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2. Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungaemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study

Author

Abrahams, Shareef, Ahmed, Khatija, Avenant, Theunis, Bamford, Colleen, Bhola, Prathna, Bishop, Kate, Black, John, Blumberg, Lucille, Bosman, Norma, Botha, Maria, Brink, Adrian, Budavari, Suzy, Burra, Asmeeta, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chomba, Rispah, Cohen, Cheryl, Coovadia, Yacoob, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Dawood, Halima, de Gouveia, Linda, Dlamini, Nomonde, Dlamini, Siyanda, Dreyer, Andries, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Erna, du Plessis, Mignon, Erasmus, Linda, Feldman, Charles, Govender, Nelesh, Govind, Chetna, Groome, Michelle, Haffejee, Sumayya, Hamese, Ken, Haumann, Carel, Hoho, Nombulelo, Hoosen, Anwar, Hoosien, Ebrahim, Howell, Victoria, Hoyland, Greta, Ismail, Farzana, Ismail, Husna, Ismail, Nazir, Ive, Prudence, Jooste, Pieter, Karstaedt, Alan, Khantsi, Ignatius, Kleinhans, Vicky, Kleynhans, Jackie, Kolojane, Molebogeng, Kufa-Chakezha, Tendesayi, Lebaka, Tiisetso, Lebudi, Jacob, Legare, Neo, Lekalakala, Ruth, Lindeque, Kathy, Lowman, Warren, Madhi, Shabir, Magobo, Rindidzani, Mahabeer, Prasha, Maharaj, Adhil, Makgoba, Martha, Maloba, Molatji, Maluleka, Caroline, Manaka, Mokupi, Mangena, Phetho, Maningi, Nontuthuko, Marcus, Louis, Marshall, Terry, Mathebula, Rudzani, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, Mbelle, Nontombi, Mbuthu, Bongani, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Meiring, Susan, Mekgoe, Omphile, Menezes, Colin, Miller, Cecilia, Mlisana, Koleka, Moncho, Masego, Moore, David, Moremi, Myra, Morris, Lynn, Moshe, Moamokgethi, Mothibi, Lesego, Moultrie, Harry, Mpembe, Ruth, Mutevedzi, Portia, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Preneshni, Naidoo, Romola, Nana, Trusha, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Ndlovu, Phathutshedzo, Nel, Jeremy, Ngomane, Mimmy, Ngubane, Wendy, Nicol, Mark, Njikho, Sunnieboy, Ntlemo, Grace, Ntuli, Sindi, Page, Nicola, Paulse, Nuraan, Pearce, Vanessa, Perovic, Olga, Pillay, Keshree, Pombo, Dina, Poswa, Xoliswa, Prentice, Elizabeth, Puren, Adrian, Quan, Vanessa, Ramjathan, Praksha, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Reddy, Kessendri, Reubenson, Gary, Richards, Lauren, Said, Mohammed, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Catherine, Seetharam, Sharona, Sekwadi, Phuti, Selekisho, Mirriam, Senekal, Marthinus, Shuping, Liliwe, Sibiya, Ngoaka, Sirkar, Surendra, Smit, Juanita, Smith, Anthony, Smith, Marshagne, Sookan, Lisha, Sriruttan, Charlotte, Stacey, Sarah, Swe Han, Khine Swe, Thomas, Teena, Thomas, Juno, Tsisti, Merika, van Schalkwyk, Erika, Variava, Ebrahim, Vazi, Phumeza, Verwey, Charl, von Gottberg, Anne, Wadula, Jeanntte, Walaza, Sibongile, Wende, Linda, Whitelaw, Andrew, Wilson, Douglas, Zietsman, Inge, Paccoud, Olivier, Mashau, Rudzani, Greene, Greg, and Govender, Nelesh P.

Published
2023
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11. Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study

