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266 results on '"Gibert, Dominique"'

1. On the mechanism of thermal self-regulation of trees: a kind of homeothermic observation

Author

Boulé, Jean-Baptiste, d'Ars, Jean de Bremond, Courtillot, Vincent, Gèze, Marc, Gibert, Dominique, Mouël, Jean-Louis Le, Lopes, Fernando, Maineult, Alexis, and Zuddas, Pierpaolo

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

What is certain is that surface temperatures around the globe vary considerably, regardless of the time scales or underlying causes. Since 1850, we have observed an average increase in global surface temperature anomalies of 1.2$^{\circ}$ and a median increase of 0.7$^{\circ}$: this overall difference masks significant regional differences. Nearly 60\% of the world's population now lives in urban areas, where vegetation cover has been significantly reduced, despite the paradoxical fact that vegetation plays an important role in regulating the thermal environment (\textit{eg} through the shading provided by tree canopies). Continuous electrical and thermal measurements of trees in a Parisian grove (France) show and quantify that canopies are not the only protectors against heat waves; we must also consider the role of tree trunks. It is clear that these trunks probably regulate themselves, possibly by modulating the uptake of groundwater, whose geothermal stability is well established at a depth of just one meter. This quantitative observation should not be overlooked in the urban planning of our cities., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

2. Information theory, Signal Analysis and Inverse Problem

Author

Gibert, Dominique, Lopes, Fernando, Courtillot, Vincent, Mouël, Jean-Louis Le, and Boulé, Jean-Baptiste

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

This book is intended for teaching Signal Analysis methods and Inverse Problems theory. It is completely open access and will remain free. It is currently illustrated with examples that we have actually encountered in geophysics, but will eventually evolve to address problems in biology. The main idea is to develop this material over time (probably every six months) and throughout our careers. Therefore, it is not yet complete and some minor points need to be corrected in this English version. A French version is also available. The MATLAB codes we used can be found at the following address: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/6tedk1xyquswmh0vcekfi/matlab_book.zip?rlkey=cbj5ura63qy6u57ij2yzgggkw&st=8gp4gddd&dl=0, Comment: 334 pages, 97 figures

Published
2024

3. On the effect of the luni-solar gravitational attraction on trees

Author

Mouël, Jean-Louis Le, Gibert, Dominique, Boulé, Jean-Baptiste, Zuddas, Pierpaolo, Courtillot, Vincent, Lopes, Fernando, Gèze, Marc, and Maineult, Alexis

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

In this paper, we revisit old electrical measurements conducted on a poplar tree in 2003 (Gibert et al. 2006), which showed the presence of a diurnal electrical signal, attributed to an electrokinetic phenomenon correlated with sap flow, even in winter. We reanalyze these data using the singular spectrum analysis method and demonstrate that the electrical signal measured at various locations (roots, trunk, and branches) on the poplar tree can be decomposed to over 80\% into a sum of 7 pseudo-periods, all linked to luni-solar tides. The precision of the extracted periods exceeds that of models. To validate these old measurements, we have reproduced the 2003 protocol since 2018 at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, on 3 oak trees and 3 hornbeams. The electrical signals today exhibit the same characteristics as those of 2003. Tidal forces could be a driving force of sap flow in trees., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

4. A living forest of Tibetan Juniper trees as a new kind of astronomical and geophysical observatory

Author

Courtillot, Vincent, Boulé, Jean-Baptiste, Mouël, Jean-Louis Le, Gibert, Dominique, Zuddas, Pierpaolo, Maineult, Alexis, Gèze, Marc, and Lopes, Fernando

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

The trajectory of Earth about the Sun is perturbed by torques exerted by the Moon and Sun, and also the four giant planets. These provoke variations of insolation at Earth surface, known as kyr-long Milankovi\'c cycles. The concept has been extended to the shorter time scales of years to centuries, that are relevant to tree growth. This paper focuses on iSSA of results of the dendro-chronological study of a forest of long-lived Tibetan junipers. From this, we determine a median curve of tree growth rates, that is analyzed by iSSA. We obtain a rich set of (pseudo-) periods, from 3.3 yr up to more than 1000 years, that compare with the specific spectral signature found in the sunspot and length-of-day time series. We discuss in detail the record from a single tree that spans almost completely the 357-2000 AD interval. The 90 yr Gleissberg, 22 yr and 30 yr components are quite prominent. The Oort, Wolf, Sp\"orer, Maunder and Dalton climate extrema all correspond quite precisely to extrema of the Gleissberg cycle. The well-known Medieval Climate Optimum, Little Ice Age and Modern Climate Optimum all seem to be mainly forced by variations in the envelope of the Gleissberg cycle. The Gleissberg cycle is strongly modulated with a period of 500-600 years. The node near a small gap in the data is very close to the Medieval Climate Optimum. Observations in different parts of Earth are in favor of a global extension of the MCO. In the same way that the Milankovic mathematical theory of climate allows one to relate climate change and length of day, through changes in inclination of Earth's rotation axis and solar insolation, it is reasonable to propose that the set of pseudo-periods that are evidenced in the Tibetan tree ring growth rates simply corresponds to short period Milankovi\'c cycles. The Dulan forest could be considered as a good candidate for a continuous, global geophysical observatory., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures

