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8. Using trained dogs and organic semi-conducting sensors to identify asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

Author

Guest, Claire, Dewhirst, Sarah Y, Lindsay, Steve W, Allen, David J, Aziz, Sophie, Baerenbold, Oliver, Bradley, John, Chabildas, Unnati, Chen-Hussey, Vanessa, Clifford, Samuel, Cottis, Luke, Dennehy, Jessica, Foley, Erin, Gezan, Salvador A, Gibson, Tim, Greaves, Courtenay K, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Lambert, Sébastien, Last, Anna, Morant, Steve, Parker, Josephine E A, Pickett, John, Quilty, Billy J, Rooney, Ann, Shah, Manil, Somerville, Mark, Squires, Chelci, Walker, Martin, Logan, James G, Jones, Robert, Assis, Ana, Borthwick, Ewan, Caton, Laura, Edwards, Rachel, Heal, Janette, Hill, David, Jahan, Nazifa, Johnson, Cecelia, Kaye, Angela, Kirkpatrick, Emily, Kisha, Sarah, Ledeatte Williams, Zaena, Moar, Robert, Owonibi, Tolulope, Purcell, Benjamin, Rixson, Christopher, Spencer, Freya, Stefanidis, Anastasios, Stewart, Sophie, Tytheridge, Scott, Wakley, Sian, Wildman, Shanice, Aziz, Catherine, Care, Helen, Curtis, Emily, Dowse, Claire, Makepeace, Alan, Oultram, Sally-Anne, Smith, Jayde, Shenton, Fiona, Hutchins, Harry, Mart, Robert, Cartwright, Jo-anne, Forsey, Miranda, Goodsell, Kerry, Kittridge, Lauren, Nicholson, Anne, Ramos, Angelo, Ritches, Joanne, Setty, Niranjan, Vertue, Mark, Bergstrom, Malin, Chaudhary, Zain, De Wilton, Angus, Gaskell, Kate, Houlihan, Catherine, Jones, Imogen, Margaritis, Marios, Miralhes, Patricia, Owens, Leah, Rampling, Tommy, Rickman, Hannah, Boffito, Marta, Fernandez, Candida, Cotterell, Bryony, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Tsaknis, George, Turns, Margaret, Walsh, Joanne, Frankland, Lisa, West, Raha, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Wassall, Helen, Young, Megan, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwendolyn, Adlakha, Sanjay, Buckley, Philip, Allsop, Lynne, Smith, Susan, Sowter, Donna, Campbell, Alison, Jones, Julie, Laird, Steve, O’Toole, Sarah, Ryan, Courteney, Evans, Jessica, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Hazelton, Tracey, Dodgson, Andrew, Glasgow, Susannah, Kadiu, Denise, Lopuszansky, Orianne, Oommen, Anu, Prabhu, Joshi, Pursell, Molly, Turner, Jane, Walton, Hollie, Andrews, Robert, Cruickshank, Irena, Thompson, Catherine, Wainwright, Tania, Roebuck, Alun, Lawrence, Tara, Netherton, Kimberley, Hewitt, Claire, Shephardson, Sarah, Crasto, Winston Andrew, Lake, Judith, Musanhu, Rosemary, Walker, Rebecca, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Le Bas, Julie, Mackenzie, Nicola, Thatcher, Hilary, Beadle, Shannen, Buckley, Sarah, Castle, Gail, Fletcher, Aimee, Holbrook, Sara, Kane, Patricia, Lindley, Kate, Lowry, Tracey, Lupton, Stephanie, Oddy, Sharon, Slater, Lynda, Sylvester, Martin, Agwuh, Kenneth, Maxwell, Veronica, Ryder, Stephen, Topham, Kirsty, Egbuniwe, Obi, Matthews, Rebecca, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Prymas, Paulina, Severn, Abigail, Shaw, Amber, Begum, Safia, Lenton, Daniel, Scriven, James, Leeman, Lucy, Rudge, Karen, Storr, Emma, Alvarez, Ana, Forster, Kate, Hind, Daniel, Cook, Natalie, Peeling, Rosanna, Carey, Peter, Wilson, Anne, and Davis, Jane

