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This study evaluates the functional characteristics of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracts produced by various strains of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (LPG1, 119, 13B4, and Lp13) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp15) isolated from table olives. None of the EPS crude extracts showed cytotoxicity when administered to THP-1 human macrophage cells at dosages ranging from 6.25 to 50 mug mL-1. Many exhibited anti-inflammatory properties (reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 production) and antioxidant activity (reduction of ROS%) when macrophages were stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the EPS extract produced by the L. pentosus LPG1 strain had the best results corroborated by western blot immune analysis for differential expression of COX-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1 proteins, with the most significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response observed at a dosage of 50 mug mL-1. Chemical analysis revealed that the EPS extract produced by this strain contains a heteropolymer composed of mannose (35.45%), glucose (32.99%), arabinose (17.93%), xylose (7.48%), galactose (4.03%), rhamnose (1.34%), and fucose (0.77%). Finally, we conducted response surface methodology to model the EPS extract production by L. pentosus LPG1 considering pH (3.48-8.52), temperature (16.59-33.41 °C) and salt concentration (0.03-8.77% NaCl) as independent variables. The model identified linear effects of salt and pH and quadratic effects of salt as significant terms. The maximum EPS extract production (566 mg L-1) in a synthetic culture medium (MRS) was achieved at pH 7.5, salt 7.0%, and a temperature of 20 °C. These findings suggest the potential for novel applications for the EPS produced by L. pentosus LPG1 as nutraceutical candidates for use in human diets.

Table olives are the most important fermented vegetable in the Mediterranean countries. In a continuous effort to improve the quality of this food, this work applies an experimental design with four variables to study the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 2.85 µL/L) in combination with a light heat shock (65 °C, 5 min) and dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC, 83 mg/L), during the processing of Spanish style and natural table olives. Fruits processed in the Spanish style exhibited higher moisture levels, luminance, and combined acidity. On the contrary, natural olives contained more sugars, had a firmer texture, and displayed a greener colour. Our results show that applying 1-MCP, heat shock, and DMDC can positively impact the processing of Spanish style and natural table olives and influence their physicochemical characteristics. Adding DMDC to the initial brine caused colour degradation but lowered the pH. Using 1-MCP with a light heat shock improved the sugar content and luminance of olives and increased the titratable acidity in the brine. Applying 1-MCP to the Spanish style enhanced the luminosity (brightness) and, when combined with DMDC, led to the lowest pH levels. Further research at an industrial scale is necessary to validate these results and study their influence on microorganisms. These treatments could have applications in developing new table olive processing methods that allow for more predictable products.

Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, has not been investigated yet. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiods on OXLs metabolites in healthy and obesogenic conditions. Moreover, we evaluated if the impact of proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota on OXLs metabolism is influenced by photoperiod in obesity. To this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were housed under different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h light, L12: 12 h light or L18:18 h light) and fed either a standard chow diet (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, obese rats were daily administered with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX), an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or with their combination. CAF feeding and ABX treatment affected OXLs in a photoperiod dependent-manner. GSPE significantly altered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, only under L6 and mitigated ABX-mediated effects only under L18. In conclusion, photoperiods affect OXLs levels influenced by gut microbiota. This is the first time that the effects of photoperiod on OXLs metabolites have been demonstrated.

When defining the hydrographic network of a basin, it is important to precisely locate the beginnings of the channels, since this position influences different aspects of the dynamics of a basin.Currently, the evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)and the existence of Digital Surface Models (DSM) makeit possibletoextract drainage networks automatically, however, on many occasions,these results require verification in fieldor in different sources of information to validate and achieve greater precision. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine and evaluate the optimum location threshold of the channels heads location of upperbasin of La Ventana stream (Buenos Aires, Argentina) through the use of aDSM. To evaluate the suitability of the automatic models obtained, the results were compared with high-resolution satellite images and field control. In turn, morphometric indices were used to determine the variationsin the hydrological response of each model.The main results indicate variations both in the length and in the number of sections according to the threshold that affect the results of each index. Is highlighted theimportance ofchoosing an optimal threshold to obtain the drainage network model that is most consistent with reality from which valid and specific data can be extracted, A la hora de definir la red hidrográfica de una cuenca es importante localizar de manera precisa los inicios de los cauces ya que esta posición influye en distintos aspectos de la dinámica de una cuenca. En la actualidad ,la evolución de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)y la existencia de los Modelos Digitales de Superficie(MDS) hacen posible la extracción de las redes de drenaje de manera automática, sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones, estos resultados requieren de su constatación en campo o en distintas fuentes de información para validar y lograr una mayor precisión. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar y evaluar el umbral óptimo de localización de los inicios de cauces de la cuenca alta del arroyo La Ventana (Buenos Aires, Argentina) a través de la utilización de un MDS. Para evaluarla idoneidad de los modelos automáticos obtenidos se compararon los resultados obtenidos con imágenes satelitales de alta resolución y control en campo. A su vez, se utilizaron índices morfométricos para determinar las variaciones en la respuesta hidrológica de cada modelo. Los principales resultados indican variaciones tanto en la longitud como en el número de tramos según umbral que repercuten en los resultados de cada índice. Se destaca la importancia de la elección de un umbral óptimo para la obtención del modelo de red de drenaje más acorde con la realidad a partir del cual se puedan extraer datos válidos y concretos.

Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and sulphite-reducing Clostridium were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as Citrobacter gillenii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Hafnia paralvei, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, and Shewanella. Three of these genera (Citrobacter, Hafnia, and Pseudomo

The fluvial system can be characterized from the application of geomorphological indicators. These allow understanding the dynamics of the system as well as carrying out a status diagnosis for good management. The aim of this work was to apply a group of geoindicators to diagnose and monitor the environmental status of the Oro basin (38° 4’ 56.9”S 61°56’ 24.17”W), Argentina. The geoindicators were grouped according to the application objective (diagnosis and monitoring) and the time scale (long, medium and short term). The field work was carried out during the period 2019 - 2021, which was the main input of information. The application of geoindicators in the medium and long term allowed the environmental characterization of the basin and recognition of the most important characteristics in terms of its fluvial dynamics, highlighting the variability of rainfall, which when it occurs in an extreme way, due to the morphometric characteristics of the basin, favors the occurrence of stream flooding events. In the short term, they allowed the identification of those indicators to be monitored to ensure optimal hydrogeomorphological quality, mainly in the riparian areas, which resulted in the highest degree of transformation., Les géoindicateurs sont des outils qui fournissent des informations quantitatives ou qualitatives sur une réalité complexe, permettant le suivi et l'évaluation d'un système environnemental. Dans le cas des systèmes fluviaux, ils sont utilisés pour caractériser et comparer différents bassins ou tronçons au sein d'un même et ainsi connaître la dynamique fluviale et prévoir les changements d'état futurs. Le but de cet article est d'appliquer un groupe de géoindicateurs dans le bassin d'Oro (Système Ventania, Argentine) pour diagnostiquer et surveiller son état environnemental. Ces géoindicateurs ont été regroupés selon l'objectif de l'application (diagnostic ou suivi) et l'échelle de temps (long, moyen et court terme). La principale contribution à l'application a été le travail de terrain effectué au cours de la période 2019 - 2021. L'application des géoindicateurs à moyen et long terme a permis la caractérisation environnementale du bassin et la reconnaissance des caractéristiques les plus importantes en termes de sa dynamique. , tandis que les géoindicateurs. À court terme, ils ont permis d'identifier les aspects à surveiller pour assurer une qualité hydrogéomorphologique optimale, principalement dans les zones riveraines, qui sont celles qui ont entraîné le plus haut degré de transformation., El sistema fluvial puede ser caracterizado a partir de la aplicación de indicadores geomorfológicos. Estos permiten comprender la dinámica del sistema como así también realizar un diagnóstico de estado para una buena gestión. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aplicar un grupo de geoindicadores para diagnosticar y monitorear el estado ambiental de la cuenca del Oro (38° 4’ 56,9”S61°56’ 24,17”O), Argentina. Los geoindicadores se agruparon según el objetivo de aplicación (diagnóstico y monitoreo) y la escala temporal (a largo, mediano y corto plazo). Se realizó el trabajo de campo durante el periodo 2019 – 2021, el cual fue el principal insumo de información. La aplicación de geoindicadores a mediano y largo plazo permitió caracterizar ambientalmente la cuenca y reconocer las características más importantes en cuanto a su dinámica fluvial, destacándose la variabilidad de las precipitaciones, las cuales cuando ocurren de manera extrema, debido a las características morfométricas de la cuenca, favorece la ocurrencia de eventos de crecidas de los arroyos. A corto plazo permitieron identificar aquellos indicadores a monitorear para asegurar una calidad hidrogeomorfológica óptima principalmente en las áreas ribereñas, las que resultaron con el mayor grado de transformación.

Este proyecto de innovación docente, continuación del proyecto Innova 117 (2020-21), da visibilidad al medio del cómic y a su estudio en el contexto universitario a través de actividades didácticas y formativas dirigidas al estudiantado y al profesorado de las facultades de Filología y Educación. Incluye un club de lectura de cómic de contenido ético enmarcado en los principios de la Agenda 2030, una serie de talleres críticos impartidos por investigadores y estudiantes y varios talleres instrumentales de edición de audio, traducción y didáctica. El proyecto tiene como objetivos principales fomentar el aprendizaje creativo, colaborativo, horizontal y entre pares.