Published
2023

5. A multi-decadal view of the heat and mass budget of a volcano in unrest: La Soufri\`ere de Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Author

Jessop, David E., Moune, Séverine, Moretti, Roberto, Gibert, Dominique, Komorowski, Jean-Christophe, Robert, Vincent, Heap, Michael J., Bosson, Alexis, Bonifacie, Magali, Deroussi, Sébastien, Dessert, Céline, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Lemarchand, Arnaud, and Burtin, Arnaud

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Particularly in the presence of a hydrothermal system, many volcanoes output large quantities of heat through the transport of water from deep within the edifice to the surface. Thus, heat flux is a prime tool for evaluating volcanic activity and unrest. We review the volcanic unrest at La Soufri\`ere de Guadeloupe (French West Indies) using an airborne thermal camera survey, and in-situ measurements of temperature and flow rate through temperature probes, Pitot-tube and MultiGAS measurements. We deduce mass and heat fluxes for the fumarolic, ground and thermal spring outputs and follow these over a period spanning 2000--2020. Our results are compared with published data and we performed a retrospective analysis of the temporal variations in heat flux over this period using the literature data. We find that the heat emitted by the volcano is 36.5 +/- 7.9 MW, of which the fumarolic heat flux is dominant at 28.3 +/- 6.8 MW. Given a total heated area of 26780 m2, this equates to a heat flux density of 627 +/- 94 W/m2, which is amongst the highest established for worldwide volcanoes with hydrothermal systems, particularly for dome volcanoes. A major change at La Soufri\`ere de Guadeloupe, however, is the development of a widespread region of ground heating at the summit where heat output has increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1 MW in 2010 to 5.7 +/- 0.9 MW in 2020. This change is concurrent with accelerating unrest at the volcano, and the emergence of two new high-flux fumaroles in recent years. Our findings highlight the importance of continued and enhanced surveillance and research strategies at La Soufri\`ere de Guadeloupe, the results of which can be used to better understand hydrothermal volcanism the world over.

Published
2020
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6. Middle-atmosphere dynamics observed with a portable muon detector

Author

Tramontini, Matias, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Nussbaum, Christophe, Gibert, Dominique, and Marteau, Jacques

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In the past years, large particle-physics experiments have shown that muon rate variations detected in underground laboratories are sensitive to regional, middle-atmosphere temperature variations. Potential applications include tracking short-term atmosphere dynamics, such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. We report here that such sensitivity is not only limited to large surface detectors under high-opacity conditions. We use a portable muon detector conceived for muon tomography for geophysical applications and we study muon rate variations observed over one year of measurements at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland (opacity of ~700 meter water equivalent). We observe a direct correlation between middle-atmosphere seasonal temperature variations and muon rate. Muon rate variations are also sensitive to the abnormal atmosphere heating in January-February 2017, associated to a Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Estimates of the effective temperature coefficient for our particular case agree with theoretical models and with those calculated from large neutrino experiments under comparable conditions. Thus, portable muon detectors may be useful to 1) study seasonal and short-term middle atmosphere dynamics, especially in locations where data is lacking such as mid-latitudes; and 2) improve the calibration of the effective temperature coefficient for different opacity conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of assessing the impact of temperature on muon rate variations when considering geophysical applications. Depending on latitude and opacity conditions, this effect may be large enough to hide subsurface density variations due to changes in groundwater content, and should therefore be removed from the time-series., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures

Published
2019
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7. Three-dimensional density structure of La Soufrie\`ere de Guadeloupe lava dome from simultaneous muon radiographies and gravity data

Author

Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Jourde, Kevin, Marteau, Jacques, Deroussi, Sébastien, Komorowski, Jean-Christophe, and Gibert, Dominique