Subjects
Volatile Organic Compounds, Dogs, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Animals, COVID-19, Humans, Mass Screening, General Medicine, Asymptomatic Infections, Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

Background A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry. Methods Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening. Results About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95–100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97–100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76–87) to 94% (95% CI 89–98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70–82) to 92% (95% CI 88–96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only. Conclusions People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people. Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Published
2022

13. Learning disability education in the common foundation programme

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Patients -- Care and treatment, Learning disabilities -- Study and teaching, Nursing education -- Study and teaching -- Curricula, Medical care -- Quality management, Company business management, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Summary This article outlines the taught learning disability component in the common foundation programme provided at one school of nursing in a large university. The taught component is designed to [...]

Published
2009

14. People with learning disabilities in mental health settings: providing service users who have learning disabilities with appropriate mental health care is a challenge for staff who do not have specialist knowledge or training

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Learning disabilities -- Care and treatment, Psychiatric services -- Services, Nurses -- Education -- Practice, Health, Health care industry, Psychology and mental health, Practice, Education, Care and treatment, Services
Abstract

Abstract Government policy proposes that health care for people with learning disabilities should be available in mainstream services, and disability discrimination legislation supports that intention. But mental health services and [...]

Published
2009

15. Curation and Analysis of Global Sedimentary Geochemical Data to Inform Earth History

Author

Mehra, Akshay, Keller, C. Brenhin, Zhang, Tianran, Tosca, Nicholas J., McLennan, Scott M., Sperling, Erik, Farrell, Una, Brocks, Jochen, Canfield, Donald, Cole, Devon, Crockford, Peter, Cui, Huan, Dahl, Tais W., Dewing, Keith, Emmings, Joseph F., Gaines, Robert R., Gibson, Tim, Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey J., Guilbaud, Romain, Hodgskiss, Malcom, Jarrett, Amber, Kabanov, Pavel, Kunzmann, Marcus, Li, Chao, Loydell, David K., Lu, Xinze, Miller, Austin, Mills, N. Tanner, Mouro, Lucas D., O'Connell, Brennan, Peters, Shanan E., Poulton, Simon, Ritzer, Samantha R., Smith, Emmy, Wilby, Philip, Woltz, Christina, and Strauss, Justin V.

Abstract

Large datasets increasingly provide critical insights into crustal and surface processes on Earth. These data come in the form of published and contributed observations, which often include associated metadata. Even in the best-case scenario of a carefully curated dataset, it may be non-trivial to extract meaningful analyses from such compilations, and choices made with respect to filtering, resampling, and averaging can affect the resulting trends and any interpretation(s) thereof. As a result, a thorough understanding of how to digest, process, and analyze large data compilations is required. Here, we present a generalizable workflow developed using the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project database. We demonstrate the effects of filtering and weighted resampling on Al2O3 and U contents, two representative geochemical components of interest in sedi-mentary geochemistry (one major and one trace element, respectively). Through our analyses, we highlight several methodological challenges in a "bigger data" approach to Earth science. We suggest that, with slight modifications to our workflow, researchers can confidently use large collections of observations to gain new insights into processes that have shaped Earth's crustal and surface environments.

