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AbstractWe presented the results on the efficacy of paroxetine in postpartum women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in current study. We included data on 33 patients to our study retrospectively. The patients were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition, the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale, the Hamilton Depression rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). The patients had significant improvement in both HAM-D and HAM-A scores following paroxetine treatment for 8 wk. The response and remission rates were 78.8 and 63.6%, respectively. Both rates were significantly higher the subgroup of patients without comorbid depression compared to patients with comorbid depression. Based on the findings of the present study, we suggest that paroxetine may be beneficial for in postpartum women with GAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The management of psychiatric patients is often complicated by medical comorbidities, complex pharmacological regimens, and side effects secondary to these regimens. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of trazodone on rat bladder smooth muscle contractility in vitro. Method: Sixteen adult male Wistar albino rats were euthanized by the cervical dislocation method following ether anesthesia. Two muscle strips of 2x10 mm in size were prepared vertically from the bladder by opening a longitudinal incision from the neck of the bladder in the direction of the apex. The strips were tied properly and hung in the organ bath. All contraction amplitudes and frequencies were recorded. After a 45-min adaptation period, contractions were induced by applying 10-5 M acetylcholine (ACh) to all spontaneously contracting bladder strips. After 20 min, doses of trazodone (10-9 M vs 10-3 M) were given cumulatively. The resulting effects were recorded. Results: The groups were compared within themselves: a significant difference was found between the initial tensions in the group with ACh-induced contractions and the tensions after the administration of trazodone at 10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, and 10-3 M doses (p<0.0001). In the group with spontaneous contractions, a significant difference was found between the initial tensions and the tensions after the administration of trazodone at 10-9, 10-8, 10-5, and 10-4 M doses (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results showed that trazodone had a significant inhibitory effect on bladder smooth muscle contractions in vitro, especially at concentrations of 10-4 and 10-3 M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of probable attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prisoners and to assess the relationship between ADHD and recidivism. We studied 356 inmates, who were evaluated using the Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale. Type of crime and other crime‐related data were compared between inmates with and without ADHD. The group with probable ADHD had a higher average number of convictions compared to the group without ADHD. The probable ADHD group also demonstrated higher incidence of extortion crime, drug trade, disciplinary action at school, and military service than the group without ADHD. Linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of probable ADHD was effective on the number of convictions. The findings of our study support that the presence of probable ADHD carries a potential risk of being prone to certain crimes and demonstrate a correlation between the presence of probable ADHD and early involvement in crime and the number of convictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on decision-making, facial emotion recognition, and clinical presentation of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In addition, it was examined whether certain cognitive impairments could be worsened by the presence of CSA. Method: Eighteen sexually abused BPD patients, 18 patients with BPD without CSA, and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. The Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to BPD patients. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), which is used to examine decision-making and emotional recognition, was administered to the patients and healthy controls. Results: In the emotion recognition test, the mean percentages of correct fear recognition were 33.5±14.6 for patients with CSA, 25.89±9.8 for patients without CSA, 26.8±7.4 for healthy controls. The mean percentage of correct fear recognition was higher in patients with CSA than in the other groups. There was no difference in the correct recognition of other emotions between the groups. The probability of risking a 10% chance of winning in patients with/without CSA and healthy controls averaged were 0.71±0.26, 0.33±0.28, and 0.25±0.20 respectively. The average risk-taking propability in patients with CSA was significantly higher than in other groups. A significant correlation was identified between BPI and CTQ scores. Conclusion: The present study supports the fact that CSA has significant effects on the clinical presentation and neurocognitive profiles of BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the changes in social cognition and other cognitive domains in ADHD comorbidity and to investigate the possible moderation role of these changes in OUD. A hundered inpatients with OUD were included in the study. Cognitive functions, severity of addiction and symptomatology of ADHD were evaluated. ASRS and API scores were in positive correlation and ASRS scores had a moderating effect on the relationship between craving score and emotion recognition. Our study shows that changes in social environment/cognition play an important role in the follow-up/treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with schizophrenia were found to be less successful at emotion recognition tasks (ERTs) than healthy individuals. There is a debate surrounding whether this deficit is permanent or temporary. The current study aims to assess how emotion recognition skills are affected by treatment processes and during the course of the disease and also to determine the relation of this change with clinical assessment scales, other cognitive functions, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four inpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have been included in the study. Patients were assessed before beginning clozapine and 6 months later. During both assessments, clinical evaluation scales (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) for schizophrenia which is used for assessment of cognitive functions were used. Electroencephalography (EEG) monitorings were performed only once before treatment. In this study, CANTAB ERT was used for emotion recognition. Results: There was no statistically significant change in the emotion recognition when the first and final ERTs were compared. There was a moderately positive relationship between emotional recognition and functioning (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). Cognitive functions such as visual memory, attention, flexible thinking, and planning were found to be in correlation with emotion recognition. Furthermore, slow waves such as delta and theta activities obtained from frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital regions were associated with emotion recognition. Conclusion: The current study supports that emotion recognition deficits are long-term stable features of schizophrenia, slow-wave electrical activity in the frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital areas in QEEG, and cognitive functions such as visual memory, attention, flexible thinking, and planning are found to be correlated with emotion recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the vaccination rates and vaccine hesitancy and the adoption of conspiracy theories by patients with severe mental illness in Türkiye., Methods: Ninety-eight outpatients with schizophrenia and 105 outpatients with bipolar disorder were included. A sociodemographical data form, a survey on beliefs and conspiracy theories on vaccines and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale were obtained. Vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were compared and evaluated separately for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder., Results: Sixty-one (62.24%) patients in the schizophrenia group and 86 (81.90%) patients in the bipolar disorder group were vaccinated, and the vaccination rate in the schizophrenia group was significantly lower ( P  = .002). There was no significant difference in terms of Vaccine Hesitancy Scale scores or adoption of any particular conspiracy theory between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar groups. However, vaccinated and unvaccinated patients of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder groups differed in terms of adopting beliefs and conspiracy theories on vaccines. Sixty-five (75.58%) of the vaccinated patients in the bipolar group agreed with the statement "vaccines are safe," while this rate was 8 (42.11%) in the unvaccinated patients ( P  = .004). In the schizophrenia group, however, the main difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was adopting the beliefs that "vaccines have serious side effects" and "vaccines may cause homosexuality" ( P  = .0341 and P  = .003, respectively)., Conclusion: The vaccination status of patients with schizophrenia might be under the stronger influence of conspiracy theories and specialized mental health interventions may be needed to ensure vaccination in patients with schizophrenia., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (2023 The authors.)