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Muon imaging has recently emerged as a powerful method to complement standard geophysical tools in the understanding of the Earth's subsurface. Muon measurements can yield a radiography of the average density along the muon path, allowing to image large volumes of a geological body from a single observation point. Here we jointly invert muon data from three simultaneous telescope acquisitions together with gravity data to estimate the three-dimensional density structure of the La Soufri\`ere de Guadeloupe lava Dome. Our unique dataset allows us to achieve an unprecedented spatial resolution with this novel technique. The retrieved density model reveals an extensive, low-density anomaly where the most active part of the volcanic hydrothermal system is located, supporting previous studies that indicate this region as the most likely to be involved in a partial edifice collapse., Comment: 4 figures, 7 pages

Published
2017
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8. DIAPHANE: Muon tomography applied to volcanoes, civil engineering, archaelogy

Author

Marteau, Jacques, d'Ars, Jean de Bremond, Gibert, Dominique, Jourde, Kevin, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, and Carlus, Bruno

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Muography techniques applied to geological structures greatly improved in the past ten years. Recent applications demonstrate the interest of the method not only to perform structural imaging but also to monitor the dynamics of inner movements like magma ascent inside volcanoes or density variations in hydrothermal systems. Muography time-resolution has been studied thanks to dedicated experiments, e.g. in a water tower tank. This paper presents the activities of the DIAPHANE collaboration between particle- and geo-physicists and the most recent results obtained in the field of volcanology, with a focus on the main target, the Soufri\`ere of Guadeloupe active volcano. Special emphasis is given on the monitoring of the dome's inner volumes opacity variations, that could be inferred to the hydrothermal system dynamics (vaporization of inner liquid water in coincidence with the appearance of new fumaroles at the summit). I also breifly present results obtained in the fields of civil engineering (study of urban underground tunnels) and archaelogy (greek tumulus scanning)., Comment: Invited talk, 14$^{\text{th}}$ Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD16), 3 - 6 October 2016, Siena, Italy

Published
2016
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9. Muon dynamic radiography of density changes induced by hydrothermal activity at the La Soufri\`ere of Guadeloupe volcano

Author

Jourde, Kevin, Gibert, Dominique, Marteau, Jacques, d'Ars, Jean de Bremond, and Komorowski, Jean-Christophe

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Imaging geological structures through cosmic muon radiography is a newly developed technique particularly interesting in volcanology. Here we show that muon radiography may be efficient to detect and characterize mass movements in shallow hydrothermal systems of low-energy active volcanoes like the La Soufri\`ere lava dome. We present an experiment conducted on this volcano during the Summer $2014$ and bring evidence that huge density changes occurred in three domains of the lava dome. Depending on their position and on the medium porosity the volumes of these domains vary from $1 \times 10^6 \; \mathrm{m}^3$ to $7 \times 10^6 \; \mathrm{m}^3$. However, the mass changes remain quite constant, two of them being negative ($\Delta m \approx -0.6 \times 10^9 \; \mathrm{kg}$) and a third one being positive ($\Delta m \approx +2 \times 10^9 \; \mathrm{kg}$). We attribute the negative mass changes to the formation of steam in shallow hydrothermal reservoir previously partly filled with liquid water. This coincides with the apparition of new fumaroles on top of the volcano. The positive mass change is synchronized with the negative mass changes indicating that liquid water probably flowed from the two reservoirs invaded by steam toward the third reservoir., Comment: paper submitted to Scientific Reports in june 2016. 15 pages. 8 figures

Published
2016

10. Muon tomography applied to active volcanoes

Author

Marteau, Jacques, Carlus, Bruno, Gibert, Dominique, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Jourde, Kevin, Kergosien, Bruno, and Rolland, Pascal

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Muon tomography is a generic imaging method using the differential absorption of cosmic muons by matter. The measured contrast in the muons flux reflects the matter density contrast as it does in conventional medical imaging. The applications to volcanology present may advantadges induced by the features of the target itself: limited access to dangerous zones, impossible use of standard boreholes information, harsh environmental conditions etc. The Diaphane project is one of the largest and leading collaboration in the field and the present article summarizes recent results collected on the Lesser Antilles, with a special emphasis on the Soufri\`ere of Guadeloupe., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, International Conference on New Photo-detectors,PhotoDet2015, 6-9 July 2015, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia. Submitted to PoS

Published
2015

11. Monitoring temporal opacity fluctuations of large structures with muon tomography : a calibration experiment using a water tower tank

Author

Jourde, Kevin, Gibert, Dominique, Marteau, Jacques, d'Ars, Jean de Bremond, Gardien, Serge, Girerd, Claude, and Ianigro, Jean-Christophe