Published
2021
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17. Curation and Analysis of Global Sedimentary Geochemical Data to Inform Earth History

Author

Mehra, Akshay, primary, Keller, C., additional, Zhang, Tianran, additional, Tosca, Nicholas, additional, McLennan, Scott, additional, Sperling, Erik, additional, Farrell, Una, additional, Brocks, Jochen, additional, Canfield, Donald, additional, Cole, Devon, additional, Crockford, Peter, additional, Cui, Huan, additional, Dahl, Tais, additional, Dewing, Keith, additional, Emmings, Joe, additional, Gaines, Robert, additional, Gibson, Tim, additional, Gilleaudeau, Geoffrey, additional, Guilbaud, Romain, additional, Hodgkiss, Malcolm, additional, Jarrett, Amber, additional, Kabanov, Pavel, additional, Kunzmann, Marcus, additional, Li, Chao, additional, Loydell, David, additional, Lu, Xinze, additional, Miller, Austin, additional, Mills, N., additional, Mouro, Lucas, additional, O’Connell, Brennan, additional, Peters, Shanan, additional, Poulton, Simon, additional, Ritzer, Samantha, additional, Smith, Emmy, additional, Wilby, Philip, additional, Woltz, Christina, additional, and Strauss, Justin, additional

Published
2021
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18. Detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk via a labeless immunoassay based upon an alternating current impedance protocol

Author

Tsekenis, Georgios, Garifallou, Goulielmos-Zois, Davis, Frank, Millner, Paul A., Pinacho, Daniel G., Sanchez-Baeza, Francisco, Marco, M.-Pilar, Gibson, Tim D., and Higson, Seamus P.J.

Subjects
Milk -- Health aspects, Quinolone antibacterial agents -- Properties, Quinolones -- Properties, Immunoassay -- Methods, Alternating current -- Research, Impedance (Electricity) -- Research, Antigens -- Properties, Biosensors -- Design and construction, Chemistry
Abstract

This paper describes the construction of a labeless immunosensor for the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in milk and its interrogation using an ac impedance protocol. Commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes were used as the basis for the sensor. Polyaniline was electrodeposited onto the sensors and then utilized to immobilize a biotinylated antibody for ciprofloxacin using classical avidin--biotin interactions. Antibody loaded electrodes were exposed to solutions of antigen in milk and interrogated using an ac impedance protocol. The faradaic component of the impedance of the electrodes was found to increase with increasing concentration of antigen. Control samples containing a nonspecific IgG antibody were also studied but were found to display large nonspecific responses, probably due to the antibody binding some of the large number of components found in milk. Control sensors could, however, be fabricated using antibodies specific for species not found in milk. Calibration curves could be obtained by subtraction of the responses for specific and control antibody-based sensors, thereby eliminating the effects of nonspecific adsorption of antigen. Sensors exposed to ciprofloxacin in milk gave increases in impedance whereas ciprofloxacin in phosphate buffer led to decreases, indicating the possibility of developing sensors which can both detect and differentiate between free and chelated antigen.

Published
2008

19. Label-less immunosensor assay for myelin basic protein based upon an ac impedance protocol

Author

Tsekenis, Georgios, Garifallou, Goulielmos-Zois, Davis, Frank, Millner, Paul A., Gibson, Tim D., and Higson, Seamus P.J.

Subjects
Myelin proteins -- Research, Chemical detectors -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

This paper describes the development and characterization of a label-less immunosensor for myelin basic protein (MBP) and its interrogation using an ac impedance protocol. Commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes were used as the basis for the sensor. Polyaniline was electrodeposited onto the sensors, and this modified surface then utilized to immobilize a biofinylated antibody for MBP using a classical avidin--biotin approach. Electrodes containing the antibodies were exposed to solutions of MBP and interrogated using an ac impedance protocol. The real component of the impedance of the electrodes was found to increase with increasing concentration of antigen. Control samples containing a nonspecific IgG antibody were also studied, and calibration curves were obtained by subtraction of the responses for specific and nonspecific antibody-based sensors, thereby accounting for and eliminating the effects of nonspecific adsorption of MBP. A logarithmic relationship between the concentration of MBP in buffer solutions and the impedimetric response was observed.

