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1. Biomarker relationships with small bowel histopathology among malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study

Author

Ahmed, Kumail, Ahmed, Sheraz, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Alam, Md. Ashraful, Amadi, Beatrice, Begum, S.M. Khodeza Nahar, Besa, Ellen, Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Gazi, Md. Amran, Gilchrist, Carol A., Haque, Rashidul, Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hossain, Md. Shabab, Hotwani, Aneeta, Hussain, Shahneel, Iqbal, Junaid, Jakhro, Sadaf, Kabir, Furqan, Liu, Ta-Chiang, Mann, Barbara J., Mazumder, Ramendra Nath, Memon, Waheeda, Moskaluk, Christopher A, Qureshi, Abdul Khalique, Ragahavan, Shyam S, Rahman, Masudur, Rahman, Najeeb, Sadiq, Kamran, Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, Sullivan, Peter B, Tearney, Guillermo J., Umrani, Fayaz, Yilmaz, Omer H., Zyambo, Kanekwa, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Coomes, David, Abdalla, Marwa, Mweetwa, Monica, VanBuskirk, Kelley, Iqbal, Najeeha T, Ali, S Asad, Chandwe, Kanta, Das, Subhasish, Kelly, Paul, Shaikh, Nurmohammad, Tarr, Phillip I, and Denno, Donna M

Published
2024
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2. The Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biopsy Initiative (EEDBI) Consortium: mucosal investigations of environmental enteric dysfunction

Author

Ahmed, Kumail, Alam, Md Ashraful, Barnes, Barrett H, Begum, SM Khodeza Nahar, Borowitz, Stephen M, Chandwe, Kanta, Chipunza, Miyoba, Das, Subhasish, Denson, Lee A, Donowitz, Jeffrey R, Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Gazi, Md Amran, Gilchrist, Carol A, Haque, Rashidul, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hossain, Md Shabab, Hotwani, Aneeta, Iqbal, Junaid, Iqbal, Najeeha Talat, Jakhro, Sadaf, Kabir, Furqan, Mann, Barbara J, Mazumder, Ramendra Nath, Memon, Waheeda, Middleton, Jeremy P, Nayak, Uma, Oliphant, Sandra, Qureshi, Abdul Khalique, Rahman, Masudur, Rahman, Najeeb, Ramakrishnan, Girija, Sadiq, Kamran, Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, Umrani, Fayaz, Denno, Donna M, Ahmed, Sheraz, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Ali, S Asad, Amadi, Beatrice, Kelly, Paul, Lawrence, Sarah, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Marie, Chelsea, Moore, Sean R, Nataro, James P, Petri, William A, Jr, Sullivan, Peter B, and Tarr, Phillip I

Published
2024
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6. Gut microbiome communication with bone marrow regulates susceptibility to amebiasis

Author

Burgess, Stacey L., Leslie, Jhansi L., Uddin, Jashim, Oakland, David N., Gilchrist, Carol, Moreau, G. Brett, Watanabe, Koji, Saleh, Mahmoud, Simpson, Morgan, Thompson, Brandon A., Auble, David T., Turner, Stephen D., Giallourou, Natasa, Swann, Jonathan, Pu, Zhen, Ma, Jennie Z., Haque, Rashidul, and Petri, William A., Jr.

Subjects
Amebiasis -- Health aspects, Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Diarrhea -- Health aspects, Colitis -- Health aspects, Deoxycholic acid -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

