Search

CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ∼250 kg of isotopic mass of 100Mo. It will operate at ∼10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of 100Mo-enriched Li2MoO4 crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70-90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained high energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a 133Ba source, as good as Ge semiconductor γ detectors in this energy range.

An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, μBq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by 228Th and 226Ra.

CUPID is a next-generation tonne-scale bolometric neutrinoless double beta decay experiment that will probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos and discover lepton number violation in case of observation of this singular process. CUPID will be built on experience, expertise and lessons learned in CUORE and will be installed in the current CUORE infra-structure in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The CUPID detector technology, successfully tested in the CUPID-Mo experiment, is based on scintillating bolometers of Li2MoO4 enriched in the isotope of interest 100Mo. In order to achieve its ambitious science goals, the CUPID collaboration aims to reduce the backgrounds in the region of interest by a factor 100 with respect to CUORE. This performance will be achieved by introducing the high efficient α/β discrimination demonstrated by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo experiments, and using a high transition energy double beta decay nucleus such as 100Mo to minimize the impact of the gamma background. CUPID will consist of about 1500 hybrid heat-light detectors for a total isotope mass of 250 kg. The CUPID scientific reach is supported by a detailed and safe background model based on CUORE, CUPID-Mo and CUPID-0 results. The required performances have already been demonstrated and will be presented.

Next-generation experiments searching for rare events must satisfy increasingly stringent requirements on the bulk and surface radioactive contamination of their active and structural materials. The measurement of surface contamination is particularly challenging, as no existing technology is capable of separately measuring parts of the 232Th and 238U decay chains that are commonly found to be out of secular equilibrium. We will present the results obtained with a detector prototype consisting of 8 silicon wafers of 150 mm diameter instrumented as bolometers and operated in a low-background dilution refrigerator at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory of INFN, Italy. The prototype was characterized by a baseline energy resolution of few keV and a background

In this contribution we present the achievements of the CUORE experiment so far. It is the first tonne-scale bolometric detector and it is in stable data taking since 2018. We reached to collect about 1800 kg×yr of exposure of which more than 1 ton×year have been analysed. The CUORE detector is meant to search for the neutrinoless double β decay (0νββ) of the 130Te isotope. This is a beyond Standard Model process which could establish the nature of the neutrino to be Dirac or a Majorana particle. It is an alternative mode of the two-neutrinos double β decay, a rare decay which have been precisely measured by CUORE in the 130Te. We found no evidence of the 0νββ and we set a Bayesian lower limit of 2.2 ×1025yr on its half-life. The expertise achieved by CUORE set a milestone for any future bolometric detector, including CUPID, which is the planned next generation experiment searching for 0νββ with scintillating bolometers.

Neste estudo problematizamos a questão do machismo, que é responsável por validar comportamentos que originam e corroboram com a violência doméstica, a ponto de resultar em um paradigma que perpetua na atualidade. Ao caminhar na contramão dessa situação, e valendo-se de mecanismos culturais que desconstroem o paradigma mencionado, investigamos o quanto as mídias brasileiras são agentes transformadores da realidade social, sobretudo por utilizarem as teledramaturgias como forma de conscientização da população. Nesta perspectiva, objetivamos analisar algumas contribuições das mídias no processo de desconstrução do paradigma do machismo e da violência doméstica no Brasil. A pesquisa bibliográfica aborda questões como: sociedade patriarcal e machismo; violência doméstica e legislação brasileira; Lei Nº 13.340/06 conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha; influência exercida pelas mídias na desconstrução do machismo e da violência doméstica, entre outras. Mediante o estudo realizado, percebemos que, a partir dos anos 2000, diversas teledramaturgias e propagandas abordaram questões inerentes à violência doméstica e ao machismo, apontando para a necessidade de superação dessa problemática social na cultura brasileira.

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN in Italy is an experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Its main goal is to investigate this decay in ^{130}Te, but its ton-scale mass and low background make CUORE sensitive to other rare processes as well. In this Letter, we present our first results on the search for 0νββ decay of ^{128}Te, the Te isotope with the second highest natural isotopic abundance. We find no evidence for this decay, and using a Bayesian analysis we set a lower limit on the ^{128}Te 0νββ decay half-life of T_{1/2}>3.6×10^{24}  yr (90% CI). This represents the most stringent limit on the half-life of this isotope, improving by over a factor of 30 the previous direct search results, and exceeding those from geochemical experiments for the first time.