Published
2008

20. Developing knowledge of learning disabilities: mental health nurses receive little education on learning disabilities, but incorporating relevant learning experiences into pre-registration training programmes could make a useful contribution to practitioners' knowledge and skills. Tim Gibson describes how one school of nursing developed such an approach

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Learning disabilities -- Study and teaching -- Analysis, Nursing education -- Analysis -- Study and teaching, Psychiatric services -- Management -- Analysis -- Study and teaching, Health, Health care industry, Psychology and mental health, Company business management, Management, Analysis, Study and teaching
Abstract

Recent years have seen a shift away from a medical model of care for people with learning disabilities, symbolised by closure of the large specialised hospitals. Over the same period, [...]

Published
2007

22. Immobilization of peroxidase glycoprotein on gold electrodes modified with mixed epoxy-boronic acid monolayers

Author

Abad, Jose M., Velez, Marisela, Santamaria, Carolina, Guisan, Jose M., Matheus, Pedro R., Vazquez, Luis, Gazaryn, Irina, Gorton, Lo, Gibson, Tim, and Fernandez, Victor M.

Subjects
Peroxidase -- Research, Peroxidase -- Structure, Proteins -- Structure, Proteins -- Chemical properties, Glycosylation -- Structure, Glycosylation -- Chemical properties, Chemistry
Abstract

A strategy for the covalent immobilization of glycosylated proteins previously absorbed through weak, reversible interactions, on tailored Self-assembled monolayers is presented. This approach is exemplified by the use of phenylboronates-oxyrane mixed monolayers as a reactive support and redox enzyme horseradish peroxidase as glycoprotein for the preparation of peroxidase electrodes.

Published
2002

25. Packet-switched WANs: more with less

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Operation Desert Storm, 1991, Military, Network Architecture, Data Communications, Packet Switch, WAN, Persian Gulf War, 1991, Wide area networks -- Management
Published
1992

28. eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil

Author

Staniek, Monica E, Sedda, Luigi, Gibson, Tim D, de Souza, Cristian F, Costa, Erika M, Dillon, Rod J, Hamilton, James G C, Staniek, Monica E, Sedda, Luigi, Gibson, Tim D, de Souza, Cristian F, Costa, Erika M, Dillon, Rod J, and Hamilton, James G C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is a neglected, vector-borne, tropical parasitic disease that is responsible for several thousand human deaths every year. The transmission route involves sand flies becoming infected after feeding on infected reservoir host, mainly dogs, and then transmitting the Leishmania infantum parasites while feeding on humans. A major component of the VL control effort is the identification and euthanasia of infected dogs to remove them as a source of infection. A rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care device able to differentiate between the odours of infected and uninfected dogs may contribute towards the accurate diagnosis of canine VL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analysed the headspace volatile chemicals from the hair of two groups of dogs collected in 2017 and 2018 using a bench-top eNose volatile organic chemical analyser. The dogs were categorised as infected or uninfected by PCR analysis of blood samples taken by venepuncture and the number of parasites per ml of blood was calculated for each dog by qPCR analysis. We demonstrated using a robust clustering analysis that the eNose data could be discriminated into infected and uninfected categories with specificity >94% and sensitivity >97%. The eNose device and data analysis were sufficiently sensitive to be able to identify infected dogs even when the Leishmania population in the circulating blood was very low. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study illustrates the potential of the eNose to rapidly and accurately identify dogs infected with Le. infantum. Future improvements to eNose analyser sensor sensitivity, sampling methodology and portability suggest that this approach could significantly improve the diagnosis of VL infected dogs in Brazil with additional potential for effective diagnosis of VL in humans as well as for the diagnosis of other parasitic diseases.

Published
2019

31. Design of a scientific probe for obtaining Mars surface material

Author

Baker, Miles, Deyerl, Eric, Gibson, Tim, Langberg, Bob, and Yee, Terrance

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

The objective is to return a 1 Kg Martian soil sample from the surface of Mars to a mothership in a 60 km Mars orbit. Given here is information on the mission profile, the structural design and component placement, thermal control and guidance, propulsion systems, orbital mechanics, and specialized structures.