Author

Paccoud, Olivier, primary, Shuping, Liliwe, additional, Mashau, Rudzani, additional, Greene, Greg, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Abrahams, Shareef, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Avenant, Theunis, additional, Bamford, Colleen, additional, Bhola, Prathna, additional, Bishop, Kate, additional, Black, John, additional, Blumberg, Lucille, additional, Bosman, Norma, additional, Botha, Maria, additional, Brink, Adrian, additional, Budavari, Suzy, additional, Burra, Asmeeta, additional, Chibabhai, Vindana, additional, Chomba, Rispah, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Coovadia, Yacoob, additional, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Dlamini, Nomonde, additional, Dlamini, Siyanda, additional, Dreyer, Andries, additional, du Plessis, Nicolette, additional, du Plessis, Erna, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Erasmus, Linda, additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Govender, Nelesh, additional, Govind, Chetna, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Haffejee, Sumayya, additional, Hamese, Ken, additional, Haumann, Carel, additional, Hoho, Nombulelo, additional, Hoosen, Anwar, additional, Hoosien, Ebrahim, additional, Howell, Victoria, additional, Hoyland, Greta, additional, Ismail, Farzana, additional, Ismail, Husna, additional, Ismail, Nazir, additional, Ive, Prudence, additional, Jooste, Pieter, additional, Karstaedt, Alan, additional, Khantsi, Ignatius, additional, Kleinhans, Vicky, additional, Kleynhans, Jackie, additional, Kolojane, Molebogeng, additional, Kufa-Chakezha, Tendesayi, additional, Lebaka, Tiisetso, additional, Lebudi, Jacob, additional, Legare, Neo, additional, Lekalakala, Ruth, additional, Lindeque, Kathy, additional, Lowman, Warren, additional, Madhi, Shabir, additional, Magobo, Rindidzani, additional, Mahabeer, Prasha, additional, Maharaj, Adhil, additional, Makgoba, Martha, additional, Maloba, Molatji, additional, Maluleka, Caroline, additional, Manaka, Mokupi, additional, Mangena, Phetho, additional, Maningi, Nontuthuko, additional, Marcus, Louis, additional, Marshall, Terry, additional, Mathebula, Rudzani, additional, Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi, additional, Mbelle, Nontombi, additional, Mbuthu, Bongani, additional, McCarthy, Kerrigan, additional, Mekgoe, Omphile, additional, Menezes, Colin, additional, Miller, Cecilia, additional, Mlisana, Koleka, additional, Moncho, Masego, additional, Moore, David, additional, Moremi, Myra, additional, Morris, Lynn, additional, Moshe, Moamokgethi, additional, Mothibi, Lesego, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, Mpembe, Ruth, additional, Mutevedzi, Portia, additional, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Judith, additional, Naby, Fathima, additional, Naicker, Preneshni, additional, Naidoo, Romola, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, additional, Ndlovu, Phathutshedzo, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Ngomane, Mimmy, additional, Ngubane, Wendy, additional, Nicol, Mark, additional, Njikho, Sunnieboy, additional, Ntlemo, Grace, additional, Ntuli, Sindi, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Paulse, Nuraan, additional, Pearce, Vanessa, additional, Perovic, Olga, additional, Pillay, Keshree, additional, Pombo, Dina, additional, Poswa, Xoliswa, additional, Prentice, Elizabeth, additional, Puren, Adrian, additional, Ramjathan, Praksha, additional, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, additional, Reddy, Kessendri, additional, Reubenson, Gary, additional, Richards, Lauren, additional, Said, Mohammed, additional, Samodien, Nazlee, additional, Samuel, Catherine, additional, Seetharam, Sharona, additional, Sekwadi, Phuti, additional, Selekisho, Mirriam, additional, Senekal, Marthinus, additional, Sibiya, Ngoaka, additional, Sirkar, Surendra, additional, Smit, Juanita, additional, Smith, Anthony, additional, Smith, Marshagne, additional, Sookan, Lisha, additional, Sriruttan, Charlotte, additional, Stacey, Sarah, additional, Swe Han, Khine Swe, additional, Thomas, Teena, additional, Thomas, Juno, additional, Tsisti, Merika, additional, van Schalkwyk, Erika, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Vazi, Phumeza, additional, Verwey, Charl, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wadula, Jeanntte, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Wende, Linda, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, Wilson, Douglas, additional, and Zietsman, Inge, additional

Published
2023
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14. Long-Term Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines from National, Active, Laboratory-Based Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, South Africa, 2005-2019

Author

Von Gottberg, Ann, primary, Kleynhans, Jackie, additional, de Gouveia, Linda, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Meiring, Susan, additional, Quan, Vanessa, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, von Mollendorf, Claire, additional, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, additional, Avenant, Theunis, additional, du Plessis, Nicolette, additional, Kularatne, Ranmini, additional, Chibabhai, Vindana, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, and Cohen, Cheryl, additional

Published
2023
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18. Systemic Shigellosis in South Africa

Author

Group for Enteric, Respiratory, and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA), Keddy, Karen H., Sooka, Arvinda, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Quan, Vanessa, Meiring, Susan, Cohen, Cheryl, Nana, Trusha, Sriruttan, Charlotte, Seetharam, Sharona, Hoosen, Anwar, Naicker, Preneshni, Elliott, Eugenne, Haffejee, Sumayya, Whitelaw, Andrew, and Klugman, Keith P.

Published
2012
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25. Harry Cohen: a bibliography of his life's work.

Author

Gibson, Penny Calhoun, Harned, Bailey M., Blume, Nettie Cohen, Hobbs, Steven H., and Lisenby, Philip N.