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Usage of secondary cosmic muons to image the geological structures density distribution significantly developed during the past ten years. Recent applications demonstrate the method interest to monitor magma ascent and volcanic gas movements inside volcanoes. Muon radiography could be used to monitor density variations in aquifers and the critical zone in the near surface. However, the time resolution achievable by muon radiography monitoring remains poorly studied. It is biased by fluctuation sources exterior to the target, and statistically affected by the limited number of particles detected during the experiment. The present study documents these two issues within a simple and well constrained experimental context: a water tower. We use the data to discuss the influence of atmospheric variability that perturbs the signal, and propose correction formulas to extract the muon flux variations related to the water level changes. Statistical developments establish the feasibility domain of muon radiography monitoring as a function of target thickness (i.e. opacity). Objects with a thickness comprised between $\simeq$ 50 $\pm$ 30m water equivalent correspond to the best time resolution. Thinner objects have a degraded time resolution that strongly depends on the zenith angle, whereas thicker objects (like volcanoes) time resolution does not., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Final version published in Scientific Reports, Nature, 14 march 2016

Published
2015
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12. The 2018 unrest phase at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe (French West Indies) andesitic volcano: Scrutiny of a failed but prodromal phreatic eruption

Author

Moretti, Roberto, Komorowski, Jean-Christophe, Ucciani, Guillaume, Moune, Séverine, Jessop, David, de Chabalier, Jean-Bernard, Beauducel, François, Bonifacie, Magali, Burtin, Arnaud, Vallée, Martin, Deroussi, Sebastien, Robert, Vincent, Gibert, Dominique, Didier, Tristan, Kitou, Thierry, Feuillet, Nathalie, Allard, Patrick, Tamburello, Giancarlo, Shreve, Tara, Saurel, Jean-Marie, Lemarchand, Arnaud, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Agrinier, Pierre, Le Friant, Anne, and Chaussidon, Marc

Published
2020
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13. Joint inversion of muon tomography and gravimetry - a resolving kernel approach

Author

Jourde, Kevin, Gibert, Dominique, and Marteau, Jacques

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Both muon tomography and gravimetry are geophysical methods that provide information on the density structure of the Earth's subsurface. Muon tomography measures the natural flux of cosmic muons and its attenuation produced by the screening effect of the rock mass to image. Gravimetry generally consists in measurements of the vertical component of the local gravity field. Both methods are linearly linked to density, but their spatial sensitivity is very different. Muon tomography essentially works like medical X-ray scan and integrates density information along elongated narrow conical volumes while gravimetry measurements are linked to density by a 3-dimensional integral encompassing the whole studied domain. We develop the mathematical expressions of these integration formulas -- called acquisition kernels -- to express resolving kernels that act as spatial filters relating the true unknown density structure to the density distribution actually recoverable from the available data. The resolving kernels provide a tool to quantitatively describe the resolution of the density models and to evaluate the resolution improvement expected by adding new data in the inversion. The resolving kernels derived in the joined muon/gravimetry case indicate that gravity data are almost useless to constrain the density structure in regions sampled by more than two muon tomography acquisitions. Interestingly the resolution in deeper regions not sampled by muon tomography is significantly improved by joining the two techniques. Examples taken from field experiments performed on La Soufri\`ere of Guadeloupe volcano are discussed., Comment: Submitted to Geoscientific Model Development

Published
2014
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23. Observation of the Dynamics of Hydrothermal Activity in La Soufrière of Guadeloupe Volcano with Joint Muography, Gravimetry, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Seismic and Temperature Monitoring

Author

Gibert, Dominique, primary, de Bremond d'Ars, Jean, additional, Carlus, Bruno, additional, Deroussi, Sébastien, additional, Ianigro, Jean‐Christophe, additional, Jessop, David E., additional, Jourde, Kevin, additional, Kergosien, Bruno, additional, Le Gonidec, Yves, additional, Lesparre, Nolwenn, additional, Marteau, Jacques, additional, Moretti, Roberto, additional, Nicollin, Florence, additional, and Rosas‐Carbajal, Marina, additional

Published
2022
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24. Development of Scintillator‐Based Muon Detectors for Muography

Author

Marteau, Jacques, primary, de Bremond d'Ars, Jean, additional, Carlus, Bruno, additional, Chevalier, Antoine, additional, Cohu, Amélie, additional, Descombes, Thierry, additional, Gibert, Dominique, additional, Ianigro, Jean‐Christophe, additional, Jourde, Kevin, additional, Kergosien, Bruno, additional, Lesparre, Nolwenn, additional, Montorio, Jean‐Luc, additional, and Rosas‐Carbajal, Marina, additional

Published
2022
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26. On Two Formulations of Polar Motion and Identification of Its Sources.

