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1. Lake browning counteracts cyanobacteria responses to nutrients: Evidence from phytoplankton dynamics in large enclosure experiments and comprehensive observational data

Author

Lyche Solheim, Anne, primary, Gundersen, Hege, additional, Mischke, Ute, additional, Skjelbred, Birger, additional, Nejstgaard, Jens C., additional, Guislain, Alexis L. N., additional, Sperfeld, Erik, additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Haande, Sigrid, additional, Ballot, Andreas, additional, Moe, S. Jannicke, additional, Stephan, Susanne, additional, Walles, Tim J. W., additional, Jechow, Andreas, additional, Minguez, Laetitia, additional, Ganzert, Lars, additional, Hornick, Thomas, additional, Hansson, Truls Hveem, additional, Stratmann, Cleo N., additional, Järvinen, Marko, additional, Drakare, Stina, additional, Carvalho, Laurence, additional, Grossart, Hans‐Peter, additional, Gessner, Mark O., additional, and Berger, Stella A., additional

Published
2023
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3. Flagship umbrella species needed for the conservation of overlooked aquatic biodiversity

Author

Kalinkat, Gregor, Cabral, Juliano S., Darwall, William, Ficetola, G. Francesco, Fisher, Judith L., Giling, Darren P., Gosselin, Marie-Pierre, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Jähnig, Sonja C., Jeschke, Jonathan M., Knopf, Klaus, Larsen, Stefano, Onandia, Gabriela, Pätzig, Marlene, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Singer, Gabriel, Sperfeld, Erik, and Jarić, Ivan

Published
2017

4. Delving deeper : Metabolic processes in the metalimnion of stratified lakes

Author

Giling, Darren P., Staehr, Peter A., Grossart, Hans Peter, Andersen, Mikkel René, Boehrer, Bertram, Escot, Carmelo, Evrendilek, Fatih, Gómez-Gener, Lluís, Honti, Mark, Jones, Ian D., Karakaya, Nusret, Laas, Alo, Moreno-Ostos, Enrique, Rinke, Karsten, Scharfenberger, Ulrike, Schmidt, Silke R., Weber, Michael, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Zwart, Jacob A., and Obrador, Biel

Published
2017

5. Lake browning counteracts cyanobacteria responses to nutrients: Evidence from phytoplankton dynamics in large enclosure experiments and comprehensive observational data.

Author

Lyche Solheim, Anne, Gundersen, Hege, Mischke, Ute, Skjelbred, Birger, Nejstgaard, Jens C., Guislain, Alexis L. N., Sperfeld, Erik, Giling, Darren P., Haande, Sigrid, Ballot, Andreas, Moe, S. Jannicke, Stephan, Susanne, Walles, Tim J. W., Jechow, Andreas, Minguez, Laetitia, Ganzert, Lars, Hornick, Thomas, Hansson, Truls Hveem, Stratmann, Cleo N., and Järvinen, Marko

Subjects
EXTREME weather, CYANOBACTERIAL blooms, PHYTOPLANKTON, HUMUS, MICROCYSTIS, LAKES, CYANOBACTERIA
Abstract

Lakes worldwide are affected by multiple stressors, including climate change. This includes massive loading of both nutrients and humic substances to lakes during extreme weather events, which also may disrupt thermal stratification. Since multi‐stressor effects vary widely in space and time, their combined ecological impacts remain difficult to predict. Therefore, we combined two consecutive large enclosure experiments with a comprehensive time‐series and a broad‐scale field survey to unravel the combined effects of storm‐induced lake browning, nutrient enrichment and deep mixing on phytoplankton communities, focusing particularly on potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The experimental results revealed that browning counteracted the stimulating effect of nutrients on phytoplankton and caused a shift from phototrophic cyanobacteria and chlorophytes to mixotrophic cryptophytes. Light limitation by browning was identified as the likely mechanism underlying this response. Deep‐mixing increased microcystin concentrations in clear nutrient‐enriched enclosures, caused by upwelling of a metalimnetic Planktothrix rubescens population. Monitoring data from a 25‐year time‐series of a eutrophic lake and from 588 northern European lakes corroborate the experimental results: Browning suppresses cyanobacteria in terms of both biovolume and proportion of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Both the experimental and observational results indicated a lower total phosphorus threshold for cyanobacterial bloom development in clearwater lakes (10–20 μg P L−1) than in humic lakes (20–30 μg P L−1). This finding provides management guidance for lakes receiving more nutrients and humic substances due to more frequent extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Mapping change in biodiversity and ecosystem function research: food webs foster integration of experiments and science policy

Author

Hines, Jes, primary, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Barnes, Andrew D., additional, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Scherber, Christoph, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Klein, Alexandra M., additional, and Eisenhauer, Nico, additional

Published
2019
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7. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, primary, Schielzeth, Holger, additional, Barnes, Andrew D., additional, Barry, Kathryn E., additional, Bonn, Aletta, additional, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Buscot, François, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Ferlian, Olga, additional, Freschet, Grégoire T., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Hines, Jes, additional, Isbell, Forest, additional, Koller-France, Eva, additional, König-Ries, Birgitta, additional, de Kroon, Hans, additional, Meyer, Sebastian T., additional, Milcu, Alexandru, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Nock, Charles A., additional, Petermann, Jana S., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Scherber, Christoph, additional, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Schnitzer, Stefan A., additional, Schuldt, Andreas, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, van Dam, Nicole M., additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Vogel, Anja, additional, Wagg, Cameron, additional, Wardle, David A., additional, Weigelt, Alexandra, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, and Jochum, Malte, additional

Published
2019
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13. Global patterns and controls of nutrient immobilization on decomposing cellulose in riverine ecosystems

