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This research shows, on a wide dataset of students, that evaluation methods to promote active learning improve students' academic success and performance. On a database of 4622 engineering and design students, we demonstrate that this result holds when correcting the selection bias--more engaged students opt for active learning. The intriguing result is that the percentage of students that opt for active learning decreases along time. The discussion points to the role of faculty as crucial to decrease the resistance of students to active learning. The general methodological approach in this paper may be useful to assess the performance of any change in a subject's evaluation.

Aims: The main goal of this research is to identify, through expert consensus, the key factors that determine the span of control (SOC) of first‐line nurse managers (FLNMs) in the Spanish healthcare system. Background: The SOC is a management concept which has usually been defined as the number of subordinates reporting to a superior. In nursing, however, it is much more complex. This complexity is shaped by various factors related to patients, healthcare professionals and organisational structures. Nursing leaders must thoroughly consider these factors and their determinants, which necessitate a comprehensive assessment. Given the significant impact an inadequate SOC can have on patients, professionals and the organisation, it would be beneficial to address this issue. In nursing, studies on this subject are practically nonexistent and focus solely on the number of subordinates, highlighting the need for research in this area. Methods: Between September and December 2022, a Delphi study was conducted. Forty‐five experts were invited to participate. The study involved nurse administrators, FLNMs, university professors, renowned researchers and other non–health professionals related to health management. The participants completed an online survey over three phases. Factor analysis was performed on the items for which consensus was reached. The jamovi software version 2.3.15 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 35 experts participated in at least one of the three phases of the Delphi study. Following a comprehensive analysis of the identified factors, a consensus was reached on 31 of them. These were subsequently grouped into four categories: unit category (16 items, including complexity, resource management, conflicts and protocolisation and monitoring of activities), professional category (five items: number of staff, staffing stability and skill level and diversity of staff), FLNM category (four items: autonomy, experience and education and leadership style) and organisation category (six items: digitisation and information systems, education, research and implementation evidence‐based practice and performing guards). Conclusions: Our research shows a high degree of consensus amongst participants in identifying the determinants and degree of relevance of SOC‐related aspects. Although SOC is not currently assessed, all stakeholders agree that there are a large number of variables that should be considered when appointing a FLNM. Implications for Nurse Managers: Nursing managers can better assess the health of the organisation and improve performance by understanding the factors that influence the SOC of FLNMs. Due to the lack of previous studies, understanding these factors will allow the development of methods and tools tailored to the characteristics of different health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the dimensions and consequences of the burden of caregivers of patients with SMD (Severe Mental Disorder) and the repercussions that this role has on their quality of life and health in the physical, psychic and social spheres. This is a descriptive cross‐sectional study and inferential observational study which explores caregivers of patients with SMD admitted to Psychiatry Day Hospital (Huesca, Spain). The technique of consecutive cases was used as a technique for sampling and sample selection. An individualized interview was arranged, where sociodemographic data were collected and scales and instruments were administered. 52 caregivers met the inclusion criteria. The female sex predominates (67%), being the patient's mother (48%). The average age of caregivers is 60 years old. Almost 60% of the sample presents intense burden and alterations of general mental health, 77% reveal anxiety and depression, and 46% little social support. Burden is associated with hospitalization within the last year, anxiety, or total social support received. It is appreciated how the diagnosis of a chronic disease constitutes an important challenge for the patient and their family, due to the burden of the disease and the impact of the new routines imposed by the continuous treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptualization of the stakeholders of the companies for the fulfillment of the objectives of sustainable development is controversial, even more so, if it is approached from the perspective of corporate social responsibility and the psychology of the employees and their behavior. The existing literature and knowledge on the relationship among the stakeholder approach, corporate social responsibility and the achievement of the SDGs remain unstructured and fragmented. The objective of the manuscript is to identify and systematize scientific research on the stakeholder approach with respect to corporate social responsibility, in order to achieve business sustainability, in response to sustainable development goals and from the perspective of the well‐being of workers. Our main contribution to the literature review is to focus on all these issues together, and not in isolation. A systematic literature search is conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyzes (PRISMA). The approaches, issues and methodologies that predominate in the academic field in the last 5 years (2015–2021) were analyzed. Based on this review, we define a research agenda that synthesizes key trends and promising lines of research for further advancement of theoretical and empirical knowledge on the relationship among stakeholders, corporate social responsibility, and human resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Although Spanish adolescents recognize that reiterative alcohol abuse has negative consequences over consumers and society in general, the percentages of teenagers who get drunk during the weekends keep alarming high. Young people are exposed to a wide range of messages about the externalities related to alcohol consumption whose connotation and importance are divergent. Our main goal is to analyze which channels are the most effective to reduce alcohol abuse. To that end, we focus on a theoretical framework which combines the forming of risk perceptions with the decision of consuming alcoholic beverages. We focus on young people because alcohol consumption patterns consolidate in adolescence and adolescents are also highly sensitive to peerpressure, and in general, to social forces. Materials and methods The main contribution of this paper lies in analyzing how the different sources of information (relatives, friends, teachers, official organism, mass media, seminars, hooked people and publications) configure risk perceptions. To address the issue of endogeneity between risk perception and risky behaviors, we consider a simultaneous equation system, and to analyze the robustness of the results, we carry out two more different specifications: a model in which these endogenous variables are included but treated as exogenous and a model in which these variables are excluded. We have drawn sub-populations of 21344, 26530 and 25521 high-school students from the Spanish National Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population 2000, 2002 and 2004. We have also used the Harmonised Consumer Price Indexes (HCPI) as a proxy of the alcoholic beverages' prices. These indexes, provided by the Spanish National Statistical Institute, are statistical measures which summarize the evolution of the acquisition capacity of the resident population in Spain to buy alcoholic drinks across Spanish provinces (n=50). Because these indexes also compute for geographical and temporal differences (for example, some Spanish provinces are important wine producers or some years have been specially good or bad for the agricultural sector given weather or economic conditions), we have introduced time and geographical dummy variables in order to control for these two dimensions. Results Our results validate the theoretical framework. The riskier the students consider the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the lower is their alcohol demand. This empirical evidence is fundamental in justifying the design of public polices oriented to inform young people about the real risks of consuming drugs. This paper also brings to light that the most effective channels to inform young people are official organisms, parents and siblings, mass media, talks and seminars, and teachers. The other way around, friends seem to exert a negative influence. The main conclusion we draw from these results is that alcohol consumption is a social issue. To design effective anti-drug policies, we have to take into account adolescents' social environments: families, friends and schools, among others. It is fundamental to inform parents and teachers, and in general to reach the highest population section as possible. The good piece of news is that people who surround adolescence are getting more and more involved with their education; parents and teachers are sharing the responsibility of informing adolescents about drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]