Author

Lopes, Fernando, Courtillot, Vincent, Gibert, Dominique, and Mouël, Jean-Louis Le

Subjects
EARTH'S orbit, CELESTIAL mechanics, GAS giants, EARTH (Planet), SOLAR system, ROTATION of the earth
Abstract

Differences in formulation of the equations of celestial mechanics may result in differences in interpretation. This paper focuses on the Liouville-Euler system of differential equations as first discussed by Laplace. In the "modern" textbook presentation of the equations, variations in polar motion and in length of day are decoupled. Their source terms are assumed to result from redistribution of masses and torques linked to Earth elasticity, large earthquakes, or external forcing by the fluid envelopes. In the "classical" presentation, polar motion is governed by the inclination of Earth's rotation pole and the derivative of its declination (close to length of day, lod). The duration and modulation of oscillatory components such as the Chandler wobble is accounted for by variations in polar inclination. The "classical" approach also implies that there should be a strong link between the rotations and the torques exerted by the planets of the solar system. Indeed there is, such as the remarkable agreement between the sum of forces exerted by the four Jovian planets and components of Earth's polar motion. Singular Spectral Analysis of lod (using more than 50 years of data) finds nine components, all with physical sense: first comes a "trend", then oscillations with periods of ∼80 yrs (Gleissberg cycle), 18.6 yrs, 11 yrs (Schwabe), 1 year and 0.5 yr (Earth revolution and first harmonic), 27.54 days, 13.66 days, 13.63 days and 9.13 days (Moon synodic period and harmonics). Components with luni-solar periods account for 95% of the total variance of the lod. We believe there is value in following Laplace's approach: it leads to the suggestion that all the oscillatory components with extraterrestrial periods (whose origin could be found in the planetary and solar torques), should be present in the series of sunspots and indeed, they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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29. Going beyond in Understanding Volcanic Unrest and the Legacy of Hydrothermal Explosive Activity at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Author

Moune, Séverine, Moretti, Roberto, Jessop, David, Gibert, Dominique, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Bonifacie, Magali, Komorowski, Jean-Christophe, Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), American Geophysical Union, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology
Abstract

International audience; In populated areas, relatively small volcanic activities associated with the instability of magma-solicited hydrothermal systems (e.g., la Soufrière de Guadeloupe in 1976-77, and Campi Flegrei in 1982-84) have produced major impacts to local populations, determining far-reaching consequences on the economy and social fabric. These episodes are related to magmatic systems that have produced major explosive eruptions in historical times. For this reason, these events have generated long-standing debates about their actual origin, and particularly about the causal processes (magmatic vs hydrothermal) behind unrest episodes. This has fostered scientific and technical developments in geophysical and geochemical surveillance of volcanic-hydrothermal systems, which have been readily transferred to other volcanic contexts. Exceptional datasets have been produced during the last four decades that opened new perspectives about the understanding of volcanic unrest at explosive volcanoes, showing the crucial role of geochemistry-derived intensive thermodynamic (pressure, temperature and relative gas/liquid fractions) and extensive quantities (heat and mass fluxes) of the hydrothermal system.In the case of la Soufrière of Guadeloupe, an archetype andesitic volcano, we know from the 1976-77 phreatic eruption (though magmatic still-born) and the current unrest (the volcano reactivated in 1992 with a peak of activity in April 2018) that magmatic fluid transfer may take place rapidly, determining short-term (days to weeks) rapid heating and pressurization of the shallow hydrothermal system. For this reason, we aim to track the subtle evolution of the hydrothermal system and its eventual destabilization during supercritical fluid excursions. Forthcoming developments include the coupling of the OVSG-IPGP surveillance system with continuous muon-particle imaging, in order to provide efficient joint geophysical and geochemical monitoring for the detection of density changes at high-frequency and the real-time evaluation of the pressure, temperature and liquid/vapor ratio in the dome portion of the hydrothermal system.