Author

Costello, David M., Tiegs, Scott D., Boyero, Luz, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Danger, Michael, Frost, Paul C., Gessner, Mark O., Griffiths, Natalie A., Halvorson, Halvor M., Kuehn, Kevin A., Marcarelli, Amy M., Royer, Todd V., Mathie, Devan M., Albariño, Ricardo J., Arango, Clay P., Aroviita, Jukka, Baxter, Colden V., Bellinger, Brent J., Bruder, Andreas, Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Camacho, Antonio, Colas, Fanny, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, Cross, Wyatt F., Derry, Alison M., Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, de Eyto, Elvira, Ferreira, Verónica, Ferriol, Carmen, Fleituch, Tadeusz, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., Frainer, André, Garcia, Erica A., García, Liliana, García, Pavel E., Giling, Darren P., Gonzales-Pomar, R. Karina, Graça, Manuel A. S., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guérold, François, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott N., Hishi, Takuo, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., LeRoy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., Masese, Frank O., McIntyre, Peter B., McKie, Brendan G., Medeiros, Adriana O., Miliša, Marko, Miyake, Yo, Mooney, Robert J., Muotka, Timo, Nimptsch, Jorge, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Parnikoza, Ivan Y., Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rincón, José, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Santamans, Anna C., Simiyu, Gelas M., Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sponseller, Ryan A., Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Vilbaste, Sirje, Villanueva, Verónica D., Webster, Jackson R., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin, Zwart, Jacob A., Costello, David M., Tiegs, Scott D., Boyero, Luz, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Danger, Michael, Frost, Paul C., Gessner, Mark O., Griffiths, Natalie A., Halvorson, Halvor M., Kuehn, Kevin A., Marcarelli, Amy M., Royer, Todd V., Mathie, Devan M., Albariño, Ricardo J., Arango, Clay P., Aroviita, Jukka, Baxter, Colden V., Bellinger, Brent J., Bruder, Andreas, Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Camacho, Antonio, Colas, Fanny, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, Cross, Wyatt F., Derry, Alison M., Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, de Eyto, Elvira, Ferreira, Verónica, Ferriol, Carmen, Fleituch, Tadeusz, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., Frainer, André, Garcia, Erica A., García, Liliana, García, Pavel E., Giling, Darren P., Gonzales-Pomar, R. Karina, Graça, Manuel A. S., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guérold, François, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott N., Hishi, Takuo, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., LeRoy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., Masese, Frank O., McIntyre, Peter B., McKie, Brendan G., Medeiros, Adriana O., Miliša, Marko, Miyake, Yo, Mooney, Robert J., Muotka, Timo, Nimptsch, Jorge, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Parnikoza, Ivan Y., Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rincón, José, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Santamans, Anna C., Simiyu, Gelas M., Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sponseller, Ryan A., Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Vilbaste, Sirje, Villanueva, Verónica D., Webster, Jackson R., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin, and Zwart, Jacob A.

Abstract

Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low-nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low-nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature-dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter.

Published
2022
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14. Global Patterns and Controls of Nutrient Immobilization on Decomposing Cellulose in Riverine Ecosystems

Author

Costello, David M., primary, Tiegs, Scott D., additional, Boyero, Luz, additional, Canhoto, Cristina, additional, Capps, Krista A., additional, Danger, Michael, additional, Frost, Paul C., additional, Gessner, Mark O., additional, Griffiths, Natalie A., additional, Halvorson, Halvor M., additional, Kuehn, Kevin A., additional, Marcarelli, Amy M., additional, Royer, Todd V., additional, Mathie, Devan M., additional, Albariño, Ricardo J., additional, Arango, Clay P., additional, Aroviita, Jukka, additional, Baxter, Colden V., additional, Bellinger, Brent J., additional, Bruder, Andreas, additional, Burdon, Francis J., additional, Callisto, Marcos, additional, Camacho, Antonio, additional, Colas, Fanny, additional, Cornut, Julien, additional, Crespo‐Pérez, Verónica, additional, Cross, Wyatt F., additional, Derry, Alison M., additional, Douglas, Michael M., additional, Elosegi, Arturo, additional, de Eyto, Elvira, additional, Ferreira, Verónica, additional, Ferriol, Carmen, additional, Fleituch, Tadeusz, additional, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., additional, Frainer, André, additional, Garcia, Erica A., additional, García, Liliana, additional, García, Pavel E., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Gonzales‐Pomar, R. Karina, additional, Graça, Manuel A. S., additional, Grossart, Hans‐Peter, additional, Guérold, François, additional, Hepp, Luiz U., additional, Higgins, Scott N., additional, Hishi, Takuo, additional, Iñiguez‐Armijos, Carlos, additional, Iwata, Tomoya, additional, Kirkwood, Andrea E., additional, Koning, Aaron A., additional, Kosten, Sarian, additional, Laudon, Hjalmar, additional, Leavitt, Peter R., additional, Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., additional, Leroux, Shawn J., additional, LeRoy, Carri J., additional, Lisi, Peter J., additional, Masese, Frank O., additional, McIntyre, Peter B., additional, McKie, Brendan G., additional, Medeiros, Adriana O., additional, Miliša, Marko, additional, Miyake, Yo, additional, Mooney, Robert J., additional, Muotka, Timo, additional, Nimptsch, Jorge, additional, Paavola, Riku, additional, Pardo, Isabel, additional, Parnikoza, Ivan Y., additional, Patrick, Christopher J., additional, Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., additional, Pozo, Jesus, additional, Reid, Brian, additional, Richardson, John S., additional, Rincón, José, additional, Risnoveanu, Geta, additional, Robinson, Christopher T., additional, Santamans, Anna C., additional, Simiyu, Gelas M., additional, Skuja, Agnija, additional, Smykla, Jerzy, additional, Sponseller, Ryan A., additional, Teixeira‐de Mello, Franco, additional, Vilbaste, Sirje, additional, Villanueva, Verónica D., additional, Webster, Jackson R., additional, Woelfl, Stefan, additional, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., additional, Yates, Adam G., additional, Yule, Catherine M., additional, Zhang, Yixin, additional, and Zwart, Jacob A., additional

Published
2022
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16. A synthesis of floodplain aquatic ecosystem metabolism and carbon flux using causal criteria analysis.