Subjects
The University of Alabama -- Officials and employees, Law teachers -- Testimonials
Published
2008

32. Mammography Adherence among High-Risk Women with Breast Cancer and Either a Non-Pathogenic Mutation Identified or Untested BRCA1/2Genetic Status

Author

Flehr, Alison, Judd, Fiona, Lindeman, Geoffrey J., Kentwell, Maira, Gibson, Penny, Bryant, Christina, Komiti, Angela, Mann, G. Bruce, and Stafford, Lesley

Abstract

Little is known about the illness perceptions of women with a previous breast cancer diagnosis and either no access to a personal BRCA1/2test or tested and a no pathogenic mutation identified result and how this might impact their mammography adherence. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of illness beliefs, specifically those relating to emotional representations and cure and control beliefs about breast cancer, and socio-economic status (SES) on mammography adherence of these women. The traditional health belief model (HBM) was compared to a modified model which allowed for the contribution of emotions in health surveillance decision-making. Mailed self-report questionnaires were completed by 193 women recruited from an Australian Familial Cancer Centre. Step-wise logistic regression analyses were conducted on n=150 [aged 27-89 years (M=56.9)] for whom complete data were available. The questionnaire response rate was 36%. Higher levels of emotional representations of breast cancer were associated with greater mammography adherence (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03-1.36, p =.019). Middle income was six times more likely to predict mammography adherence than lower income (OR = 6.39, 95% CI = 1.03 – 39.63, p =.047). The modified HBM was superior to the traditional HBM in predicting mammography adherence (X2[15, N = 118] = 26.03, p =.038). Despite a modest response rate, our data show that emotional illness representations about breast cancer and middle income status were found to significantly predict mammography adherence. Therefore, providing surveillance services and delivering information considerate of financial status and constructed around emotional motivators may facilitate mammography adherence among women like those described in this study.

Published
2020
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36. Meningococcal serogroup Y lpxL1 variants from South Africa are associated with clonal complex 23 among young adults

Author

du Plessis, Mignon, primary, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, additional, Hamstra, Hendrik-Jan, additional, Schipper, Kim, additional, Moodley, Chivonne, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, van der Ley, Peter, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, and van der Ende, Arie, additional

Published
2014
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40. Clinical and Microbiological Features of Salmonella Meningitis in a South African Population, 2003–2013.

Author

Keddy, Karen H., Sooka, Arvinda, Musekiwa, Alfred, Smith, Anthony M., Ismail, Husna, Tau, Nomsa P., Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Angulo, Frederick J., and Klugman, Keith P.

Subjects
SALMONELLA diseases, MENINGITIS, HIV infections, BACTERIAL diseases, ETIOLOGY of diseases
Abstract

The clinical and microbiological characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) meningitis in South Africa, where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is high (approximately 15% in persons ≥15 years of age), were reviewed. Methods. From 2003 through 2013, 278 cases were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance. Clinical information (age, sex, outcome, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS], and HIV status) was ascertained at selected sites. Isolates were serotyped; susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with mortality outcome, using Stata software, version 13. Results. Where age was ascertained, 139 of 256 (54.3%) patients were <15 years. Males represented 151 of 267 (56.6%). Mortality outcome was recorded for 112 of 146 (76.7%) enhanced surveillance patients; 53 of 112 (47.3%) died. Death was associated with GCS ≤13 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 18.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0–118.5; P = .002) on multivariable analysis. Where data were available, all 45 patients aged >15 years were HIV infected, compared with 24 of 46 (52.2%) patients aged <5 years. Neonates were less likely to be HIV infected than infants aged 2–12 months (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.1–21.1; P = .039). Salmonella Typhimurium represented 106 of 238 (44.5%) serotyped isolates: 65 of 95 (68.4%) were ST313 vs ST19, respectively, and significantly associated with HIV-infected patients (P = .03) and multidrug resistance (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.5–17.2; P < .001). Conclusions. NTS meningitis in South Africa is highly associated with HIV in adults, with neonates (irrespective of HIV status), and with Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. GCS is the best predictor of mortality: early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Focused prevention requires further studies to understand the sources and transmission routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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41. Systemic Shigellosis in South Africa.

Author

Keddy, Karen H., Sooka, Arvinda, Crowther-Gibson, Penny, Quan, Vanessa, Meiring, Susan, Cohen, Cheryl, Nana, Trusha, Sriruttan, Charlotte, Seetharam, Sharona, Hoosen, Anwar, Naicker, Preneshni, Elliott, Eugenne, Haffejee, Sumayya, Whitelaw, Andrew, and Klugman, Keith P.