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most sensitive experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in 130Te. CUORE uses a cryogenic array of 988 TeO2 calorimeters operated at ∼10 mK with a total mass of 741 kg. To further increase the sensitivity, the detector response must be well understood. Here, we present a non-linear thermal model for the CUORE experiment on a detector-by-detector basis. We have examined both equilibrium and dynamic electro-thermal models of detectors by numerically fitting non-linear differential equations to the detector data of a subset of CUORE channels which are well characterized and representative of all channels. We demonstrate that the hot-electron effect and electric-field dependence of resistance in NTD-Ge thermistors alone are inadequate to describe our detectors' energy-dependent pulse shapes. We introduce an empirical second-order correction factor in the exponential temperature dependence of the thermistor, which produces excellent agreement with energy-dependent pulse shape data up to 6 MeV. We also present a noise analysis using the fitted thermal parameters and show that the intrinsic thermal noise is negligible compared to the observed noise for our detectors.

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a large-scale cryogenic experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in Te130. The CUORE detector is made of natural tellurium, providing the possibility of rare event searches on isotopes other than Te130. In this work we describe a search for neutrinoless positron-emitting electron capture (β+EC) decay in Te120 with a total TeO2 exposure of 355.7 kg yr, corresponding to 0.2405 kg yr of Te120. Albeit 0νββ with two final-state electrons represents the most promising channel, the emission of a positron and two 511-keV γ's make 0νβ+EC decay signature extremely clear. To fully exploit the potential offered by the detector modularity we include events with different topology and perform a simultaneous fit of five selected signal signatures. Using blinded data we extract a median exclusion sensitivity of 3.4×1022 yr at 90% credibility interval (C.I.). After unblinding we find no evidence of 0νβ+EC signal and set a 90% C.I. Bayesian lower limit of 2.9×1022 yr on Te120 half-life. This result improves by an order of magnitude the existing limit from the combined analysis of CUORE-0 and Cuoricino.

Most passerines use fat to fuel migration and pause at stopover sites to rest or refuel. Moreover, during spring migration, en route to breeding grounds, passerines may deposit 'excess' fat as either insurance against unpredictable environmental conditions or in anticipation of breeding. We analyzed the energetic condition of Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), Swainson's Thrush (C. ustulatus), and Veery (C. fuscescens) during spring and autumn migration at the Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (Rochester, New York, USA). We used path analysis to determine if the 'spring fatter' or insurance hypotheses could help explain some of the variation in energetic condition in Catharus thrushes by designing and analyzing biologically plausible models of the potential effects of season, capture date, hour captured, and age on energetic condition during stopover. While path models differed among species and seasons, capture (or arrival) date was the strongest predictor of energetic condition; contrary to the insurance hypothesis condition increased with date during both seasons for all species. Hour of capture predicted much less variation in condition but was consistently positive (when significant). In long-distance migrants (i.e., Swainson's Thrush and Veery), less experienced or young migrants exhibited better condition than adults regardless of arriving later, which was revealed by including a direct path between age and condition and an indirect path mediated via capture date to control for potential differences in arrival timing related to age. Despite being closely related, we found only a few patterns in common among Swainson's Thrush, Hermit Thrush, and Veery. We suspect differences in phenology, flight, morphology, and migratory strategy may play a significant role in the differences among these species. Key words: confirmatory path analysis, insurance hypothesis, migration, songbirds, 'spring fatter' hypothesis, stopover ecology, structural equation modeling. La mayoría de las aves paserinas utilizan la grasa para impulsar la migración y los sitios de escala para descansar o recargarse. Por ejemplo, durante la migración de primavera, camino a las zonas de reproducción, las aves paserinas pueden formar depósitos de grasa ya sea como seguro contra condiciones ambientales impredecibles o en anticipación a la reproducción. Analizamos la condición energética de los zorzales Catharus guttatus, C. ustulatus, y C. fuscescens durante las migraciones de primavera y de otoño en Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (Rochester, New York, USA). Utilizamos análisis de trayectorias para determinar si la hipotésis de 'más gordo en primavera' o la hipótesis de aseguramiento podrían explicar parte de la variación en la condición energética de zorzales Catharus al diseñar y analizar modelos biológicamente posibles de efectos potenciales de estacionalidad, fecha de captura, hora de captura y edad en la condición energética durante su escala. Aunque los modelos de trayectoria difirieron entre especies y estaciones, la fecha de captura (o llegada) fue el predictor más importante de condición energética y esta condición se incrementó a lo largo de ambas estaciones para todas las especies. La hora de captura predijo mucha menos variación pero fue consistentemente positiva (cuando fue significativa). En aves migratorias de larga distancia (como los zorzales C. ustulatus y C. fuscescens), las aves migratorias con menos experiencia o más jóvenes mostraban mejor condición que los adultos aunque llegaran más tarde, lo que fue revelado al incluir una trayectoria directa entre la edad y la condición y una trayectoria indirecta mediada por la fecha de captura para controlar por diferencias potenciales en el tiempo de llegada relacionadas a la edad. A pesar de su relación cercana, encontramos solo unos pocos patrones relacionados entre los zorzales C guttatus, C. ustulatus, y C. fuscescens. Sospechamos que diferencias en fenología, vuelo, morfología y estrategia migratoria pueden jugar un papel importante en las diferencias entre estas especies. Palabras clave: análisis de confirmación de trayectoria, aves canoras, ecología de escala, hipótesis de aseguramiento, hipótesis de 'más gordo en primavera', migración, modelado de ecuaciones estructurales., Energy is essential to the success of biannual passerine migration between breeding and wintering grounds (Blem 1980). Migrants undergo physiological and behavioral changes, such as hyperphagia or increasing basal metabolism, [...]

CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinolessdouble $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature ofthe neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment,presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background freeenvironment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupledto light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows usto reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by theCUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of thefirst test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a newoptimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance theengineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heatdetectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the$Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection ofthe baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration whichfeatures gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtainedan improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and wevalidated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensuresan $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying therequirements for CUPID.

CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double β decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li2100MoO4 crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of α particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 ± 0.2) keV FWHM at the Q-value of 100Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors’ mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an α particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID.

O artigo possui como principal intuito a compreensão de como a corrente filosófica do pós-estruturalismo tem abarcado os estudos de gênero e avançado em busca de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária. Salienta-se que o objeto de pesquisa que originará a tese consiste na construção das feminilidades nas universidades UNITEPC (Universidad Técnica Privada Cosmos) e do Instituto Técnico Privado ambas em Puerto Quijarro/Bolívia. Tais constatações são necessárias para a compreensão da dinâmica social boliviana e suas deficiências buscando o fortalecimento dos estudos de gênero tanto no país vizinho quanto no Brasil. Importante mencionar, que esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que possui como aporte teórico os pesquisadores que se enquadram nesse movimento filosófico, tais como Hall (1980), Peters (2000), Louro (1997), Xavier Filha (2016), dentre outros. Evidencia-se que essas investigações poderão contribuir com a diminuição de preconceito e discriminação no âmbito educacional, além do âmbito social, escrutinando a constituição de alternativas que busquem a construção de uma sociedade igualitária, inclusiva e autônoma.

In bacteria, evolution of resistance to one antibiotic is frequently associated with increased resistance (cross-resistance) or increased susceptibility (collateral sensitivity) to other antibiotics. Cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity are typically evaluated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). However, these susceptibility changes are not well characterized with respect to the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), the antibiotic concentration that prevents a single-step mutation from occurring. We measured the MIC and the MPC for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 14 single-drug resistant strains against seven antibiotics. We found that the MIC and the MPC were positively correlated but that this correlation weakened if cross-resistance did not evolve. If any type of resistance did evolve, the range of concentrations between the MIC and the MPC tended to shift right and widen. Similar patterns of cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity were observed at the MIC and MPC levels, though more symmetry was observed at the MIC level. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in both known-target and nontarget genes. Moving forward, examining both the MIC and the MPC may lead to better predictions of evolutionary trajectories in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Resumo Termo de consentimento é a expressão de uma decisão voluntária, tomada após processo informativo, no sentido de aceitar um tratamento considerando riscos, benefícios e possíveis consequências. Este estudo analisou o papel do termo de consentimento em decisões do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo. No período de um ano, realizou-se busca com as palavras-chave “termo de consentimento” e “erro médico”, e os dados dos 65 acórdãos estudados foram expostos mediante recursos do programa Excel. Em 15 casos não se utilizou o documento, dos quais 12 demostraram falta do dever de informar. Em 31% dos processos houve condenação do réu e a maioria dos autores que receberam compensação financeira fez jus a indenização por danos morais. As áreas de atuação na medicina que mais figuraram como rés foram cirurgia plástica e ginecologia e obstetrícia. Ficou demonstrada a relevância da aplicação do termo de consentimento e da atuação do perito médico.

