim of this study was to learn about gendered violence facing girls in rural Sweden in their everyday life, as it is experienced by the girls themselves. Method: Using the photovoice method, we worked with 35 girls in an upper secondary school, aged between 16 and 20, to explore how they navigated social spaces and developed strategies for increased safety. Results: Thematic analysis revealed two main themes (constant fear and strategies) and four sub themes (fear of being raped, fear of being labelled and excluded, being “appropriately” sexually active, and appearance and performance for increased feelings of safety). Conclusion: We considered how gendered violence facing girls led to fear and marginalization in a range of situations and interactions. Consequently, girls occupied significantly smaller social spaces compared to boys, and we argue that this was reproduced and upheld through everyday practices informed by hegemonic masculinity and performativity.

Research has shown for decades that gendered violence against girls and women is a major public health problem with devastating long-term health consequences for individuals and communities alike. Knowledge of gendered violence against girls and young women thus needs to be increased not only in urban, but also in rural areas, and from girls’ own perspectives. Research methods should also be developed that will facilitate the possibility of reaching policy makers, i.e. to reach those with the power to bring about social change. This study had two main goals. The first was to use photovoice as a methodology to gain increased knowledge about gendered violence against girls and young women in rural Sweden, while the second was to discuss the potential of reaching social change through photovoice as well as offer some critique. We worked with 35 adolescent girls enrolled in an upper secondary school in rural Sweden. Six workshops, which focused on (un)safety, different forms of violence, and the consequences of violence, were analyzed with an action-oriented approach and content analysis. The photovoice material also resulted in an exhibition that was used to reach policy makers. The findings show that the girls’ ability to control their own lives was limited and that a number of different situations in their everyday lives were related to a reduced sense of space and reduced sense of agency. The findings also highlight that the girls were constantly sexually harassed online, which created a feeling of being unable to escape. We argue that photovoice is suitable in mediating girls’ perspectives and in engaging and informing key policy makers, although the method alone cannot assure social change.

Joint involvement of couples is an effective strategy to increase contraceptive use and improve reproductive health of women. However, engaging couples to understand how their gender attitudes affect their personal and family health is an idea in search of practice. This mixed-methods study explores opportunities and barriers to couples' participation in health promotion in three slums of Delhi. For each couple, surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with husbands and wives individually to contrast self and spousal work, time, interest in health, sources of information related to health and depth of knowledge (n = 62). Urban poverty forces men to work long hours and women to enter part-time work in the informal sector. Paid work induces lack of availability at home, lack of interest in health information and in performing household chores and a self-perception of being healthy among men. These factors inhibit men's' participation in community-based health promotion activities. Women's unpaid work in the household remains unnoticed. Women were expected to be interested in and to make time to attend community-based health-related activities. Men recalled significantly less sources of health information than their spouse. Men and their wives showed similar depth of health-related knowledge, likely due to their spousal communication, with women acting as gatekeepers. Health promotion planners must recognize time constraints, reliance on informal interpersonal communication as a source of health information and the need to portray positive masculinities that address asymmetric gender relations. Innovative, continuous and collaborative approaches may support couples to proactively care about health in low-resource settings., Published online: 24 December 2018

Existing research suggests that sexual harassment, threats and violence are perceived as normal features and as ‘part of the job’ by hospitality workers (Guerrier & Adib, 2000; Poulston, 2008). Several studies indicate that strategies and interventions for the purpose of preventing harassment and violence and threats of violence in hospitality are either completely lacking or are underdeveloped. Customer harassment in particular is much less likely to be covered by policies, than is co-worker or supervisor harassment (Folgerø & Fjeldstad, 1995; Yagil, 2008; Ram, 2015; Kensbock et al, 2015). In response to sexual and racist harassment, workers develop various coping strategies stretching from avoiding certain customers, developing a ’thick skin’, telling customers off, or laughing off an incident and so forth (Guerrier & Adib, 2000; Yagil, 2008; Kensbock et al, 2015). Thus, developing competencies in how to respond to harassment without giving offense become part of what Kensbock et al (2015: 43-44) have referred to as ‘sophisticated social intelligence’ and ‘key job-related skills’. In this paper, we will explore and analyze some of the strategies deployed by management and workers, individually and collectively, in order to cope, prevent, and counteract harassment and threats of violence in the hospitality workplace. A secondary purpose is to examine some of the conflicting aims and contradictions that exist in the hospitality workplace, which may constitute barriers to effective, preventive action. Preliminary findings indicate that there is a broad range of preventive measures that employers and managers deploy, stretching from the arrangement of the physical environment to team-building activities and onto efforts aimed at creating a common value-system. Workers, on their part, strategize collectively for instance by close communication with each other regarding “difficult” customers. Furthermore, individual workers use their bodily resources (voice, AFA Bara en bagatell, eller? Att avnormalisera trakasserier och hot om våld på hotell- och restaurangarbetsplatsen

BACKGROUND: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work. OBJECTIVE: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45-70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis. RESULTS: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38). CONCLUSION: Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.