Published
2019

30. Muographic long-term monitoring of the Soufrière of Guadeloupe with a system of coupled muon detection systems

Author

Marteau, Jacques, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, tramontini, matias, Zyserman, Fabio, De Bremond D'Ars, Jean, Le Gonidec, Yves, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Deroussi, Sébastien, Gibert, Dominique, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Volcanologique et sismologique de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, American Geophysical Union, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We present novel developments in muography methods to combine continuous measurementsperformed by 2 independant muon detectors around the dome of an active volcano, the Soufrièreof Guadeloupe. The aim is to reach the best possible performances in the continuous monitoringof its hydrothermal system spatio-temporal dynamics.Volcanic hydrothermal systems give rise to unpredictable hazards such as hydrothermal explo-sions, partial edifice collapse, mudflows and sudden emission of toxic gases. Characterizing the dy-namics of these systems and constraining the models by real-time data is thus critical for develop-ing efficient risk assessment.Within the DIAPHANE project, funded by the french National Research Agency (ANR), 6 muontelescopes have been deployed around the dome since 2015 and acquire muon data continuouslywith a large duty cycle. In this work we show the results obtained with a set of more than 1.5years of continuous measurements acquired with 2 muon detectors scanning different zones of thedome with large overlapping volumes. Characterizing the time changes in the outgoing muon fluxin different regions allows us to study the density changes caused by steam formation, condensa-tion, water infiltration and storage.The details of the analysis is presented : region definition through common geological structures,principal component analysis of the temporal series, determination of the changes in opacity im-plied by the muon-flux changes observed. This strategy allows us to spatially constrain the three-dimensional location of the coherent density changes and to improve the quantification of the as-sociated mass changes. The obtained results on the active zone of the Soufrière of Guadeloupe’sSouth crater are presented in details.

Published
2019

31. Middle-atmosphere Dynamics Studied with a Portable Muon Detector at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland

Author

Rosas-Carbajal, M., Tramontini, M., Nussbaum, C., Gibert, Dominique, Marteau, J., Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering Perth, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), American Geophysical Union, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering [Perth ], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon)

Subjects
8494 Instruments and techniques, VOLCANOLOGY, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0994 Instruments and techniques, 0910 Data processing, EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS, 0933 Remote sensing, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

International audience; In the past years, large particle-physics experiments have shown that muon rate variations detected in underground laboratories are sensitive to regional, middle-atmosphere temperature variations. Potential applications include tracking short-term atmosphere dynamics, such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. In this work we use a portable muon detector conceived for muon tomography for geophysical applications, that is, imaging geological objects by quantifying the screening effect they have on the natural flux of cosmic muons. We study seasonal and short-term variations in the moun rate measured in the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory. This site is located in the Jura Mountains in north-western Switzerland, at a depth of ~300 meters below the Earth's surface. We found that the sensitivity to middle-atmosphere dynamics is not only limited to large-scale particle detectors, which are specifically built for neutrino and high-energy particle experiments under high-opacity conditions. Analyzing a year of continuous muon measurements, we found that changes in the thermal state of the atmosphere represent the largest cause of muon rate variations. Furthermore, muon rate variations are also sensitive to the abnormal atmosphere heating in January-February 2017, associated to a Sudden Stratospheric Warming. The estimates of the effective temperature coefficient for our particular case agree with theoretical models and with those calculated from large neutrino experiments under comparable conditions. Finally, we discuss the implications of our observations both for Atmospheric Sciences and for the Geophysics community, the latter aiming to characterize density variations in the subsurface with muon data.

Published
2019

32. Scattering from a fractal surface: acoustical experiments and comparison with near-nadir models

Author

Gautier, Stephanie and Gibert, Dominique

Subjects
Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

A homogeneous resin print of the surface of a naturally-fractured granite block with an experimental Hurst exponent H [nearly equal to] 0.7 is placed in a water tank. An acoustical source insonifies the surface in a near-nadir direction and the backscattered waves are recorded near the source. Such measurements are made at different positions along a profile above the surface in order to obtain the energy spectrum of the mean backscattered wavefield. The wavelength range considered is 0.58 [less than or equal to] [lambda] [less than or equal to] 8.72 mm in water. A synthetic energy spectrum is obtained from a model [Shepard and Campbell, Icarus 141 (1999) 156] which represents the rough surface as an ensemble of point scatterers and assumes a single-scattering regime. This model reasonably fits with the experimental spectrum with the largest discrepancies observed for [lambda] < 2.5 mm. The fit is improved in the whole wavelength interval by accounting for the long-range topography variations occurring along the averaging profile. Keywords: Geophysics; Fractal surfaces; Experimental techniques; Backscattering

Published
2004

43. Inverting thermal images to reveal steam fluxes at La Soufrière, Guadeloupe

Author

Jessop, D.E., Geffray, M.C., Carazzo, Guillaume, Aubry, T., Domoison, A.C., Harris, A.J.L., Gibert, Dominique, Komorowski, Jean-Christophe, Moretti, Roberto, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