O estudo versa sobre os direitos humanos e o gênero feminino e tem como objetivo analisar os direitos adquiridos pelas mulheres com ênfase no mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, a pesquisa documental se delimita em três etapas: inicialmente abordamos sobre o conceito de gênero feminino e os direitos humanos adquiridos ao longo da história; em seguida analisamos os direitos das mulheres no Brasil, com ênfase nas conquistas do direito público interno e sua efetividade; e por fim destacamos a luta pela igualdade de gênero no mundo do trabalho, tanto em âmbito nacional quanto internacional, segundo a perspectiva dos direitos humanos. Como resultado do estudo, sinalizamos que a legislação brasileira tem buscado seguir as diretrizes impostas pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), porém a sua aplicabilidade encontra-se fragilizada, visto que as mulheres, em pleno século XXI, ainda têm suas vidas ceifadas e os seus direitos no mundo do trabalho desrespeitados. Portanto, é preciso mudar essa realidade, a fim de garantir que todas as pessoas do gênero feminino tenham os seus direitos garantidos, inclusive no âmbito do trabalho.

Objetivo: estudar o suicídio na população idosa do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, evidenciando as características pessoais, do evento e alguns de seus possíveis fatores de risco. Metodologia: os dados utilizados provêm da Secretaria da Segurança Pública do Estado de São Paulo, com base em boletins de ocorrência, complementados por informações advindas do Instituto Médico Legal. Resultados: os resultados mostraram a ocorrência de 380 mortes por suicídio de idosos, em 2015, projetando taxa de mortalidade igual a 6,7 por cem mil habitantes, com nítida predominância do sexo masculino e da faixa etária 75 anos ou mais. O enforcamento foi o método mais utilizado, seguido de intoxicação exógena, em ambos os sexos; o terceiro posto foi ocupado por arma de fogo, nos homens, e precipitação de lugar elevado nas mulheres. Conhecidos como importante fator de risco para o suicídio, os transtornos mentais, principalmente a depressão, foram mencionados em 38,2% dos casos como possíveis motivadores do ato suicida. Além disso, foram mencionadas outras patologias em 20,3% e outros problemas, tais como os de relacionamentos pessoais, perdas familiares e problemas financeiros, em 18,2% dos casos. Verificou-se também terem ocorrido tentativas anteriores de suicídio em 36 casos. Conclusões: os resultados possibilitaram estabelecer o perfil epidemiológico do suicídio nessa população, além de conhecer detalhes sobre os possíveis fatores de risco, elementos extremamente importantes quando se pensa em prevenção. Pela riqueza de detalhes, o uso dessa fonte deve ter estimulado em complementação ao Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM/MS).

Objectives:Understanding how phenotypic traits vary has been a longstanding goal of evolutionary biologists. When examining antibiotic-resistance in bacteria, it is generally understood that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has minimal variation specific to each bacterial strain-antibiotic combination. However, there is a less studied resistance trait, the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), which measures the MIC of the most resistant sub-population. Whether and how MPC varies has been poorly understood. Here, we ask a simple, yet important question: How much does the MPC vary, within a single strain-antibiotic association? Using a Staphylococcus species and five antibiotics from five different antibiotic classes-ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and oxacillin-we examined the frequency of resistance for a wide range of concentrations per antibiotic, and measured the repeatability of the MPC, the lowest amount of antibiotic that would ensure no surviving cells in a 1010 population of bacteria. Results: We found a wide variation within the MPC and distributions that were rarely normal. When antibiotic resistance evolved, the distribution of the MPC changed, with all distributions becoming wider and some multi-modal. Conclusion: Unlike the MIC, there is high variability in the MPC for a given bacterial strain-antibiotic combination.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the role of autopsy in the diagnosis of missed injuries (MI) and definition of trauma quality program goals. Method: Retrospective analysis of autopsy reports and patient’s charts. Injuries present in the autopsy, but not in the chart, were defined as “missed”. MI were characterized using Goldman’s criteria: Class I, if the diagnosis would have modified the management and outcome; Class II, if it would have modified the management, but not the outcome; Class III, if it would not have modified neither the management nor the outcome. We used Mann-Whitney’s U and Pearson’s chi square for statistical analysis, considering p

