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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. However, application of the FISH technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy DNA sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome preparations. Here we demonstrate that bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be mapped readily on rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes by FISH. Repetitive DNA sequences in BAC clones can be suppressed efficiently by using rice genomic DNA as a competitor in the hybridization mixture. BAC clones as small as 40 kb were successfully mapped. To demonstrate the application of the FISH technique in physical mapping of plant genomes, both anonymous BAC clones and clones closely linked to a rice bacterial blight-resistance locus, Xa21, were chosen for analysis. The physical location of Xa21 and the relationships among the linked clones were established, thus demonstrating the utility of FISH in plant genome analysis.

A set of 100 genotypes including 92 inter-specific derivatives, their six parents and two check cultivars was evaluated during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences between genotypes for all traits evaluated in both the years, as well as for the pooled over analysis. The analysis of variance revealed substantial variations across years; however, the year x genotype interaction was non-significant for all of the variables tested. Transgressive segregants were recovered for seed yield, pods per plant, fruiting branches per plant and 100-seed weight. Nine derivatives namely GLW7225, GLW7242, GLW7246, GLW7247, GLW6241, GLW6359, GLW6360, GLW6361 and GLW6362 were found significantly superior than the respective parents and check cultivars for seed yield. High GCV was observed for seed yield, pods per plant, fruiting branches per plant and 100-seed weight. Seed yield, 100-seed weight, days to 50% flowering, pods per plant and fruiting branches per plant had high heritability. Genetic advance was high for seed yield while it was moderate for pods per plant, fruiting branches per plant and 100-seed weight. Plant height, number of pods per plant, fruiting branches per plant, and 100-seed weight had a strong positive association with seed yield. The current study found that the wild progenitor, Cicer reticulatum, contains a large amount of latent diversity for numerous yield augmenting traits that can be introgressed into cultivated chickpea for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pigeonpea has remarkable contribution in flourishing the Indian agricultural economy but over the decades, its productivity has remained stagnant. Presence of genetic diversity in breeding population is the key to develop high yielding varieties. Therefore the current study was aimed to explore genetic divergence among pigeonpea genotypes. Methods: A set of 178 pigeonpea germplasm lines were evaluated in randomized block design to assess the genetic divergence and clustering pattern of pigeonpea genotypes. Observations on various yield component traits were recorded. For the estimation of the Fe and Zn content ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer USA) was used. Mahalanobis D² analysis was carried out to assess the genetic divergence. Result: Wide range of genetic diversity was revealed among lines for eleven traits studied. Mahalanobis D² analysis grouped all the genotypes into eleven non-overlapping clusters. The inter cluster D² values indicated that cluster IV and XI (21046.45) were the most diverse and cluster V and cluster VII (60.67) were the less diverse. Out of the eleven characters studied days to maturity, plant height and yield per plot contributed 93.32 per cent of the total divergence. Based on mean performances, cluster XI and cluster II were found to be beneficial for early flowering and early maturity genotypes, cluster V and cluster VII for number of pods per plant and yield per plot, respectively. The highest mean value for grain iron and zinc content was recorded in cluster III rendering simultaneous improvement for these traits. Therefore, trait-wise selection of diverse parents from different clusters would be desirable and beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]