Published
1990

33. COWMEN COMMENT: It's a mucky, dirty job, and there are unsociable hours

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Dairy industry -- Conferences, meetings and seminars -- Forecasts and trends -- Personal narratives, Dairy farming -- Personal narratives -- Conferences, meetings and seminars, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Market trend/market analysis, Conferences, meetings and seminars, Personal narratives, Forecasts and trends
Abstract

A trip to the Global Dairy 500 conference in Kentucky may have offered Tim Gibson some welcome respite, but a small matter of steaming corn in the grain store was [...]

Published
2008

34. Cowman comment: Why we'd be wise to keep production costs to ourselves

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Dairy farming -- Economic aspects -- Ethical aspects, Supermarkets -- Ethical aspects -- Economic aspects, Dairy farmers -- Economic aspects -- Management -- Ethical aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Company business management, Management, Economic aspects, Ethical aspects
Abstract

Giving too much information away and continuing to produce milk just for the sake of it is detrimental to serious producers. Tim Gibson gives us his take on things. Last [...]

Published
2007

35. Cowman comment: We should be more careful talking about zero grazing

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Grazing -- Environmental aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Government regulation, Environmental aspects, Laws, regulations and rules
Abstract

The interpretation of such commonly used terms as zero grazing may be providing lobbyists with gratuitous ammunition to throw back at us believes our Yorkshire correspondent Tim Gibson. I finally [...]

Published
2006

36. FEEDING: Meet Robert, the robot feeder

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Mixing machinery -- Innovations, Dairy industry -- Equipment and supplies, Robotics industry -- Innovations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Robotics industry, Innovations
Abstract

Last month our Yorkshire correspondent Tim Gibson said he would like to go to complete diet feeding but felt mobile mixer wagons were too expensive. As a consequence he started [...]

Published
2005

37. Cowmen comment: Solicitor's letter and I'm not even there

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Dairy farming -- Management, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Company business management, Management
Abstract

Apart from receiving an intriguing solicitor's warning, our Yorkshire correspondent Tim Gibson has been crunching the numbers on herd health and comes up with some fascinating findings. Read on. Having [...]

Published
2005

38. Heifer-taming robot ready for challenge

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Dairy farming -- Personal narratives -- Technology application, Dairy farmers -- Personal narratives -- Technology application, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Company business management, Technology application, Management, Personal narratives
Abstract

Apart from being on standby duty with Farmers For Action, Tim Gibson is busy with a whole host of winter jobs and with ever inventive mind has found a somewhat [...]

Published
2003

39. Next brave step is taking on a student

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Dairy industry -- Equipment and supplies -- Economic aspects, Dairy farming -- Equipment and supplies -- Economic aspects -- Usage, Robots -- Usage -- Equipment and supplies -- Economic aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Transportation industry, Robot, Economic aspects, Usage, Equipment and supplies
Abstract

After more than a year with his automatic milker, Tim Gibson is feeling confident things are working out as his 140 cows are now milked at their own convenience by [...]

Published
2002

40. Electronic noses: an inspired idea?

Author

GIBSON, TIM, PROSSER, OLIVIA, and HULBERT, JOHN

Subjects
Chemical industry -- Product introduction, Testing and measuring equipment industry -- Product introduction, Business, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Published
2000

41. In Defense of Christianity

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
In Defense of Christianity (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Philosophy and religion
Published
2007

45. Road safety is essential for healthy business; In association with Volvo Business; Fleet operators must now, by law, minimise the risk of employees being in an accident, writes Tim Gibson

Author

Gibson, Tim

Subjects
Automobile industry -- Safety and security measures -- Laws, regulations and rules, Traffic safety -- Safety and security measures -- Laws, regulations and rules, Motor vehicle fleets -- Safety and security measures -- Laws, regulations and rules, Workplace accidents -- Safety and security measures -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Automobile Industry
Published
2013

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