Author

McInerney, Paul J., Giling, Darren P., Wolfenden, Ben, and Sengupta, Ashmita

Subjects
*FLOODPLAINS, *CARBON metabolism, *METABOLIZABLE energy values, *WETLANDS, *HABITATS, *RIVER channels, *ECOSYSTEMS, *SOLAR energy
Abstract

The transformation of solar energy into organic matter by autotrophs (gross primary production [GPP]) and the use of that energy by autotrophs and heterotrophs (ecosystem respiration [ER]) describe the total energy available to support food webs. Rates of GPP and ER vary with temperature, light, hydrology, nutrients, and organic matter supply and quality yet despite their obvious importance, spatiotemporal variation of metabolic patterns among floodplain habitats, and their relationship to inundation dynamics remain unclear. We set out to review the peer‐reviewed literature surrounding the influence of the magnitude, frequency, and duration of floodplain inundation on aquatic ecosystem metabolism and carbon flux by rigorously testing a suite of cause–effect hypotheses using a causal criteria analysis. Causal criteria analysis is a literature synthesis approach developed to address a lack of experimental data and subsequent weak inference of causal relationships. We found support for 3 of the 14 hypotheses we tested relating to putative causal relationships: (1) large floods transfer more carbon from floodplains to the river channel than small floods via the increase in inundation area leading to more overall leaching of floodplain litter, (2) in high turbidity floodplain habitats rates of GPP are reduced by restrictions to photic depth, and (3) a positive correlation between nutrients and GPP—generally GPP in floodplain wetlands increases with nutrient levels. We obtained inconsistent evidence for a causal relationship between macrophytes and aquatic GPP, with studies reporting both a negative influence from decreased light caused by macrophyte shading and a positive influence from structural support provided by macrophytes for periphyton growth. For the remaining 10 hypotheses, there was insufficient evidence to support causal relationships, including for any hypotheses relating to frequency or duration of floodplain inundation. Our results emphasize that despite an apparent wealth of metabolic studies in riverine ecosystems, floodplain metabolic dynamics remain poorly studied, likely due to less investment and increased difficulty compared to lotic waters. The review also highlighted aspects of floodplain aquatic ecosystem metabolism for which there are significant knowledge gaps in the literature, in particular metabolic responses to inundation frequency and duration. Our results call attention to the importance of site specificity and temporal changes when predicting putative cause–effect relationships between floodplain inundation and metabolic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. A cross-scale assessment of productivity–diversity relationships

Author

Craven, Dylan, van der Sande, Masha T., Meyer, Carsten, Gerstner, Katharina, Bennett, Joanne M., Giling, Darren P., Hines, Jes, Phillips, Helen R.P., May, Felix, Bannar-Martin, Katherine H., Chase, Jonathan M., Keil, Petr, Craven, Dylan, van der Sande, Masha T., Meyer, Carsten, Gerstner, Katharina, Bennett, Joanne M., Giling, Darren P., Hines, Jes, Phillips, Helen R.P., May, Felix, Bannar-Martin, Katherine H., Chase, Jonathan M., and Keil, Petr

Abstract

Aim: Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity vary across the globe, and considerable effort has been made to describe their relationships. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research has traditionally focused on how experimentally controlled species richness affects net primary productivity (S → NPP) at small spatial grains. In contrast, the influence of productivity on richness (NPP → S) has been explored at many grains in naturally assembled communities. Mismatches in spatial scale between approaches have fuelled debate about the strength and direction of biodiversity–productivity relationships. Here, we examine the direction and strength of the influence of productivity on diversity (NPP → S) and the influence of diversity on productivity (S → NPP) and how these vary across spatial grains. Location: Contiguous USA. Time period: 1999–2015. Major taxa studied: Woody species (angiosperms and gymnosperms). Methods: Using data from North American forests at grains from local (672 m2) to coarse spatial units (median area = 35,677 km2), we assess relationships between diversity and productivity using structural equation and random forest models, while accounting for variation in climate, environmental heterogeneity, management and forest age. Results: We show that relationships between S and NPP strengthen with spatial grain. Within each grain, S → NPP and NPP → S have similar magnitudes, meaning that processes underlying S → NPP and NPP → S either operate simultaneously or that one of them is real and the other is an artefact. At all spatial grains, S was one of the weakest predictors of forest productivity, which was largely driven by biomass, temperature and forest management and age. Main conclusions: We conclude that spatial grain mediates relationships between biodiversity and productivity in real-world ecosystems and that results supporting predictions from each approach (NPP → S and S → NPP) serve as an impetus for future studies testing underlying mechanism

Published
2020

20. Interactive effects of multiple drivers on ecosystem metabolism in a large-scale lake enclosure experiment

Author

GILING, Darren P., BERGER, Stella A., NEJSTGAARD, Jens C., FONVIELLE, Jeremy, SPERFELD, Erik, MINGUEZ, Laetitia, STEPHAN, Susanne, WALLES, Tim, BOICHÉ, Anatole, SINGER, Grabiel, GROSSART, Hans‐Peter, MISCHKE, Ute, SOLHEIM, Anne Lyche, GESSNER, Mark O., Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), and MINGUEZ, Laetitia

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

21. A cross‐scale assessment of productivity–diversity relationships

Author

Craven, Dylan, primary, Sande, Masha T., additional, Meyer, Carsten, additional, Gerstner, Katharina, additional, Bennett, Joanne M., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Hines, Jes, additional, Phillips, Helen R. P., additional, May, Felix, additional, Bannar‐Martin, Katherine H., additional, Chase, Jonathan M., additional, and Keil, Petr, additional

Published
2020
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22. Chapter One - A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn E., Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, Kroon, J.C.J.M. de, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nock, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, van Dam, Nicole M., van der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, A., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, Jochum, Malte, Eisenhauer, N., and Eisenhauer, N.