Subjects
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

44. Long-term muon measurements to track density changes at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano

Author

Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Marteau, Jacques, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Montorio, J.-L, Gibert, Dominique, Deroussi, Sebastien, Moretti, R., Tramontini, M., Zimmerman, F., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

Subjects
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology
Abstract

International audience; Volcanoes in the Caribbean often host extremely developed hydrothermal systems. These result from the interaction of large amount of water, infiltered in the system thanks to strong precipitation regimes, with the magmatic gases and liquids rising from the magmatic chamber. Volcanic hydrothermal systems give rise to unpredictable hazards such as hydrothermal explosions, partial edifice collapse, mudflows and sudden emission of toxic gases. Characterizing the dynamics of these systems is thus critical for developing efficient risk assessment.At La Soufriere de Guadeloupe volcano, a pioneer network of muon telescopes has been installed to assess the potential of this technology to monitor the volcano's dynamic hydrothermal system. Muon imaging has emerged as a powerful method to complement standard geophysical methods in volcanology. Muon measurements yield a radiography of the average density along the muon path, allowing to image large volumes of a geological body from a single observation point. When multiple muon detectors surrounding the volcano are available, it is possible to invert these data to retrieve the 3-D density distribution in the volcano. Long-term measurements of the muon flux allow to infer density changes in the system. In the context of volcanic hydrothermal systems, this approach helps to characterize zones of steam formation, condensation, water infiltration and storage.Here we present the use of continuous muon measurements at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano as a novel methodology to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of its hydrothermal system. In this work a set of more than 1.5 years of continuous measurements simultaneously acquired with two muon detectors is analyzed. The two telescopes scan two different zones of the dome with large overlapping volumes. The changes observed are consistent among the two detectors, thus pointing to a common source of density changes inside the volcano. The method is thus a reliable tool to monitor shallow activity in the volcano and may be used in other "wet volcanoes" in combination with standard monitoring methods to quantification internal processes of mass and heat transfer in the system

Published
2019

46. The 2018 unrest phase at laSoufrì ere, Guadeloupe (FWI) andesitic volcano: scrutiny of a failed phreatic eruption

Author

Moretti, Roberto, Ucciani, Guillaume, Moune, Séverine, Jessop, David, J.-B De Chabalier, F. Beauducel, Bonifacie, Magali, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Burtin, Arnaud, Vallée, Martin, Deroussi, Sebastien, Robert, Vincent, Gibert, Dominique, Didier, Tristan, Kitou, Thierry, Feuillet, Nathalie, Allard, Patrick, Tamburello, Giancarlo, Shreve, Tara, Saurel, Jean-Marie, LeMarchand, Arnaud, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Agrinier, Patrick, Friant, Anne Le, and Chaussidon, Marc

Published
2019
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47. Muon imaging and monitoring at the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory, Switzerland

Author

tramontini, matias, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Marteau, Jacques, Zyzerman, fabio, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Gibert, Dominique, Nussbaum, Christophe, Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
VOLCANOLOGY, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, GENERAL OR MISCELLANEOUSDE: 4315 Monitoring, NATURAL HAZARDSDE: 8419 Volcano monitoring, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, forecasting, prediction, EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICSDE: 9805 Instruments useful in three or more fields, 0933 Remote sensing, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

International audience; Imaging geological objects by quantifying the screening effect they have on the natural flux of cosmic muons is a powerful method that complements standard geophysical tools in the understanding of the Earth's subsurface. Radiographies of the average density of geological bodies along the muon paths can be retrieved from muon measurements, allowing to image large volumes of rock from a single observation point. Furthermore, continuous muon measurements allow us to monitor density variations in a geological object, by tracking the time changes in the outgoing flux of muons. The Mont Terri underground rock laboratory is located in the Jura Mountains range, at a depth of around 300 meters below the Earth's surface in north-western Switzerland. Its structural setting is dominated by an anticline of Triassic-Jurassic formations, whose spatial distribution is finely characterized given the numerous boreholes and outcrops studied inside and outside the tunnel. In this work we analyze 5 muon imaging experiences performed from inside the rock laboratory from 2013 to 2017. From this dataset we obtain corresponding muon radiographies of the average density between the tunnel and the surface of the Mont Terri site at extensive directions. Moreover, at one site the muon detector continuously recorded data for a whole year. We use these data to study the density variations due to changes on the rock's fluid saturation over time in different regions of the mountain. Finally, we perform a joint interpretation with complementary geological, meteorological and geophysical data from the site.