The microbiome provides resistance to infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate that colonization with the intestinal bacterium Clostridium scindens protects from Entamoeba histolytica colitis via innate immunity. Introduction of C. scindens into the gut microbiota epigenetically altered and expanded bone marrow granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and resulted in increased intestinal neutrophils with subsequent challenge with E. histolytica. Introduction of C. scindens alone was sufficient to expand GMPs in gnotobiotic mice. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow from C. scindens-colonized mice into naive mice protected against amebic colitis and increased intestinal neutrophils. Children without E. histolytica diarrhea also had a higher abundance of Lachnoclostridia. Lachnoclostridia C. scindens can metabolize the bile salt cholate, so we measured deoxycholate and discovered that it was increased in the sera of C. scindens-colonized specific pathogen-free and gnotobiotic mice, as well as in children protected from amebiasis. Administration of deoxycholate alone increased GMPs and provided protection from amebiasis. We elucidated a mechanism by which C. scindens and the microbially metabolized bile salt deoxycholic acid alter hematopoietic precursors and provide innate protection from later infection with E. histolytica., Introduction Commensal intestinal bacteria may protect from infection (1, 2) by modulating bone marrow production of innate immune effector cells, including neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages (3-5). The host metabolome is [...]

Published
2020
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7. Biomarker relationships with small bowel histopathology among malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study

Author

Mahfuz, Mustafa, Coomes, David, Abdalla, Marwa, Mweetwa, Monica, VanBuskirk, Kelley, Iqbal, Najeeha T, Ali, S Asad, Chandwe, Kanta, Das, Subhasish, Kelly, Paul, Shaikh, Nurmohammad, Tarr, Phillip I, Denno, Donna M, Ahmed, Kumail, Ahmed, Sheraz, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Alam, Md. Ashraful, Amadi, Beatrice, Begum, S.M. Khodeza Nahar, Besa, Ellen, Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Gazi, Md. Amran, Gilchrist, Carol A., Haque, Rashidul, Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hossain, Md. Shabab, Hotwani, Aneeta, Hussain, Shahneel, Iqbal, Junaid, Jakhro, Sadaf, Kabir, Furqan, Liu, Ta-Chiang, Mann, Barbara J., Mazumder, Ramendra Nath, Memon, Waheeda, Moskaluk, Christopher A, Qureshi, Abdul Khalique, Ragahavan, Shyam S, Rahman, Masudur, Rahman, Najeeb, Sadiq, Kamran, Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, Sullivan, Peter B, Tearney, Guillermo J., Umrani, Fayaz, Yilmaz, Omer H., and Zyambo, Kanekwa

Abstract

Validated biomarkers could catalyze environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) research.

Published
2024
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8. The Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biopsy Initiative (EEDBI) Consortium: mucosal investigations of environmental enteric dysfunction

Author

Denno, Donna M, Ahmed, Sheraz, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Ali, S Asad, Amadi, Beatrice, Kelly, Paul, Lawrence, Sarah, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Marie, Chelsea, Moore, Sean R, Nataro, James P, Petri, William A, Sullivan, Peter B, Tarr, Phillip I, Ahmed, Kumail, Alam, Md Ashraful, Barnes, Barrett H, Begum, SM Khodeza Nahar, Borowitz, Stephen M, Chandwe, Kanta, Chipunza, Miyoba, Das, Subhasish, Denson, Lee A, Donowitz, Jeffrey R, Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Gazi, Md Amran, Gilchrist, Carol A, Haque, Rashidul, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hossain, Md Shabab, Hotwani, Aneeta, Iqbal, Junaid, Iqbal, Najeeha Talat, Jakhro, Sadaf, Kabir, Furqan, Mann, Barbara J, Mazumder, Ramendra Nath, Memon, Waheeda, Middleton, Jeremy P, Nayak, Uma, Oliphant, Sandra, Qureshi, Abdul Khalique, Rahman, Masudur, Rahman, Najeeb, Ramakrishnan, Girija, Sadiq, Kamran, Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, and Umrani, Fayaz

Abstract

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an asymptomatic acquired disorder characterized by upper small bowel inflammation, villus blunting, and gut permeability. It is a major contributor to poor growth in childhood as well as other highly consequential outcomes such as delayed neuorcognitive development. After decades of intermittent interest in this entity, we are now seeing a resurgence in the field of EED. However, recent studies have been hampered by a lack of investigation of the target tissue—the upper small bowel. In 2016, the EEDBI (Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Biopsy Initiative) Consortium was established as a common scientific platform across 3 independent EED biopsy cohort studies in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Zambia. Two centers in the United States recruited comparison groups of children undergoing endoscopy for clinical indications. The EEDBI Consortium goal was to augment the contributions of the individual centers and answer high-level questions amenable to analysis and interpretation across the studies. Here, we describe the Consortium and its cohorts and recruitment procedures across studies. We also offer details applicable to all papers in this supplement, which describe EED mucosal histology, morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics as well as histology relationship to pathogens and biomarkers.