Subjects
Plant Ecology, Advances in Ecological Research
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2019

23. Science Advances

Author

Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuña, Vicenç, Albariño, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, María M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colón-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Villanueva, Veronica Díaz, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally, Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Verónica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., Frainer, André, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., García Lago, Liliana, García Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Gonçalves, José Francisco, Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graça, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guérold, François, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., LeRoy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., McKie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Miliša, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincón, José, Rîşnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodríguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Géza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., Zwart, Jacob A., School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Wetland ecology department (Seville, Espagne), Doñana biological station - CSIC (SPAIN), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – Uppsala, Sweden, Burdon, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), GRET, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratorio de Limnología [Bariloche], Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Limnology of Stratified Lakes, IGB-Neuglobsow, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, University of Bath [Bath], Yamanashi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Zagreb, VTT Information technology, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidate de Vigo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Department of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany, University of Southampton, Research Institute of New-Type Urbanization, Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Oakland University (USA), Kent State University, Imperial College London, Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Change Science Institute [Oak Ridge] (CCSI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA NORMAN USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of the Republic of Uruguay, Central Washington University, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Federal University of Tocantins, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Idaho State University, Watershed Protection Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Colby College, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, University of Georgia [USA], EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Cawthron Institute, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georgia Southern University, University System of Georgia (USG), Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Montana State University (MSU), Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Vigo, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), University of Leeds, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Entomology

Subjects
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, riparian zones, ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Carbon Cycle, CARBON, ekosysteemit, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, biomes, biomit, ddc:570, carbon cycle, Humans, STREAMS, Life Science, Human Activities, Riparian zones, TEMPERATURE, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SDG 15 - Life on Land, aquatic ecosystems, Science & Technology, WIMEK, hiilen kierto, vesiekosysteemit, Aquatic Ecology, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, rivers, Multidisciplinary Sciences, ekosysteemit (ekologia), Biomonitoring, articles, Science & Technology - Other Topics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystems, joet, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale. This research was supported by awards to S.D.T. from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Science [Secretaría de Educación Superior Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)] through the PROMETEO scholar exchange program, the Oakland University Research Development Grant program, and a Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation research grant. N.A.G. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful for open-access-publishing funds from Kresge Library at Oakland University and Queen’s University Belfast. This research was supported by awards to S.D.T. from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Science [Secretaría de Educación Superior Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)] through the PROMETEO scholar exchange program, the Oakland University Research Development Grant program, and a Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation research grant. N.A.G. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful for open-access-publishing funds from Kresge Library at Oakland University and Queen’s University Belfast.

Published
2019

24. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Flecker, Alex S., Acuña, Vicenç, Albariño, Ricardo J., Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay P., Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent J., Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, María M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colón-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Díaz Villanueva, Veronica, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally, Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Verónica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad, Frainer, André, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., García Lago, Liliana, García Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Gonçalves Jr., José Francisco, Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graça, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guérold, François, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., da Silva, Lemes, Leroux, Shawn J., LeRoy, Peter J. Lisi, MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., McKie, Brendan G., Medeiros, Adriana Oliveira, Meissner, Kristian, Miliša, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T.H.M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincón, José, Rîşnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodríguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Géza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B.M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., and Zwart, Jacob A.

Subjects
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480
Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

25. Chapter One - A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author

Eisenhauer, N., Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn E., Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, Kroon, J.C.J.M. de, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nock, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, van Dam, Nicole M., van der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, A., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, Jochum, Malte, Eisenhauer, N., Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn E., Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, Kroon, J.C.J.M. de, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nock, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, van Dam, Nicole M., van der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, A., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, and Jochum, Malte

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2019

26. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn E., Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, de Kroon, Hans, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nockr, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, van Dam, Nicole M., van der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, Alexandra, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, Jochum, Malte, Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn E., Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, de Kroon, Hans, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nockr, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, van Dam, Nicole M., van der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, Alexandra, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, and Jochum, Malte

Abstract

Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that humankind depends upon. In this chapter, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conser

Published
2019

27. A niche for ecosystem multifunctionality in global change research

Author

Giling, Darren P., Beaumelle, Lea, Phillips, Helen R. P., Cesarz, Simone, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ferlian, Olga, Gottschall, Felix, Guerra, Carlos, Hines, Jes, Sendek, Agnieszka, Siebert, Julia, Thakur, Madhav P., Barnes, Andrew D., Giling, Darren P., Beaumelle, Lea, Phillips, Helen R. P., Cesarz, Simone, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ferlian, Olga, Gottschall, Felix, Guerra, Carlos, Hines, Jes, Sendek, Agnieszka, Siebert, Julia, Thakur, Madhav P., and Barnes, Andrew D.