Introduction: Violence in a broad sense among youth is common and there is some evidence that there are groups of youth who are victims of more than one form of violence. More knowledge is needed in terms of patterning of subgroups of poly-victimization. The aim was to explore if there are distinct subgroups of youth with particular patterns of violence victimization. Method: Survey data from a Swedish sample (n = 1,569) of 14-16-year-olds were used (females 48.4%). Measures were physical violence, threat of physical violence, bullying, sexual harassment, and cyber bullying and harassment in the past six months as well as lifetime physical violence. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of youth with particular violence victimization patterns. Model fit assessment was based on model parsimony, theoretical justification and fit indices criteria (the Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion). Result: A three-latent-class model was selected: 1. Poly-victims with high probabilities of being victimized by a multitude of different types of violence (girls 47.6%). 2. Overall low probabilities of violence victimization (girls 47.5%). 3. High probabilities of victimization of sexual harassment off- and online as well as bullying online (girls 65.6%). Discussion: Three distinct subgroups of violence victimization in youth was evident in the data. There was a greater representation of girls in the purely sexualized violence sub-group. Further research and preventive programs should acknowledge that young people who are victims of one type of violence are likely also to be victims of other types of violence.

There is growing body of research about visual methods in health promotion. Photovoice (PV), a community based participatory research method, is one of these methods that being used more and more frequently in health promotion (HP) interventions and research with young people. The aim of PV is to increase empowerment and participation among vulnerable groups. PV is often used together with so-called at-risk youth in after- school settings, more seldom in the school setting, as a part of the curriculum, with youth with varied background. The purpose of this study was to highlight dilemmas and discuss challenges when photovoice was used in the school setting as a part of the curriculum. The participants were girls and school staff at a vocational program in an upper secondary school in the Northern part of Sweden. A thematic content analysis was used to analyse data from observations, student workshops, focus groups and face-to face interviews with school staff, with focus on the PV method. The result is on progress but shows challenges that needs to be handled: hierarchies limiting the dialogue, the slow pace of the process creates frustration, and finally the method is likely to reinforce previous mistrust against adults when the participants' proposals are not implemented. The conclusions is that scholars using photovoice as a research method at school need to be aware of challenges when they use PV.

Background Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a need for more studies to determine whether there is an interaction between shift work and other risk factors of CVD, thereby increasing the risk of CVD in shift workers. Aims To discern whether shift work and parental mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) or sudden cardiac death (SCD) interact to increase the risk of MI in men. Methods A case-control dataset was used to assess interaction between shift work and parental history of CVD, using death from MI or SCD, or death before age 65, on an additive scale. Results were reported as relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI). Results There was an interaction between shift work and paternal mortality from MI or SCD, when both factors were present [SI = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02. 5.6 and AP = 0.4; 95% CI 0.08. 0.73]. Conclusions Paternal mortality from MI or SCD interacts with shift work to increase the risk of MI in men.

Aim The aim was to analyze (i) the prevalence of online unwanted sexual solicitation (USS) victimization, (ii) predictors of online USS and (iii) the associations between online USS and depressive symptoms in Swedish pupils in grades 7–9. Methods An electronic questionnaire was disseminated in 2011 in schools in a municipality in the northern part of Sweden. Total n = 1193 (boys n = 566; girls n= 627). Logistic regression models were fitted to test the cross-sectional associations between predictors of online USS and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results One third of girls and every fifth boy reported online USS victimization. In boys, predictors associated with online USS were offline bullying and sexual harassment victimization. Only offline sexual harassment victimization was associated with online USS in girls. Girls victimized by online USS had about twice the likelihood to report depressive symptoms compared to non-victimized girls. There were no associations between online USS and depressive symptoms in boys. While offline bullying was associated with depressive symptoms in both genders, offline sexual harassment victimization increased the likelihood to report depressive symptoms in girls only. Conclusions Online USS was common among Swedish youth, particularly among girls. Schools, parents and internet safety educators should look at co-occurrence of different forms of victimization as offline victimization was a predictor of online USS. Online USS was associated with depressive symptoms in girls and may hence be a factor driving gender inequity in mental health in youth.

