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10. A 'rupture backwards' : the re-emergence of Shamanic sensibilities amongst the Russian avant-garde from 1900-1933

Author

Gill, Charlotte Lucy Kavanagh

Subjects
370
Abstract

This PhD examines the re-emergence of shamanic sensibilities amongst the Russian avant-garde in the period 1900-1933, focusing on the artists Larionov, Goncharova, Malevich, Filonov and Kandinsky. It considers how these pioneering artists, having anticipated Jung’s crisis of psychic dislocation, were perhaps inspired by the ideology, iconography, ritualistic practice and mystical symbolism inherent in shamanism and other associated phenomena. Shamanism was chosen as the theme as it was Jung’s quintessential metaphor for the process towards psychic reunification. The thesis analyses how the artists utilised parallel conceptions in their work in order to attempt to bring about the reunification of the consciousness, both on a visual level in their pictorial imagery, and on a more subtle level through referencing psychological or philosophical principles which may lead to the manifestation of an experience arguably similar to those common in the practice of ‘primitive’ cultures. The thesis attempts to take the reader on a metaphorical shamanic journey, through focusing on four aspects which parallel those found in shamanic practice in the stages that they occur to the neophyte. Firstly, it considers the concept of dvoeverie, a painterly principle relying on the conflation of pagan and religious imagery, and how its artistic expression might equate to Jungian archetypal expression. Secondly, it discusses how the avant-garde re-defined the role of the artist so that the artistic figure might parallel Jung’s metaphorical shaman, and how they began assuming an archetypal role. Thirdly, it examines how these artists began to express a sense of escapism, in an attempt to express Jungian collective archetypes metaphorically expressed in the ‘soul-journey’, through referencing ecstatic and mystical practises frequently utilised to facilitate ritual, through creating a sense of transcendent voyage, and through visually attempting to express the experience of cosmic noumena. Finally, the journey culminates in the examination of how the avant-garde adopted the ultimate Jungian telos of cosmic psychic healing. Throughout this discussion, the thesis attempts to understand why these artists might have been inspired by shamanic and mystical philosophies, through interpreting their practise using a Jungian framework, arguing that it was the artists’ perception of Jung’s crisis of psychic dislocation that inspired the re-emergence of shamanic sensibilities to provide a visual metaphor for the expression of their overall social and ameliorative aims.

Published
2015

11. Community Interventions

Author

Gill, Charlotte, Sherman, Lawrence W., Series editor, Strang, Heather, Series editor, Weisburd, David, editor, Farrington, David P., editor, and Gill, Charlotte, editor

Published
2016
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14. The Effects of Immigrant Concentration on Changes in Neighborhood Crime Rates

Author

MacDonald, John M, Hipp, John R, and Gill, Charlotte

Subjects
Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Immigration, Neighborhood effects, Counterfactual, Selection bias, Criminology
Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which immigrant concentration is associated with reductions in neighborhood crime rates in the City of Los Angeles. Methods: A potential outcomes model using two-stage least squares regression was estimated, where immigrant concentration levels in 1990 were used as an instrumental variable to predict immigrant concentration levels in 2000. The instrumental variables design was used to reduce selection bias in estimating the effect of immigrant concentration on changes in official crime rates between 2000 and 2005 for census tracts in the City of Los Angeles, holding constant other demographic variables and area-level fixed effects. Non-parametric smoothers were also employed in a two-stage least squares regression model to control for the potential influence of heterogeneity in immigrant concentration on changes in crime rates. Results: The results indicate that greater predicted concentrations of immigrants in neighborhoods are linked to significant reductions in crime. The results are robust to a number of different model specifications. Conclusions: The findings challenge traditional ecological perspectives that link immigrant settlement to higher rates of crime. Immigration settlement patterns appear to be associated with reducing the social burden of crime. Study conclusions are limited by the potential for omitted variables that may bias the observed relationship between immigrant concentration and neighborhood crime rates, and the use of only official crime data which may under report crimes committed against immigrants. Understanding whether immigrant concentration is an important dynamic of changing neighborhood patterns of crime outside Los Angeles will require replication with data from other U. S. cities. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Published
2013

15. Neighborhood Effects of Immigrant Concentration on Changes in Neighborhood Crime Rates

Author

Hipp, John R, MacDonald, John M, and Gill, Charlotte

Subjects
immigration, crime, neighborhoods, Los Angeles
Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which immigrant concentration is associated with reductions in neighborhood crime rates in the City of Los Angeles. Methods: A potential outcomes model using two-stage least squares regression was estimated, where immigrant concentration levels in 1990 were used as an instrumental variable to predict immigrant concentration levels in 2000. The instrumental variables design was used to reduce selection bias in estimating the effect of immigrant concentration on changes in official crime rates between 2000 and 2005 for 835 census tracts in the City of Los Angeles, holding constant other demographic variables and area-level fixed effects. Non-parametric smoothers were also employed in a two-stage least squares regression model to control for the potential influence of heterogeneity in immigrant concentration on changes in crime rates. Results: The results indicate that greater predicted concentrations of immigrants in neighborhoods are linked to significant reductions in crime. The results are robust to a number of different model specifications. Conclusions: The findings challenge traditional ecological perspectives that link immigrant settlement to higher rates of crime. Immigration settlement patterns appear to be associated with reducing the social burden of crime. Study conclusions are limited by the potential for omitted variables that may bias the observed relationship between immigrant concentration and neighborhood crime rates, and the use of only official crime data which may under report crimes committed against immigrants. Understanding whether immigrant concentration is an important dynamic of changing neighborhood patterns of crime outside Los Angeles will require replication with data from other U.S. cities.