Abstract

Concern about human modification of Earth's ecosystems has recently motivated ecologists to address how global change drivers will impact the simultaneous provisioning of multiple functions, termed ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). However, metrics of EMF have often been applied in global change studies with little consideration of the information they provide beyond single functions, or how and why EMF may respond to global change drivers. Here, we critically review the current state of this rapidly expanding field and provide a conceptual framework to guide the effective incorporation of EMF in global change research. In particular, we emphasize the need for a priori identification and explicit testing of the biotic and abiotic mechanisms through which global change drivers impact EMF, as well as assessing correlations among multiple single functions because these patterns underlie shifts in EMF. While the role of biodiversity in mediating global change effects on EMF has justifiably received much attention, empirical support for effects via other biotic and physicochemical mechanisms are also needed. Studies also frequently stated the importance of measuring EMF responses to global change drivers to understand the potential consequences for multiple ecosystem services, but explicit links between measured functions and ecosystem services were missing from many such studies. While there is clear potential for EMF to provide novel insights to global change research, predictive understanding will be greatly improved by insuring future research is strongly hypothesis‐driven, is designed to explicitly test multiple abiotic and biotic mechanisms, and assesses how single functions and their covariation drive emergent EMF responses to global change drivers.

Published
2019

28. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Entomology, Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuna, Vicenc, Albarino, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, Maria M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colon-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Perez, Veronica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Diaz Villanueva, Veronica, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally A., Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Veronica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad, Frainer, Andre, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., Lago, Liliana Garcia, Garcia Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Goncalves, Jose Francisco, Jr., Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graca, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guerold, Francois, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., Leroy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., Mckie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Milisa, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincon, Jose, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodriguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Geza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., Zwart, Jacob A., Entomology, Tiegs, Scott D., Costello, David M., Isken, Mark W., Woodward, Guy, McIntyre, Peter B., Gessner, Mark O., Chauvet, Eric, Griffiths, Natalie A., Flecker, Alex S., Acuna, Vicenc, Albarino, Ricardo, Allen, Daniel C., Alonso, Cecilia, Andino, Patricio, Arango, Clay, Aroviita, Jukka, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., Barmuta, Leon A., Baxter, Colden V., Bell, Thomas D. C., Bellinger, Brent, Boyero, Luz, Brown, Lee E., Bruder, Andreas, Bruesewitz, Denise A., Burdon, Francis J., Callisto, Marcos, Canhoto, Cristina, Capps, Krista A., Castillo, Maria M., Clapcott, Joanne, Colas, Fanny, Colon-Gaud, Checo, Cornut, Julien, Crespo-Perez, Veronica, Cross, Wyatt F., Culp, Joseph M., Danger, Michael, Dangles, Olivier, de Eyto, Elvira, Derry, Alison M., Diaz Villanueva, Veronica, Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., Entrekin, Sally A., Espinosa, Rodrigo, Ethaiya, Diana, Ferreira, Veronica, Ferriol, Carmen, Flanagan, Kyla M., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad, Frainer, Andre, Friberg, Nikolai, Frost, Paul C., Garcia, Erica A., Lago, Liliana Garcia, Garcia Soto, Pavel Ernesto, Ghate, Sudeep, Giling, Darren P., Gilmer, Alan, Goncalves, Jose Francisco, Jr., Gonzales, Rosario Karina, Graca, Manuel A. S., Grace, Mike, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Guerold, Francois, Gulis, Vlad, Hepp, Luiz U., Higgins, Scott, Hishi, Takuo, Huddart, Joseph, Hudson, John, Imberger, Samantha, Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos, Iwata, Tomoya, Janetski, David J., Jennings, Eleanor, Kirkwood, Andrea E., Koning, Aaron A., Kosten, Sarian, Kuehn, Kevin A., Laudon, Hjalmar, Leavitt, Peter R., Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., Leroux, Shawn J., Leroy, Carri J., Lisi, Peter J., MacKenzie, Richard, Marcarelli, Amy M., Masese, Frank O., Mckie, Brendan G., Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, Meissner, Kristian, Milisa, Marko, Mishra, Shailendra, Miyake, Yo, Moerke, Ashley, Mombrikotb, Shorok, Mooney, Rob, Moulton, Tim, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Neres-Lima, Vinicius, Nieminen, Mika L., Nimptsch, Jorge, Ondruch, Jakub, Paavola, Riku, Pardo, Isabel, Patrick, Christopher J., Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., Pozo, Jesus, Pringle, Catherine, Prussian, Aaron, Quenta, Estefania, Quesada, Antonio, Reid, Brian, Richardson, John S., Rigosi, Anna, Rincon, Jose, Risnoveanu, Geta, Robinson, Christopher T., Rodriguez-Gallego, Lorena, Royer, Todd V., Rusak, James A., Santamans, Anna C., Selmeczy, Geza B., Simiyu, Gelas, Skuja, Agnija, Smykla, Jerzy, Sridhar, Kandikere R., Sponseller, Ryan, Stoler, Aaron, Swan, Christopher M., Szlag, David, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, Tonkin, Jonathan D., Uusheimo, Sari, Veach, Allison M., Vilbaste, Sirje, Vought, Lena B. M., Wang, Chiao-Ping, Webster, Jackson R., Wilson, Paul B., Woelfl, Stefan, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Yates, Adam G., Yoshimura, Chihiro, Yule, Catherine M., Zhang, Yixin X., and Zwart, Jacob A.

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

29. A cross-scale assessment of productivity-diversity relationships

Author

Craven, Dylan, primary, van der Sande, Masha T., additional, Meyer, Carsten, additional, Gerstner, Katharina, additional, Bennett, Joanne M., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Hines, Jes, additional, Phillips, Helen R. P., additional, May, Felix, additional, Bannar-Martin, Katherine H., additional, Chase, Jonathan M., additional, and Keil, Petr, additional

Published
2019
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30. Biodiversity of leaf litter fungi in streams along a latitudinal gradient