Background: The health impact of adolescents’ consumption of energy drinks (ED) has been studied; however, previous research mainly used cross-sectional data. The aim of the present study was to describe the consumption of ED in a sample of Swedish adolescents in relation to self-reported health, support and norm-breaking behavior, and to investigate the longitudinal associations between ED consumption and norm-breaking behavior. Methods: The study was carried out in a municipality in The North of Sweden in 2010-2011 and includes data from 1622 adolescents in grades 6-9 who completed a questionnaire in school. Frequency of ED consumption (never vs. ever) was calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to compare ED consumption with self-reported health, support and norm-breaking behavior (i.e., truancy, staying home from school to play computer games, the use of alcohol and tobacco, and not eating breakfast or lunch every school day). Results: Preliminary results showed that boys consumed ED more frequently than girls: 74% of boys and 54% of girls reported to ever consume ED (P < 0.001). Frequency of ED consumption was associated with several variables related to self-reported low health, low support, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally stronger among girls. Furthermore, ED consumption was a predictor of norm-breaking behavior one year later, except for not eating lunch every school day and the use of alcohol (for boys). Adjusted OR ranged from 2.02 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.10) (not eating breakfast every school day) to 4.98 (95% CI: 2.34, 10.63) (staying home from school to play computer games). Conclusions: In this study, adolescents’ consumption of ED was associated with several undesirable conditions and behaviors. ED consumption may thus be an important target for health promotion in young people, especially since it can predict norm-breaking behavior later on. Key messages: Adolescents who consume ED are more likely to

Violence among youth is common and has been linked to poor mental health outcomes. There is some evidence that there are groups of youth who are victims of more than one form of violence but more knowledge is needed in terms of patterning of subgroups of multiple violence victimization. Aim: To explore if there are distinct subgroups of youth with particular patterns of violence victimization. Method: Survey data from a Swedish sample (n = 1,569) of youth 14-16 years old were used (females 48.4%). Using a broad definition of violence, respondents indicated if they had experienced physical violence, threat of physical violence, bullying, sexual harassment, cyber bullying, online sexual victimization, and other adverse sexual experience in the past six months as well as lifetime physical violence victimization. Distinct subgroups of youth within the data set with particular patterns of violence victimization were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Model fit was assessed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), with smaller values indicating better model fit. Results: Preliminary results show three distinct subgroups: 1. Sexualized violence off- and online (girls 66.6%), 2. Bullying only (girls 47.5%) and 3. Multi-victimization including threat of physical violence, violence in the past six months and lifetime, sexual harassment on- and offline, bullying on- and offline as well as other adverse sexual experience (girls 47.6%). Conclusions: Three distinct subgroups of violence victimization in a sample of 14-16 year old youth was evident in the data. There was a greater representation of girls in the sexualized violence sub-group. Further research as well as preventive programs should acknowledge that many young people are victims of several types of violence. Future research should also investigate the implications of multi-victimization on mental health outcomes.

The aim of this workshop is to discuss pros andcons using participatory visual methods in health promotion research. The interest of visual research is growing and it is time to look more critical to this increasingly popular research focus. The first part of the session, we shortly introduce visual methods in health promotion by giving examples and experiences from our research. In the second part of the session, we will discuss experiences and reflections about, e.g. vulnerable groups, power relations, ethical problems and the use of photographs together with the participants. The goals for the session are to expand the dialogue about the need for high ethical standards when using visual methods in health promotion research, to share experiences and to create contact between researchers within this field. There is growing body of research about visual methods in health promotion and the presenting researchers have, together and separately, used participatory visual methods for data collection and participatory action research. The authors have all experience with the PhotoVoice method, developed by Wang and Burris in the late 90th, as well as other visual methods, like cell philms and drawings and participatory research. Examples from different research projects are; non verbal language of drawings and photographs in participatory visual methods when aiming at understanding children’s life worlds, young girls' experiences of daily life at school and girls' views of sexual harassment. However alongside the many opportunities there are equal number of challenges when using nonverbal arts-based research methods in order to go beyond the limits of language to capture the meaning of lived experience in a multimodal and holistic way.