Subjects
SHIGELLOSIS, HIV-positive persons, CLINICAL drug trials, ANTI-infective agents, DISEASE prevalence, MULTIDRUG resistance
Abstract

Systemic shigellosis is primarily associated with human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients in South Africa in all age groups. Disease in adults particularly affects women of child-bearing age, and interventions need to be targeted at this group.Background. Systemic disease due to shigellae is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and other immunosuppressed states. We examined the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of systemic shigellosis in South Africa, where rates of HIV infection are high.Methods. From 2003 to 2009, 429 cases of invasive shigellosis were identified through national laboratory-based surveillance. At selected sites, additional information was captured on HIV serostatus and outcome. Isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed.Results. Most cases of systemic shigellosis were diagnosed on blood culture (408 of 429 cases; 95%). HIV prevalence was 67% (80 of 120 cases), highest in patients aged 5–54 years, and higher among females (55 of 70 cases; 79%) compared with males (25 of 48 cases; 52%; P = .002). HIV-infected people were 4.1 times more likely to die than HIV-uninfected cases (case-fatality ratio, 29 of 78 HIV-infected people [37%] vs 5 of 40 HIV-uninfected people [13%]; P = .008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–11.8). The commonest serotype was Shigella flexneri 2a (89 of 292 serotypes [30.5%]). Pentavalent resistance occurred in 120 of 292 isolates (41.1%). There was no difference in multidrug resistance between HIV-infected patients (33 of 71 [46%]) and uninfected patients (12 of 33 [36%]; 95% CI, .65--3.55).Conclusions. Systemic shigellosis is associated with HIV-infected patients, primarily in older girls and women, potentially due to the burden of caring for sick children in the home; interventions need to be targeted here. Death rates are higher in HIV-infected versus uninfected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012

42. POST OFFICE PARANOIA.

Author

Gibson, Penny P.

Abstract

Presents a conversation between the two postal clerks in a post office. Bell whose ring signifies a truck-load of mail just arrived; Manner in which the postal clerks reacted towards the ringing of the telephone.

Published
1975

43. Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among people of all ages from national, active, laboratory-based surveillance in South Africa, 2005-19: a cohort observational study.

Author

von Gottberg A, Kleynhans J, de Gouveia L, Tempia S, Meiring S, Quan V, du Plessis M, von Mollendorf C, Crowther-Gibson P, Avenant T, du Plessis N, Kularatne R, Chibabhai V, Madhi SA, Klugman KP, Whitney CG, and Cohen C

Subjects
Humans, South Africa epidemiology, Adult, Incidence, Infant, Child, Preschool, Young Adult, Child, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Aged, Vaccines, Conjugate, Cohort Studies, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification, Infant, Newborn, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine administration & dosage, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage
Abstract

Background: In South Africa, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2009 and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) was introduced in 2011, both in a two plus one schedule. We evaluated the ongoing effects of PCV on the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) over 15 years of sustained surveillance in South Africa before the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: We conducted national, active, laboratory-based surveillance for IPD among all ages in South Africa, including isolate serotyping and susceptibility testing. We fitted linear regression models with vaccine covariates to imputed IPD case counts each year by serotype and age to compare expected and actual IPD cases in 2019, which was the main outcome. Vaccine effects were set to zero to identify expected incidence after the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13., Findings: From Jan 1, 2005, to Dec 31, 2019, surveillance identified 52 957 IPD cases. Among the 50 705 individuals with age data available, 9398 (18·5%) were infants aged younger than 2 years. Compared with expected case numbers (no vaccination) predicted using all available data, overall IPD rates among children younger than 2 years declined by 76·0% (percentage risk difference; 95% CI -79·0 to -72·8%) in 2019; notably, PCV7 and additional PCV13 serotype IPD rates declined by 95·5% (-97·0 to -93·4%) and 93·8% (-96·2 to-90·5%), respectively, whereas non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs) did not change significantly. Among adults aged 25-44 years, overall IPD declined by 50·4% (-54·2 to -46·3%), and PCV7 and additional PCV13 serotype IPD rates declined by 86·1% (-88·7 to -83·1%) and 77·2% (-80·9 to -73·0%), respectively, whereas NVTs increased by 78·5% (56·8 to 103·4%). Individuals aged older than 64 years also benefited from declines in IPD (-30·2%; -41·9 to -16·2%), but NVTs increased (234·9%; 138·1 to 379·4%)., Interpretation: We documented sustained direct and indirect benefits of PCV across age groups, and NVT increases in adults older than 24 years. Higher valency PCVs would have the added benefit of preventing this residual disease., Funding: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (South Africa) and US Agency for International Development Antimicrobial Resistance Initiative, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests SAM has received grant funds from MSD, Pfizer, GSK, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; and honoraria from GSK, related to this work. CvM declares grant funds from Pfizer. CvM and VC declare honoraria from MSD and Pfizer. CC declares grant funds from Sanofi and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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