Author

Seena, Sahadevan, primary, Bärlocher, Felix, additional, Sobral, Olímpia, additional, Gessner, Mark O., additional, Dudgeon, David, additional, McKie, Brendan G., additional, Chauvet, Eric, additional, Boyero, Luz, additional, Ferreira, Verónica, additional, Frainer, André, additional, Bruder, Andreas, additional, Matthaei, Christoph D., additional, Fenoglio, Stefano, additional, Sridhar, Kandikere R., additional, Albariño, Ricardo J., additional, Douglas, Michael M., additional, Encalada, Andrea C., additional, Garcia, Erica, additional, Ghate, Sudeep D., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Gonçalves, Vítor, additional, Iwata, Tomoya, additional, Landeira-Dabarca, Andrea, additional, McMaster, Damien, additional, Medeiros, Adriana O., additional, Naggea, Josheena, additional, Pozo, Jesús, additional, Raposeiro, Pedro M., additional, Swan, Christopher M., additional, Tenkiano, Nathalie S.D., additional, Yule, Catherine M., additional, and Graça, Manuel A.S., additional

Published
2019
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31. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, Scott D., primary, Costello, David M., additional, Isken, Mark W., additional, Woodward, Guy, additional, McIntyre, Peter B., additional, Gessner, Mark O., additional, Chauvet, Eric, additional, Griffiths, Natalie A., additional, Flecker, Alex S., additional, Acuña, Vicenç, additional, Albariño, Ricardo, additional, Allen, Daniel C., additional, Alonso, Cecilia, additional, Andino, Patricio, additional, Arango, Clay, additional, Aroviita, Jukka, additional, Barbosa, Marcus V. M., additional, Barmuta, Leon A., additional, Baxter, Colden V., additional, Bell, Thomas D. C., additional, Bellinger, Brent, additional, Boyero, Luz, additional, Brown, Lee E., additional, Bruder, Andreas, additional, Bruesewitz, Denise A., additional, Burdon, Francis J., additional, Callisto, Marcos, additional, Canhoto, Cristina, additional, Capps, Krista A., additional, Castillo, María M., additional, Clapcott, Joanne, additional, Colas, Fanny, additional, Colón-Gaud, Checo, additional, Cornut, Julien, additional, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica, additional, Cross, Wyatt F., additional, Culp, Joseph M., additional, Danger, Michael, additional, Dangles, Olivier, additional, de Eyto, Elvira, additional, Derry, Alison M., additional, Villanueva, Veronica Díaz, additional, Douglas, Michael M., additional, Elosegi, Arturo, additional, Encalada, Andrea C., additional, Entrekin, Sally, additional, Espinosa, Rodrigo, additional, Ethaiya, Diana, additional, Ferreira, Verónica, additional, Ferriol, Carmen, additional, Flanagan, Kyla M., additional, Fleituch, Tadeusz, additional, Follstad Shah, Jennifer J., additional, Frainer, André, additional, Friberg, Nikolai, additional, Frost, Paul C., additional, Garcia, Erica A., additional, García Lago, Liliana, additional, García Soto, Pavel Ernesto, additional, Ghate, Sudeep, additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Gilmer, Alan, additional, Gonçalves, José Francisco, additional, Gonzales, Rosario Karina, additional, Graça, Manuel A. S., additional, Grace, Mike, additional, Grossart, Hans-Peter, additional, Guérold, François, additional, Gulis, Vlad, additional, Hepp, Luiz U., additional, Higgins, Scott, additional, Hishi, Takuo, additional, Huddart, Joseph, additional, Hudson, John, additional, Imberger, Samantha, additional, Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos, additional, Iwata, Tomoya, additional, Janetski, David J., additional, Jennings, Eleanor, additional, Kirkwood, Andrea E., additional, Koning, Aaron A., additional, Kosten, Sarian, additional, Kuehn, Kevin A., additional, Laudon, Hjalmar, additional, Leavitt, Peter R., additional, Lemes da Silva, Aurea L., additional, Leroux, Shawn J., additional, LeRoy, Carri J., additional, Lisi, Peter J., additional, MacKenzie, Richard, additional, Marcarelli, Amy M., additional, Masese, Frank O., additional, McKie, Brendan G., additional, Oliveira Medeiros, Adriana, additional, Meissner, Kristian, additional, Miliša, Marko, additional, Mishra, Shailendra, additional, Miyake, Yo, additional, Moerke, Ashley, additional, Mombrikotb, Shorok, additional, Mooney, Rob, additional, Moulton, Tim, additional, Muotka, Timo, additional, Negishi, Junjiro N., additional, Neres-Lima, Vinicius, additional, Nieminen, Mika L., additional, Nimptsch, Jorge, additional, Ondruch, Jakub, additional, Paavola, Riku, additional, Pardo, Isabel, additional, Patrick, Christopher J., additional, Peeters, Edwin T. H. M., additional, Pozo, Jesus, additional, Pringle, Catherine, additional, Prussian, Aaron, additional, Quenta, Estefania, additional, Quesada, Antonio, additional, Reid, Brian, additional, Richardson, John S., additional, Rigosi, Anna, additional, Rincón, José, additional, Rîşnoveanu, Geta, additional, Robinson, Christopher T., additional, Rodríguez-Gallego, Lorena, additional, Royer, Todd V., additional, Rusak, James A., additional, Santamans, Anna C., additional, Selmeczy, Géza B., additional, Simiyu, Gelas, additional, Skuja, Agnija, additional, Smykla, Jerzy, additional, Sridhar, Kandikere R., additional, Sponseller, Ryan, additional, Stoler, Aaron, additional, Swan, Christopher M., additional, Szlag, David, additional, Teixeira-de Mello, Franco, additional, Tonkin, Jonathan D., additional, Uusheimo, Sari, additional, Veach, Allison M., additional, Vilbaste, Sirje, additional, Vought, Lena B. M., additional, Wang, Chiao-Ping, additional, Webster, Jackson R., additional, Wilson, Paul B., additional, Woelfl, Stefan, additional, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., additional, Yates, Adam G., additional, Yoshimura, Chihiro, additional, Yule, Catherine M., additional, Zhang, Yixin X., additional, and Zwart, Jacob A., additional