Many passerines regularly use flight calls to communicate during migration. However, flight-calling is inconsistent throughout the day. with a markedly lower degree of calling by free-flying individuals during the early evening hours and with peaks in calling typically around dawn. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that individual flight call response would vary by time of day, and the likelihood to respond would be lower at dusk than during the daytime. We tested daytime and dusk flight call responsiveness of captive American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) and Magnolia Warblers (S. magnolia) during spring migration at the Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (near Rochester, New York, USA). We played a conspecific flight call sound stimulus for individual birds placed inside a soundproof recording studio and recorded their acoustic responses. In our experiment. American Redstarts and Magnolia Warblers were significantly less likely to give flight call responses at dusk than the individuals tested during the daytime. The almost absent responsiveness to flight calls at dusk suggests that these species either minimally communicate with one another during take-off or do not use llight calls as a source of communication at this time. These results have important implications for detection and quantitative bioacoustics migration monitoring. They also demonstrate the need for additional studies in temporal flight-calling behavior. Key words: avian communication, bioacoustics. flight-calling, migration. New World warblers, wood warblers. Muchas paserinas usan regularmente llamados on vuelo para comunicarse durante la migracion. Sin embargo, los llamados en vuelo son inconsistentes a lo largo del dia. con un marcado mcnor grado de llamado en individuos en vuelo libre durante la parte temprana del atardecer y con picos en estos llamados tipicamente alrededor del amanecer. Con base en esas observaciones, nuestra hipotesis fue que la respuesta a llamados en vuelo seria mas baja al anochecer que durante el dia. Sometimos a prueba cuan responsivos eran individuos cautivps de los chipes Setophaga ruticilla y S. magnolia durante la migracion de primavera en Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (cerca de Rochester, NY. F.U?). Tocamos grabaciones estimulo de llamados de vuelo de conespecificos a individuos de ambas aves en el interior de un cstudio de grabacion a prueba de ruido y grabamos sus respuestas aciisticas. En nuestro experimento..S. ruticilla y.V magnolia t'ueron significativamentc menos proclives a cmitir llamados de vuelo de respuesta al anocheeer que aquellos individuos sometidos a prueba durante el dia. La casi auscnte respuesta a llamados de vuelo al anocheeer sugiere que estas. especies se comunican de manera minima unos eon otros durante el despegue o no usan los llamados en vuelo como fuente de comunieacidn en este periodo. Kstos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para la deteceion y el monitoreo bioacustico euantitativo de la migracion. Tambien demuestran la necesidad de estudios adicionales sobre el patron temporal del comportamiento de llamado en vuelo. Palabras clave: bioacustica. chipes del Nuevo Mundo. comunicacion aviar. llamados en vuelo. migracion., Many passerines give flight calls during a nightly migratory flight (Gauthreaux 1972, Evans and Rosenberg 2000). Additionally, flight calling is a common occurrence during the daytime (Gauthreaux 1972, Evans and [...]

Abstract In bacteria, evolution of resistance to one antibiotic is frequently associated with increased resistance (cross‐resistance) or increased susceptibility (collateral sensitivity) to other antibiotics. Cross‐resistance and collateral sensitivity are typically evaluated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). However, these susceptibility changes are not well characterized with respect to the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), the antibiotic concentration that prevents a single‐step mutation from occurring. We measured the MIC and the MPC for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 14 single‐drug resistant strains against seven antibiotics. We found that the MIC and the MPC were positively correlated but that this correlation weakened if cross‐resistance did not evolve. If any type of resistance did evolve, the range of concentrations between the MIC and the MPC tended to shift right and widen. Similar patterns of cross‐resistance and collateral sensitivity were observed at the MIC and MPC levels, though more symmetry was observed at the MIC level. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed mutations in both known‐target and nontarget genes. Moving forward, examining both the MIC and the MPC may lead to better predictions of evolutionary trajectories in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.

Violência sexual é qualquer ato sexual indesejado voltado contra a sexualidade de uma pessoa, praticado por qualquer pessoa, independentemente de sua relação com a vítima, em qualquer cenário. A literatura sobre violência sexual contra crianças do sexo masculino é escassa. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os atos libidinosos referidos por vulneráveis do sexo masculino atendidos em 2014 na Equipe de Perícias Médico Legais Bem Me Quer do Instituto Médico Legal do Estado de São Paulo (IML), além de dados epidemiológicos, como idade das supostas vítimas, relação interpessoal com o alegado agressor, tempo ocorrido entre a suposta violência e a perícia, presença de lesões corporais e positividade na coleta de espermatozoides. Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de dados coletados de perícias realizadas no ano 2014. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram estudados os laudos de 127 vulneráveis do sexo masculino. O suposto ato libidinoso referido mais frequente foi o coito anal (25%). A média de idade das supostas vítimas foi 6,85 anos. O alegado agressor mais comum foi um conhecido (25%). Em 23% dos casos, o exame pericial ocorreu dentro das primeiras 24 horas, e em 10% dos casos foi constatada lesão corporal de natureza leve. Não houve positividade da coleta de espermatozoide, o que prejudica a comprovação da violência sexual.