Published
2024
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14. Children develop Immunity to cryptosporidiosis in a high transmission intensity area

Author

Petri, William A. O., primary, Hossain, Biplop, additional, Kabir, Mamun, additional, So, Hannah H, additional, Moreau, G. Brett, additional, Nayak, Uma, additional, Ma, Jennie Z, additional, Noor, Zannthan, additional, Faruque, ASG, additional, Alum, Masud, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Petri, William A, additional, and Gilchrist, Carol A, additional

Published
2023
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15. Specific Cryptosporidium antigens associate with reinfection immunity and protection from cryptosporidiosis

Author

Gilchrist, Carol A., primary, Campo, Joseph J., additional, Pablo, Jozelyn V., additional, Ma, Jennie Z., additional, Teng, Andy, additional, Oberai, Amit, additional, Shandling, Adam D., additional, Alam, Masud, additional, Kabir, Mamun, additional, Faruque, Abu S.G., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, and Petri Jr., William A., additional

Published
2023
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23. Addressing the Vocational/Employment Needs of Migrant Youth: Needs Assessment Report. A Pilot Survey of Secondary Migrant Youth and Vocational Programs in Connecticut and Nationwide.

Author

Connecticut Migratory Children's Program, Rocky Hill. and Gilchrist, Carol

Abstract

A pilot effort to assess vocational and employment needs of migrant youth in Connecticut included a survey of 719 migrant dropouts and students in grades 8-12 in the 4 areas of the state with the largest number of migrant families. Also, in-depth data for 150 students and dropouts were gathered from records and interviews. Results showed that although dropout rates fell in the 1980's, 20% of migrant students dropped out each year, usually in grade 9 or 10, coinciding with a drop in migrant student academic grades after grade 8. The poor academic performance of secondary students (averaging three grade levels behind in reading and two in math) contrasted with their unrealistically ambitious career goals, often influenced by unemployed parents. Only 3% of the migrant students were in vocational programs and 16% in college preparatory programs, versus 75% in general studies. Most had misconceptions about the training and education required for their career choice and had only limited work experience as clerks or unskilled laborers. Averaging three years in the migrant program, half were Spanish-language dominant and in bilingual or ESL programs. Most received instruction in English. A variety of vocational programs geared to disadvantaged youth were available in Connecticut. (SB)

Published
1983

24. ArfX2 GTPase Regulates Trafficking From the Trans-Golgi to Lysosomes and Is Necessary for Liver Abscess Formation in the Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica

Author

Saito-Nakano, Yumiko, Makiuchi, Takashi, Tochikura, Mami, Gilchrist, Carol A., Petri Jr, William A., and Nozaki, Tomoyoshi

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Arf GTPase, Entamoeba histolytica, Immunology, Protozoan Proteins, membrane traffic, Microbiology, liver abscess, QR1-502, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Cricetinae, Animals, Humans, Lysosomes, Original Research, trans-Golgi Network, stress resistance
Abstract

