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328 results on '"Gilbert, R. E."'

3. Screening For Down's Syndrome

Author

Venn-Treloar, Josephine, Whittle, Martin, Reynolds, Tim, Howe, David, Gilbert, R. E., Augood, C., Gupta, R., Logan, S., Ades, A. E., Sculpher, M., van der Meulen, J. H. P., Sachdev, Pooja, Bahl, Shubhra, Puliyel, Jacob M., and Simpson, John M.

Published
2002

9. Load-sensitive measures may overestimate global systolic function in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy: a comparison with load-insensitive measures

Author

Connelly, K.A., Prior, D.L., Kelly, D.J., Feneley, M.P., Krum, H., and Gilbert, R. E.

Subjects
Hypertension -- Research, Hypertension -- Testing, Echocardiography -- Analysis, Genetically modified animals -- Research, Genetically modified animals -- Analysis, Cardiovascular diseases -- Research, Cardiovascular diseases -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Transgenic animal models have provided a vital insight into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, but functional cardiac assessment is often limited by high heart rates and small heart size. We hypothesized that in the presence of concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), load-sensitive measures of contractility may be misinterpreted as overestimating global cardiac function, because the normal function of excess sarcomeres may displace a greater volume of blood during contraction. Conductance catheter technology was used to evaluate pressure-volume (P-V) relationships as a load-insensitive method of assessing cardiac function in vivo in 18-wk-old heterozygous (mRen-2)27 transgenic rats (a model of LVH), compared with age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) controls. Anesthetized animals underwent echocardiography followed by P-V loop analysis. Blood pressure, body weight, and heart rate were higher in the Ren-2 rats (P < 0.05). Load-sensitive measures of systolic function, including fractional area change, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and positive peak rate of LV pressure development, were greater in the Ren-2 than control animals (P < 0.05). Load-insensitive measures of systolic function, including the preload recruitable stroke work relationship and the end-systolic P-V relationship, were not different between Ren-2 and SD rats. Regional wall motion assessed by circumferential shortening velocity suggested enhanced circumferential fiber contractility in the Ren-2 rats (P = 0.02), but tissue Doppler imaging, used to assess longitudinal function, was not different between groups. Although conventional measures suggested enhanced systolic function in the Ren-2 rat, load-insensitive measures of contractility were not different between Ren-2 and SD animals. These findings suggest that the normal range of values for load-sensitive indexes of contractility needs to be altered according to the degree of LVH. To accurately identify changes in systolic function, we suggest that a combination of echocardiography with assessment of load-insensitive measures be used routinely. hypertension; conductance catheter; echocardiography; transgenic rat

Published
2006

41. Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom: to screen or not to screen? (Review)

Author

Gilbert, R. E. and Peckham, C. S.

Subjects
Medicine, Preventive -- Research -- Health aspects, Physical diagnosis -- Research -- Health aspects, Periodic health examinations -- Research -- Health aspects, Toxoplasmosis -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis -- Health aspects -- Research, Children -- Health aspects -- Research, Preventive health services -- Research -- Health aspects, Medical screening -- Practice -- Health aspects -- Research, Preventive health services for children -- Research -- Health aspects, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

The United Kingdom National Screening Committee recently reviewed the evidence for prenatal and neonatal screening for toxoplasma infection (1) and concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend screening in [...]

Published
2002

46. Screening for Down's syndrome: effects, safety, and cost effectiveness of first and second trimester strategies

Author

Gilbert, R E., Augood, C, Gupta, R, Ades, A E., Logan, S, Sculpher, M, and van der Meulen, J H P

Subjects
Medical tests -- Economic aspects, Down syndrome -- Diagnosis, Medical screening -- Evaluation -- Economic aspects, Health, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Economic aspects
Abstract

Abstract Objective To compare the effects, safety, and cost effectiveness of antenatal screening strategies for Down's syndrome. Design Analysis of incremental cost effectiveness. Setting United Kingdom. Main outcome measures Number [...]

Published
2001

47. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study

Author

Cook, A J C, Gilbert, R E., Buffolano, W, Zufferey, J, Petersen, E, Jenum, P A., Foulon, W, Semprini, A E., and Dunn, D T.

Subjects
Toxoplasmosis -- Risk factors, Pregnant women -- Diseases, Health, Diseases, Risk factors
Abstract

Abstract Objective To determine the odds ratio and population attributable fraction associated with food and environmental risk factors for acute toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Design Case-control study. Setting Six large European [...]

Published
2000

49. Trends in child maltreatment reply

Author

Gilbert, R. E., Fluke, J., O'Donnell, M., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., Brownell, M., Gulliver, P., Janson, Staffan, Sidebotham, P., Gilbert, R. E., Fluke, J., O'Donnell, M., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., Brownell, M., Gulliver, P., Janson, Staffan, and Sidebotham, P.

Published
2012
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