Objective: to identify factors associated to the time of death of trauma victims. Method: a retrospective cohort that analyzed autopsy reports of trauma victims admitted in 2015 at the Central Institute of Forensic Medicine of São Paulo, Brazil. The time of death was identified from the trauma moment to the confirmation of death. The generalized linear model was applied to analyze the data. Results: among the 1,500 fatal victims (75.7% were men; mean age of 49.7 years old), falls prevailed (33.5%), followed by aggressions (27.8%). The factors associated with the time of death were the number of body areas affected (p0.001), type of trauma (p0.001), gender (p=0.009), trauma severity according to the New Injury Severity Score (p0.001), assaults (p0.001), and intentionally self-harm injuries (p0.001). Conclusion: women, victims of traumas with the intention of causing death and with high severity presented a reduced survival time after the injury(ies).

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are a natural process in ruminants and can result in up to 12% of energy losses. Hence, decreasing enteric CH4 production constitutes an important step towards improving the feed efficiency of Brazilian cattle herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between performance, residual feed intake (RFI), and enteric CH4 emission in growing Nellore cattle (Bos indicus). Performance, RFI and CH4 emission data were obtained from 489 animals participating in selection programs (mid-test age and body weight: 414±159 days and 356±135 kg, respectively) that were evaluated in 12 performance tests carried out in individual pens (n = 95) or collective paddocks (n = 394) equipped with electronic feed bunks. The sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique was used to measure daily CH4 emissions. The following variables were estimated: CH4 emission rate (g/day), residual methane emission and emission expressed per mid-test body weight, metabolic body weight, dry matter intake (CH4/DMI), average daily gain, and ingested gross energy (CH4/GE). Animals classified as negative RFI (RFI0). Nonetheless, more efficient animals emitted more CH4/DMI and CH4/GE (P < 0.0001), suggesting that the difference in daily intake between animals is a determinant factor for the difference in daily enteric CH4 emissions. In addition, animals classified as negative RFI emitted less CH4 per kg mid-test weight and metabolic weight (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0033, respectively), i.e., most efficient animals could emit less CH4 per kg of carcass. In conclusion, more efficient animals produced less methane when expressed as g/day and per kg mid-test weight than less efficient animals, suggesting lower emissions per kg of carcass produced. However, it is not possible to state that feed efficiency has a direct effect on enteric CH4 emissions since emissions per kg of consumed dry matter and the percentage of gross energy lost as CH4 are higher for more efficient animals.

Resumo: Restrições médicas ao trabalho das mulheres aeronautas no período gestacional são estabelecidas no mundo todo. No Brasil, mudanças recentes na avaliação médico pericial dessas profissionais geraram conflitos entre as partes envolvidas e colocaram o assunto em voga. O presente estudo tem por finalidade apresentar o cenário atual que envolve o afastamento laboral das gestantes aeronautas no Brasil. Desenvolvimento: Os aeronautas no Brasil possuem uma regulamentação própria desenvolvida pela Agência Nacional da Aviação Civil (ANAC) que considera como inapta a gestante a partir do momento do diagnóstico da gravidez. Esta legislação era levada em conta nas perícias realizadas pelas Juntas Mistas do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS), que deferiam benefício auxílio-doença nesses casos. Contudo, a partir de maio de 2017 esses profissionais passaram a ser avaliados como os demais segurados do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), e, por isso, as gestantes começaram a ter seus benefícios indeferidos, ficando no chamado limbo trabalhista previdenciário. Após decisão judicial emitida em novembro de 2017, esta situação foi modificada e os mesmos pedidos voltaram a ser deferidos, mas agora somente com avaliação documental administrativa, ou seja, sem realização de perícia médica. Conclusão: Existe uma divergência entre as leis que regulamentam a aviação e as que regem a Previdência Social resolvida, até o momento, por decisão judicial após reivindicação do sindicato, a qual deferiu o pagamento de auxílio-doença por incapacidade para essas profissionais de forma administrativa, algo até então sem precedentes.