Entamoeba histolyticais the causative agent of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess in humans. The parasitic lifestyle and the virulence of the protist require elaborate biological processes, including vesicular traffic and stress management against a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by the host immune response. Although the mechanisms for intracellular traffic of representative virulence factors have been investigated at molecular levels, it remains poorly understood whether and how intracellular traffic is involved in the defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Here, we demonstrate that EhArfX2, one of the Arf family of GTPases known to be involved in the regulation of vesicular traffic, was identified by comparative transcriptomic analysis of two isogenic strains: an animal-passaged highly virulent HM-1:IMSS Cl6 andin vitromaintained attenuated avirulent strain. EhArfX2 was identified as one of the most highly upregulated genes in the highly virulent strain. EhArfX2 was localized to small vesicle-like structures and largely colocalized with the marker for the trans-Golgi network SNARE, EhYkt6, but neither with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperon, EhBip, nor the cis-Golgi SNARE, EhSed5, and Golgi-luminal galactosyl transferase, EhGalT. Expression of the dominant-active mutant form of EhArfX2 caused an increase in the number of lysosomes, while expression of the dominant-negative mutant led to a defect in lysosome formation and cysteine protease transport to lysosomes. Expression of the dominant-negative mutant in the virulentE. histolyticastrain caused a reduction of the size of liver abscesses in a hamster model. This defect in liver abscess formation was likely at least partially attributed to reduced resistance to nitrosative, but not oxidative stressin vitro. These results showed that the EhArfX2-mediated traffic is necessary for the nitrosative stress response and virulence in the host.

Published
2021
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28. A mutation in the leptin receptor is associated with Entamoeba histolytica infection in children

Author

Duggal, Priya, Guo, Xiaoti, Haque, Rashidul, Peterson, Kristine M., Ricklefs, Stacy, Mondal, Dinesh, Alam, Faisal, Noor, Zannatun, Verkerke, Hans P., Marie, Chelsea, Leduc, Charles A., Myers, Martin G. Jr., Leibel, Rudolph L., Houpt, Eric, Gilchrist, Carol A., Sher, Alan, Porcella, Stephen F., and Petri, William A. Jr.

Subjects
Gene mutations -- Health aspects -- Research -- Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects, Hormone receptors -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research -- Health aspects, Children -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Entamoeba histolytica -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research -- Physiological aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Malnutrition substantially increases susceptibility to Entamoeba histolytica in children. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes that inhibits food intake, influences the immune system, and is suppressed in malnourished children. Therefore we hypothesized that diminished leptin function may increase susceptibility to E. histolytica infection. We prospectively observed a cohort of children, beginning at preschool age, for infection by the parasite E. histolytica every other day over 9 years and evaluated them for genetic variants in leptin (LEP) and the leptin receptor (LEPR). We found increased susceptibility to intestinal infection by this parasite associated with an amino acid substitution in the cytokine receptor homology domain 1 of LEPR. Children carrying the allele for arginine (223R) were nearly 4 times more likely to have an infection compared with those homozygous for the ancestral glutamine allele (223Q). An association of this allele with amebic liver abscess was also determined in an independent cohort of adult patients. In addition, mice carrying at least 1 copy of the R allele of Lepr were more susceptible to infection and exhibited greater levels of mucosal destruction and intestinal epithelial apoptosis after amebic infection. These findings suggest that leptin signaling is important in mucosal defense against amebiasis and that polymorphisms in the leptin receptor explain differences in susceptibility of children in the Bangladesh cohort to amebiasis., Introduction The biological mechanisms by which malnutrition contributes to an estimated one-third of all deaths among children (1) and 60% of deaths due to diarrhea (2) are poorly understood (1). [...]

Published
2011
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29. Nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in infants is associated with mucosal IgA against the sporozoite and protection from malnutrition

Author

Kabir, Mamun, primary, Alam, Masud, additional, Nayak, Uma, additional, Arju, Tuhinur, additional, Hossain, Biplob, additional, Tarannum, Rubaiya, additional, Khatun, Amena, additional, White, Jennifer A., additional, Ma, Jennie Z., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Petri, William A., additional, and Gilchrist, Carol A., additional

Published
2021
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31. The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica

Author

Loftus, Brendan, Anderson, Iain, Davies, Rob, Alsmark, U. Cecilia M., Samuelson, John, Amedeo, Paolo, Roncaglia, Paola, Berriman, Matt, Hirt, Robert P., Mann, Barbara J., Nozaki, Tomo, Suh, Bernard, Pop, Mihai, Duchene, Michael, Ackers, John, Tannich, Egbert, Leippe, Matthias, Hofer, Margit, Bruchhaus, Iris, Willhoeft, Ute, Bhattacharya, Alok, Chillingworth, Tracey, Churcher, Carol, Hance, Zahra, Harris, Barbara, Harris, David, Jagels, Kay, Moule, Sharon, Mungall, Karen, Ormond, Doug, Squares, Rob, Whitehead, Sally, Quail, Michael A., Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Norbertczak, Halina, Price, Claire, Wang, Zheng, Guillen, Nancy, Gilchrist, Carol, Stroup, Suzanne E., Bhattacharya, Sudha, Lohia, Anuradha, Foster, Peter G., Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Weber, Christian, Singh, Upinder, Mukherjee, Chandrama, El-Sayed, Najib M., Petri, Jr, William A., Clark, C. Graham, Embley, T. Martin, Barrell, Bart, Fraser, Claire M., and Hall, Neil

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Brendan Loftus (corresponding author) [1]; Iain Anderson [1]; Rob Davies [2]; U. Cecilia M. Alsmark [3]; John Samuelson [4]; Paolo Amedeo [1]; Paola Roncaglia [1]; Matt Berriman [2]; Robert [...]

Published
2005
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33. Molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis in children under 5 years from the Manhiça district, Southern Mozambique enrolled in a matched case-control study on the aetiology of diarrhoea

Author

Messa, Augusto, primary, Köster, Pamela C., additional, Garrine, Marcelino, additional, Gilchrist, Carol, additional, Bartelt, Luther A., additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Massora, Sérgio, additional, Kotloff, Karen, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Alonso, Pedro L., additional, Carmena, David, additional, and Mandomando, Inácio, additional

Published
2021
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39. Entamoeba bangladeshi nov. sp., Bangladesh

Author

Royer, Tricia L., Gilchrist, Carol, Kabir, Mamun, Arju, Tuhinur, Ralston, Katherine S., Haque, Rashidul, Clark, C. Graham, and Petri, William A., Jr.

Subjects
Amoeba -- Health aspects, Diarrhea -- Risk factors -- Demographic aspects, Epidemiology -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Diarrheal diseases have a major effect on global health, particularly the health of malnourished children (1). The enteric parasites Entamoeba histolytica and E. moshkovskii are potential causes [...]

Published
2012
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41. A Multilocus Sequence Typing System (MLST) reveals a high level of diversity and a genetic component to Entamoeba histolytica virulence

Author

Gilchrist Carol A, Ali Ibne Karim M, Kabir Mamun, Alam Faisal, Scherbakova Sana, Ferlanti Eric, Weedall Gareth D, Hall Neil, Haque Rashidul, Petri William A, and Caler Elisabet

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background The outcome of an Entamoeba histolytica infection is variable and can result in either asymptomatic carriage, immediate or latent disease (diarrhea/dysentery/amebic liver abscess). An E. histolytica multilocus genotyping system based on tRNA gene-linked arrays has shown that genetic differences exist among parasites isolated from patients with different symptoms however, the tRNA gene-linked arrays cannot be located in the current assembly of the E. histolytica Reference genome (strain HM-1:IMSS) and are highly variable. Results To probe the population structure of E. histolytica and identify genetic markers associated with clinical outcome we identified in E. histolytica positive samples selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by multiplexed massive parallel sequencing. Profile SNPs were selected which, compared to the reference strain HM-1:IMSS sequence, changed an encoded amino acid at the SNP position, and were present in independent E. histolytica isolates from different geographical origins. The samples used in this study contained DNA isolated from either xenic strains of E. histolytica trophozoites established in culture or E. histolytica positive clinical specimens (stool and amebic liver abscess aspirates). A record of the SNPs present at 16 loci out of the original 21 candidate targets was obtained for 63 of the initial 84 samples (63% of asymptomatically colonized stool samples, 80% of diarrheal stool, 73% of xenic cultures and 84% of amebic liver aspirates). The sequences in all the 63 samples both passed sequence quality control metrics and also had the required greater than 8X sequence coverage for all 16 SNPs in order to confidently identify variants. Conclusions Our work is in agreement with previous findings of extensive diversity among E. histolytica isolates from the same geographic origin. In phylogenetic trees, only four of the 63 samples were able to group in two sets of two with greater than 50% confidence. Two SNPs in the cylicin-2 gene (EHI_080100/XM_001914351) were associated with disease (asymptomatic/diarrhea p = 0.0162 or dysentery/amebic liver abscess p = 0.0003). This study demonstrated that there are genetic differences between virulent and avirulent E. histolytica strains and that this approach has the potential to define genetic changes that influence infection outcomes.