Published
2018

48. Applied muography : from volcanology to archaelogy with a mobile muon detector (DIAPHANE / ARCHé)

Author

Marteau, Jacques, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Gibert, Dominique, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Chevalier, Antoine, Al., Et, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Since a decade the DIAPHANE collaboration has developed many detection methods in the context of volcanology to end up with the most complete existing muon detection complex on the dome of La Soufrière of Guadeloupe. Up-to-now 6 detectors are operating around this dome allowing both structural 3D imaging and functional continuous monitoring of the hydrothermal system. Although the volcanic dome has ideal proportions for muography studies in terms of opacity and timescales, it has recently emerged that applications in different fields may be worth a dedicated measurement campaign.Non invasive and non destructive measurements are a natural applications of muography in the industrial context as long as the relative opacity is large enough to be detected in a reasonable timescale. We present here the details of an upgraded mobile muon detector aimed at performing measurements on different points around the Apollonia tumulus near Thessaloniki in the North of Greece (ARCHé project). The detector has been installed for a 3 months data taking campaign in July 2018. The aim is to perform a 3D map of the tumulus and to correlate it with the results obtained previously in electrical tomography.We also show the results of a full Monte-Carlo study of the experiment, including the evaluation of the low-energy muons scattering on the target, just upstream the detector, mimicing a through-going particles. This irreducible background noise may bias the muography analysis and requires a prior characterization to conveniently correct the obtained results.

Published
2018

49. Monitoring muon flux variations besides and on a tunnel-boring machine

Author

Chevalier, Antoine, Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Marteau, Jacques, Gibert, Dominique, de Sloovere, Pierre, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Tunnel-boring projects require a considerable amount of planning, well ahead of drilling operations. Despite these precautionary measures, unexpected ground geological features (local density variations, cavities, unstable superficial ground, instabilities induced by the driller) impose real-time adaptations of the drilling operations.The direct relation of muon flux absorption with the density of a given medium, makes muography a promising solution to provide a real-time density analysis of geological objects in front of the tunnel-boring machine (TBM). To test its applicability during the drilling of the "Grand Paris Express" subway network, a muon telescope was used in two different experiments. First it was placed besides the TBM, directed towards the drilled cylinder from a lateral perspective. It was then moved directly inside the TBM for the rest of the drilling operation. These experiments provide an unique dataset to optimize the methodology.The data interpretation remains technically challenging due to the poissonian nature of muon events. The muon flux is estimated through the averaging of point events during a limited time window, leading to possible misinterpretations of pure statistically natural fluctuations of the muons events. Numerical routines have been developed to compute the theoretical muon flux variations for different drilling trajectories, depths, and speeds, in a medium with heteregenous density.For the first experiment, good matches are obtained with experimental values. A blind analysis of the reconstructed TBM's time dependant position puts strong constraints on the time and spatial resolution of the method. For the second data set, because the telescope is moving forward and at an irregular pace, the muon flux crossing a particular geological object measured by the telescope has different directions with respect to time, allowing 3D density estimates. First attempts to reconstruct 3D density distribution of the ground, using inhomogeneous poisson likelihood, are presented.

Published
2018

50. Long-term, coupled muon measurements to track density changes at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano

Author

Rosas-Carbajal, Marina, Marteau, Jacques, tramontini, matias, Zyzerman, fabio, De Bremond D'Ars, Jean, Le Gonidec, Yves, Carlus, Bruno, Ianigro, Jean-Christophe, Deroussi, Sébastien, Gibert, Dominique, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Volcanologique et sismologique de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

International audience; Volcanic hydrothermal systems give rise to unpredictable hazards such as hydrothermal explosions, partial edifice collapse, mudflows and sudden emission of toxic gases. Characterizing the dynamics of these systems is thus critical for developing efficient risk assessment.Here we present the use of continuous muon measurements at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano as a novel methodology to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of its hydrothermal system. Six muon telescopes acquire data continuously around the lava dome since 2015. In this work a set of more than 1.5 years of continuous measurements acquired with two muon detectors is analyzed. The two telescopes scan two different zones of the dome with large overlapping volumes. Characterizing the time changes in the outgoing muon flux in different regions allows us to study the density changes caused by steam formation, condensation, water infiltration and storage. First, we define these regions according to the different geological structures in the volcano presenting characteristic behaviors: active/non-active fumarolic zones, and shallow/deeper sections of the system. We then perform a principal component analysis of the temporal series to identify which lines-of-sight of the two telescopes present coherent temporal variations. Finally, we make use of calibrated static muon radiographies to determine the changes in opacity implied by the muon-flux changes observed. This strategy allows us to spatially constrain the three-dimensional location of the coherent density changes and to improve the quantification of the associated mass changes.

Published
2018

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