Published
2019
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32. A niche for ecosystem multifunctionality in global change research

Author

Giling, Darren P., primary, Beaumelle, Léa, additional, Phillips, Helen R. P., additional, Cesarz, Simone, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Ferlian, Olga, additional, Gottschall, Felix, additional, Guerra, Carlos, additional, Hines, Jes, additional, Sendek, Agnieszka, additional, Siebert, Julia, additional, Thakur, Madhav P., additional, and Barnes, Andrew D., additional

Published
2018
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34. Delving deeper:Metabolic processes in the metalimnion of stratified lakes

Author

Giling, Darren P., Staehr, Peter A., Grossart, Hans Peter, Andersen, Mikkel René, Boehrer, Bertram, Escot, Carmelo, Evrendilek, Fatih, Gómez-Gener, Lluís, Honti, Mark, Jones, Ian D., Karakaya, Nusret, Laas, Alo, Moreno-Ostos, Enrique, Rinke, Karsten, Scharfenberger, Ulrike, Schmidt, Silke R., Weber, Michael, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Zwart, Jacob A., and Obrador, Biel

Subjects
MODEL, DYNAMICS, ORGANIC-MATTER, RESPIRATION, DISSOLVED-OXYGEN, WATER LAKE, PHYTOPLANKTON, PATTERNS, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM, HIGH-ELEVATION LAKE, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Abstract

Many lakes exhibit seasonal stratification, during which they develop strong thermal and chemical gradients. An expansion of depth-integrated monitoring programs has provided insight into the importance of organic carbon processing that occurs below the upper mixed layer. However, the chemical and physical drivers of metabolism and metabolic coupling remain unresolved, especially in the metalimnion. In this depth zone, sharp gradients in key resources such as light and temperature co-occur with dynamic physical conditions that influence metabolic processes directly and simultaneously hamper the accurate tracing of biological activity. We evaluated the drivers of metalimnetic metabolism and its associated uncertainty across 10 stratified lakes in Europe and North America. We hypothesized that the metalimnion would contribute highly to whole-lake functioning in clear oligotrophic lakes, and that metabolic rates would be highly variable in unstable polymictic lakes. Depth-integrated rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were modelled from diel dissolved oxygen curves using a Bayesian approach. Metabolic estimates were more uncertain below the epilimnion, but uncertainty was not consistently related to lake morphology or mixing regime. Metalimnetic rates exhibited high day-to-day variability in all trophic states, with the metalimnetic contribution to daily whole-lake GPP and ER ranging from 0% to 87% and

Published
2017

35. Flagship umbrella species needed for the conservation of overlooked aquatic biodiversity

Author

Cabral, Juliano S., Darwall, William, Ficetola, G. Francesco, Fisher, Judith L., Giling, Darren P., Gosselin, Marie-Pierre, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Jähnig, Sonja C., Jeschke, Jonathan M., Knopf, Klaus, Larsen, Stefano, Onandia, Gabriela, Pätzig, Marlene, Jarić, Ivan, Kalinkat, Gregor, Saul, Wolf-Christian, Singer, Gabriel, and Sperfeld, Erik

Published
2016

36. Flagship umbrella species needed for the conservation of overlooked aquatic biodiversity

Author

Kalinkat, Gregor, primary, Cabral, Juliano S., additional, Darwall, William, additional, Ficetola, G. Francesco, additional, Fisher, Judith L., additional, Giling, Darren P., additional, Gosselin, Marie‐Pierre, additional, Grossart, Hans‐Peter, additional, Jähnig, Sonja C., additional, Jeschke, Jonathan M., additional, Knopf, Klaus, additional, Larsen, Stefano, additional, Onandia, Gabriela, additional, Pätzig, Marlene, additional, Saul, Wolf‐Christian, additional, Singer, Gabriel, additional, Sperfeld, Erik, additional, and Jarić, Ivan, additional

Published
2016
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37. fluxweb: An R package to easily estimate energy fluxes in food webs.

Author

Gauzens, Benoit, Barnes, Andrew, Giling, Darren P., Hines, Jes, Jochum, Malte, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Rosenbaum, Benjamin, Wang, Shaopeng, Brose, Ulrich, and Goslee, Sarah

Subjects
BIODIVERSITY monitoring, ECOSYSTEMS, FOOD chains, SPECIES distribution, FLUX (Energy)
Abstract

Understanding how changes in biodiversity will impact the stability and functioning of ecosystems is a central challenge in ecology. Food web approaches have been advocated to link community composition with ecosystem functioning by describing the fluxes of energy among species or trophic groups. However, estimating such fluxes remain problematic because current methods become unmanageable as network complexity increases.We developed a generalization of previous indirect estimation methods assuming a steady‐state system (Hunt et al.,); the model estimates energy fluxes in a top‐down manner assuming system equilibrium; each node's losses (consumption and physiological) balances its consumptive gains. Jointly, we provide theoretical and practical guidelines to use the fluxweb R package (available on CRAN at https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/fluxweb/index.html). We also present how the framework can merge with the allometric theory of ecology (Brown, Gillooly, Allen, Savage, & West, ; to calculate fluxes based on easily obtainable organism‐level data (i.e., body masses and species groups—e.g., plants, animals), opening its use to food webs of all complexities. Physiological losses (metabolic losses or losses due to death other than from predation within the food web) may be directly measured or estimated using allometric relationships based on the metabolic theory of ecology, and losses and gains due to predation are a function of ecological efficiencies that describe the proportion of energy that is used for biomass production.The primary output is a matrix of fluxes among the nodes of the food web. These fluxes can be used to describe the role of a species, a function of interest (e.g., predation; total fluxes to predators), multiple functions, or total energy flux (system throughflow or multitrophic functioning). Additionally, the package includes functions to calculate network stability based on the Jacobian matrix, providing insight into how resilient the network is to small perturbations at steady state.Overall, fluxweb provides a flexible set of functions that greatly increase the feasibility of implementing food web energetic approaches to more complex systems. As such, the package facilitates novel opportunities for mechanistically linking quantitative food webs and ecosystem functioning in real and dynamic natural landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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41. Thermocline deepening boosts ecosystem metabolism: evidence from a large-scale lake enclosure experiment simulating a summer storm.