Published
2012
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42. Increased Fecal Lactobacillus Is Associated With a Positive Glucose Hydrogen Breath Test in Bangladeshi Children

Author

Donowitz, Jeffrey R, primary, Parikh, Hardik I, additional, Taniuchi, Mami, additional, Gilchrist, Carol A, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Kirkpatrick, Beth D, additional, Alam, Masud, additional, Kakon, Shahria Hafiz, additional, Islam, Bushra Zarin, additional, Afreen, Sajia, additional, Kabir, Mamun, additional, Nayak, Uma, additional, Colgate, E Ross, additional, Carmolli, Marya P, additional, and Petri, William A, additional

Published
2019
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43. Fecal Immunoglobulin A Against a Sporozoite Antigen at 12 Months Is Associated With Delayed Time to Subsequent Cryptosporidiosis in Urban Bangladesh: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Steiner, Kevin L, primary, Kabir, Mamun, additional, Priest, Jeffrey W, additional, Hossain, Biplob, additional, Gilchrist, Carol A, additional, Cook, Heather, additional, Ma, Jennie Z, additional, Korpe, Poonum S, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Faruque, A S G, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, and Petri, William A, additional

Published
2019
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44. Screening for coeliac disease in children and adults living in a slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Author

Gazi, Md. Amran, primary, Das, Subhasish, additional, Mahfuz, Mustafa, additional, Hasan, Md. Mehedi, additional, Hossain, Md. Shabab, additional, Fahim, Shah Mohammad, additional, Alam, Md. Ashraful, additional, Noor, Zannatun, additional, Gilchrist, Carol A, additional, Petri, William A, additional, Rahman, M Masudur, additional, Mazumder, Ramendra Nath, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Sarker, Shafiqul Alam, additional, and Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional

Published
2019
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49. Parasitic Protozoa and Interactions with the Host Intestinal Microbiota

Author

Burgess, Stacey L., Gilchrist, Carol A., Lynn, Tucker C., and Petri, William A.

Subjects
protozoa, Protozoan Infections, host pathogen, parasite, microbiota, Animals, Humans, Parasites, Minireview, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Host-Parasite Interactions
Abstract

Parasitic protozoan infections represent a major health burden in the developing world and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. These infections are often associated with considerable variability in clinical presentation. An emerging body of work suggests that the intestinal microbiota may help to explain some of these differences in disease expression. The objective of this minireview is to synthesize recent progress in this rapidly advancing field. Studies of humans and animals and in vitro studies of the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to infectious disease are discussed. We hope to provide an understanding of the human-protozoal pathogen-microbiome interaction and to speculate on how that might be leveraged for treatment.

Published
2017

50. Gut microbiome communication with bone marrow regulates susceptibility to amebiasis

Author

Burgess, Stacey L., primary, Leslie, Jhansi L., additional, Uddin, Md. Jashim, additional, Oakland, Noah, additional, Gilchrist, Carol, additional, Brett Moreau, G., additional, Watanabe, Koji, additional, Saleh, Mahmoud, additional, Simpson, Morgan, additional, Thompson, Brandon A., additional, Auble, David T., additional, Turner, Stephen D., additional, Giallourou, Natasa, additional, Swann, Jonathan, additional, Pu, Zhen, additional, Ma, Jennie Z., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, and Petri, William A., additional

Published
2018
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