Published
2013

19. The 4Ts of Building a Successful Researcher-Practitioner Relationship.

Author

CHAPMAN, JAMES, SUE-MING YANG, and GILL, CHARLOTTE

Subjects
RESEARCH assistants, PEOPLE with mental illness
Abstract

This article discusses the importance of building a successful researcher-practitioner relationship in the field of criminology. It highlights four key elements for establishing and maintaining this relationship: trust, transparency, training, and tenacity. The authors emphasize the need for researchers to spend time inside the organization, such as through ride-alongs, to build trust and understand the practitioners' perspectives. They also stress the importance of open communication, setting mutually agreed-upon goals, and respecting the confidentiality of the agency and its data. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges faced during training and implementation of research projects and the need for perseverance and adaptability. Overall, the article provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers working together in the field of criminology. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

23. Place Matters: Criminology for the Twenty-First Century

Author

Weisburd, David, Eck, John E., Braga, Anthony A., Telep, Cody W., Cave, Breanne, Bowers, Kate, Bruinsma, Gerben, Gill, Charlotte, Groff, Elizabeth, Hibdon, Julie, Hinkle, Joshua C., Johnson, Shane D., Lawton, Brian, Lum, Cynthia, Ratcliffe, Jerry, Rengert, George, Taniguchi, Travis, and Yang, Sue-Ming

Published
2015
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34. PANEL & ROUNDTABLE: First Generation Faculty Forum: Supporting First Generation Faculty and Students (40 mins)

Author

Broeckleman-Post, Melissa, Davis, Shannon, Lawrence, Heidi, Rivera, Millie, Adams Wooten, Courtney, Bray, Laurence, and Gill, Charlotte

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract

Nearly 40% of Mason students are first generation college students. This group faces a unique set of challenges, particularly around understanding the implicit norms and expectations on our campus and academia generally. This panel proposes to discuss the unique concerns and experiences of first generation faculty members at Mason and how those impact teaching, mentoring, and advising practices at Mason. Each panelist is a member of Mason’s faculty who was once a first-generation college student who successfully navigated academic institutions and a pathway to the professoriate. By sharing experiences, insights, and current research on strategies that faculty can use to support students and support one another, this panel will also work toward solutions that help improve student access as well as faculty wellness, recruitment, and retention across the University. Some of the questions we will address in our discussion include the following: · What is the current size and scope of faculty who were first generation college students at George Mason? How many faculty members identify as fitting this criteria? What disciplines/departments are they in? What positions do they occupy (assistant/associate/full prof; concurrent admin roles; term)? · Are there trends across their educational experiences that they feel positively impacted their choice to pursue a faculty position? To work at George Mason specifically? · Are there trends across their work and professional practices--in the kinds of labor practices they report in their departments; their teaching, advising, and mentoring practices; or in their research or disciplinary involvement? · Are there professional resources that leadership at George Mason can provide first generation faculty and students to help facilitate and sustain success? · How can we help first generation students understand different ideas about what “work” looks like and the different ways to be transparent about different pathways for structuring work? · How can we help first generation students work recognize that internalized notions of what “success” is and the ways that those ideas can both enable us to find creative solutions and constrain options or even be paralyzed by not knowing? · How does gender impact the expectations that first generation students’ families have and the support that they receive for moving forward on an academic pathway?, Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings, Vol. 12 (2020): Teaching Towards the Future

Published
2020
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36. Made you look

Author

Gill, Charlotte

Subjects
Attention -- Psychological aspects, Creative writing -- Psychological aspects, Literature/writing
Published
2006

42. Are We Underestimating the Crime Prevention Outcomes of Community Policing? The Importance of Crime Reporting Sensitivity Bias

Author

Weisburd, David, Wilson, David B., Gill, Charlotte, Kuen, Kiseong, and Zastrow, Taryn

Abstract

One of the key policing innovations of the last three decades has been community-oriented policing. It is particularly important because it is one of the only proactive policing approaches that consistently improves citizen evaluations of the police. At the same time, a series of reviews have concluded that there is not persuasive evidence that community policing reduces crime. In this paper we argue that these conclusions are likely flawed because of what we term crime reporting sensitivity (CRS) bias. CRS bias occurs because community policing leads to more cooperation with the police and subsequently increased crime reporting. Such increased crime reporting bias adjusts crime prevention outcomes of community policing downward. We illustrate this process by reanalyzing data from the Brooklyn Park ACT Experiment (Weisburd et al., 2021). We begin by showing the specific crime categories that contribute most to CRS bias. We then use a difference-in-differences panel regression approach to assess whether the experimental intervention in Brooklyn Park led to significant CRS bias. Finally, we use bounded estimates from the Brooklyn Park Experiment to adjust meta-analytic results from prior community policing studies to examine whether the conclusion that community policing does not impact on crime would need to be revisited if CRS bias was accounted for. We find that adjusted estimates tell a very different, more positive, story about community policing, suggesting that future studies should recognize and adjust for CRS bias, or identify other measures not influenced by this mechanism.

Published
2024
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45. GIGANTO.

Author

GILL, CHARLOTTE

Subjects
GIGANTO (Short story), GILL, Charlotte
Published
2021

48. Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice.

Author

Gill, Charlotte

Subjects
Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice (Book) -- Bazemore, Gordon -- Schiff, Mara, Books -- Book reviews
Abstract

Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice Gordon Bazemore and Mara Schiff (2005) Cullompton:Willan Publishing, xiv + 386pp, ISBN 1843290948 Gordon Bazemore and Mara Schiff's [...]

Published
2006

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