Author

Giling, Darren P., Nejstgaard, Jens C., Berger, Stella A., Grossart, Hans‐Peter, Kirillin, Georgiy, Penske, Armin, Lentz, Maren, Casper, Peter, Sareyka, Jörg, and Gessner, Mark O.

Subjects
*THERMOCLINES (Oceanography), *ECOSYSTEMS, *METABOLISM, *CYANOBACTERIA, *ALGAE
Abstract

Extreme weather events can pervasively influence ecosystems. Observations in lakes indicate that severe storms in particular can have pronounced ecosystem-scale consequences, but the underlying mechanisms have not been rigorously assessed in experiments. One major effect of storms on lakes is the redistribution of mineral resources and plankton communities as a result of abrupt thermocline deepening. We aimed at elucidating the importance of this effect by mimicking in replicated large enclosures (each 9 m in diameter, ca. 20 m deep, ca. 1300 m3 in volume) a mixing event caused by a severe natural storm that was previously observed in a deep clear-water lake. Metabolic rates were derived from diel changes in vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen concentrations using a Bayesian modelling approach, based on high-frequency measurements. Experimental thermocline deepening stimulated daily gross primary production ( GPP) in surface waters by an average of 63% for >4 weeks even though thermal stratification re-established within 5 days. Ecosystem respiration ( ER) was tightly coupled to GPP, exceeding that in control enclosures by 53% over the same period. As GPP responded more strongly than ER, net ecosystem productivity ( NEP) of the entire water column was also increased. These protracted increases in ecosystem metabolism and autotrophy were driven by a proliferation of inedible filamentous cyanobacteria released from light and nutrient limitation after they were entrained from below the thermocline into the surface water. Thus, thermocline deepening by a single severe storm can induce prolonged responses of lake ecosystem metabolism independent of other storm-induced effects, such as inputs of terrestrial materials by increased catchment run-off. This highlights that future shifts in frequency, severity or timing of storms are an important component of climate change, whose impacts on lake thermal structure will superimpose upon climate trends to influence algal dynamics and organic matter cycling in clear-water lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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45. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, Schielzeth, Holger, Barnes, Andrew D., Barry, Kathryn, Bonn, Aletta, Brose, Ulrich, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchmann, Nina, Buscot, François, Ebeling, Anne, Ferlian, Olga, Freschet, Grégoire T., Giling, Darren P., Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hines, Jes, Isbell, Forest, Koller-France, Eva, König-Ries, Birgitta, De Kroon, Hans, Meyer, Sebastian T., Milcu, Alexandru, Müller, Jörg, Nock, Charles A., Petermann, Jana S., Roscher, Christiane, Scherber, Christoph, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schnitzer, Stefan A., Schuldt, Andreas, Tscharntke, Teja, Türke, Manfred, Van Dam, Nicole M., Van Der Plas, Fons, Vogel, Anja, Wagg, Cameron, Wardle, David A., Weigelt, Alexandra, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wirth, Christian, and Jochum, Malte

Subjects
13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that humankind depends upon. In this chapter, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.

46. A niche for ecosystem multifunctionality in global change research.

Author

Giling DP, Beaumelle L, Phillips HRP, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Gottschall F, Guerra C, Hines J, Sendek A, Siebert J, Thakur MP, and Barnes AD

Subjects
Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Research trends
Abstract

Concern about human modification of Earth's ecosystems has recently motivated ecologists to address how global change drivers will impact the simultaneous provisioning of multiple functions, termed ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). However, metrics of EMF have often been applied in global change studies with little consideration of the information they provide beyond single functions, or how and why EMF may respond to global change drivers. Here, we critically review the current state of this rapidly expanding field and provide a conceptual framework to guide the effective incorporation of EMF in global change research. In particular, we emphasize the need for a priori identification and explicit testing of the biotic and abiotic mechanisms through which global change drivers impact EMF, as well as assessing correlations among multiple single functions because these patterns underlie shifts in EMF. While the role of biodiversity in mediating global change effects on EMF has justifiably received much attention, empirical support for effects via other biotic and physicochemical mechanisms are also needed. Studies also frequently stated the importance of measuring EMF responses to global change drivers to understand the potential consequences for multiple ecosystem services, but explicit links between measured functions and ecosystem services were missing from many such studies. While there is clear potential for EMF to provide novel insights to global change research, predictive understanding will be greatly improved by insuring future research is strongly hypothesis-driven, is designed to explicitly test multiple abiotic and biotic mechanisms, and assesses how single functions and their covariation drive emergent EMF responses to global change drivers., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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47. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.

Author

Eisenhauer N, Schielzeth H, Barnes AD, Barry K, Bonn A, Brose U, Bruelheide H, Buchmann N, Buscot F, Ebeling A, Ferlian O, Freschet GT, Giling DP, Hättenschwiler S, Hillebrand H, Hines J, Isbell F, Koller-France E, König-Ries B, de Kroon H, Meyer ST, Milcu A, Müller J, Nock CA, Petermann JS, Roscher C, Scherber C, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schnitzer SA, Schuldt A, Tscharntke T, Türke M, van Dam NM, van der Plas F, Vogel A, Wagg C, Wardle DA, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, and Jochum M

Abstract

Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.

Published
2019
Full Text
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