In this work, a total of 72 commercial table olive packages obtained from different international markets were analysed to determine their fungal biodiversity. Viable fungal counts ranged from the detection threshold (<1.6 log CFU/g in 25% of cases) to a maximum of 5.86 log CFU/g. Assignation of fungal taxonomy was carried out through a metataxonomic analysis of the ITS region, which revealed that almost half of the total sequences obtained from all packages corresponded to the Pichia genus (44.08%), followed by Citeromyces (14.45%), Candida (8.07%), and Wickerhamomyces (6.95%). In lower proportions were also detected other genera such as Starmerella (3.60%), Saccharomyces (2.24%), Debaryomyces (2.08%), and Dekkera (2.05%). The statistical analysis allowed to link certain taxa to specific types of elaboration (lye treated, green, and black natural olives), presentation (pitted, whole, or sliced samples), and packaging material/system (glass, PET, plastic bags, and vacuum). Likewise, Zygotorulaspora genus was especially sensitive to the presence of potassium sorbate, while other genera such as Sporobolomyces, Moniliella, and Gibellulopsis were more abundant in packages treated with this preservative. Lastly, potential pathogenic fungal genera such as Alternaria, Kodamaea, Lodderomyces, Malasessia, or Aspergillus were detected in low proportions (<0.3%), although with higher representation in some individual samples. Our results contribute to improving our knowledge of the fungal population associated with this ready-to-eat fermented vegetable, providing us a strong tool to assess the safety, stability, and quality of the final product.

In this work, metataxonomic-compositional data analysis was applied to study the influence of inoculation, type of ecosystem (brine or fruit), and time of fermentation (0, 24, and 83 days) on the bacterial composition dynamic during industrial Manzanilla Spanish-style green table olive fermentations. Differences in the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics between inoculated and spontaneous fermentations were scarce, except for the high lactic acid bacteria population (>10 million CFU/g) in the inoculated olive biofilms. The metataxonomic analysis showed eight relevant taxa (Lactiplantibacillus, Vibrio, Halolactibacillus, Aerococcus, Catenococcus, Salinivibrio, Alkalibacterium, and Marinilactibacillus) and absence of pathogens, but the microbiota composition markedly changed throughout fermentation. At the process onset, the main genera were Vibrio, Halolactibacillus, Marinilactibacillus, and Alkalibacterium, while Lactiplantibacillus was almost absent. Regardless of inoculation, Lactiplantibacillus became the predominant genus as the fermentation progressed, albeit Vibrio, Marinilactibacillus, Alkalibacterium, and Halolactibacillus also persisted until the end of the process (but did not cause spoilage). Ferrimonas genus was detected for the first time in table olives, being found in 71% of the samples. Besides, there was more bacterial biodiversity in the brine ecosystem than olive biofilms. Overall, inoculation led to more homogenous and equilibrated bacterial populations at the end of the process. This study expands the knowledge on the bacterial population changes occurring during industrial table olive fermentation, the differences between populations in brines and biofilms, and the beneficial effects of inoculation for using table olives as a carrier of beneficial microorganisms.

Introduction. About 80-95% of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop skin manifestations, which are markers of the patients’ immune status.Objective. To describe the dermatologic manifestations and the clinical and sociodemographic factors of hospitalized patients diagnosed with HIV and their correlation with CD4 T-lymphocyte count.Materials and methods. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of the medical records of 227 adult patients with HIV diagnosis evaluated by dermatology in a hospital in Medellín, Colombia.Results. We included 227 patient records with 433 dermatologic manifestations, 64.4% of them infectious. The most frequent manifestations were oral candidiasis, condylomata acuminata, and drug reactions. Moreover, a statistically significant relationship was found between disseminated herpes zoster virus and secondary syphilis with a CD4 count between 200-499 cells/mm3 (p=0.04 and 0.028, respectively). There was also a statistically significant relationship between oral candidiasis and a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/mm3 (p=0.008).Conclusions. The relationship between disseminated herpes zoster with CD4 between 200-499 cells/mm3 suggests that, despite having high CD4 counts, severe forms of the disease may occur due to possible T-cell dysfunction and depletion of the immune system. Additionally, the relationship between oral candidiasis and CD4 less than 100 cells/mm3 indicates the potential role of oral candidiasis as an essential marker of weakened immune status in HIV patients., Introducción. Entre el 80 y el 95 % de los pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) desarrollan manifestaciones en la piel que sirven como marcadores de su estado inmunológico.Objetivos. Describir las manifestaciones dermatológicas y los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de HIV y su correlación con el recuento de linfocitos T CD4.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional de corte transversal y retrospectivo a partir del registro de las historias clínicas de 227 pacientes mayores de edad con diagnóstico de HIV, evaluados por dermatología en un hospital de Medellín, Colombia.Resultados. Los 227 registros daban cuenta de 433 manifestaciones dermatológicas, el 64,4 % de ellas infecciosas. Las tres manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron candidiasis oral, condilomas acuminados y reacciones a medicamentos. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el virus del herpes zóster (HZ) diseminado y la sífilis secundaria, con un recuento de CD4 entre 200 y 499 células/mm3 (p=0,04 y 0,028, respectivamente), y entre la candidiasis oral y un recuento de CD4 menor de 100 células/mm3 (p=0,008). Conclusiones. La relación entre el herpes zóster diseminado y un recuento de CD4 entre 200 y 499 células/mm3 sugiere que, a pesar de los recuentos altos, se pueden presentar formas graves de la enfermedad debido a una posible disfunción de las células T y el agotamiento del sistema inmunológico. La relación entre la candidiasis oral y un recuento de CD4 menor de 100 células/mm3 plantea la posibilidad de considerar esta infección micótica como un marcador importante de debilitamiento inmunológico de los pacientes con HIV.