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1. Empirical and process-based models predict enhanced beech growth in European mountains under climate change scenarios: A multimodel approach

Author

Slovak Research and Development Agency, Slovenian Research Agency, Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Junta de Castilla y León, European Commission, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria), Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Marcis, Peter [0000-0001-5143-3509], Merganičová, Katarina [0000-0003-4380-7472], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], Coll, Lluís [0000-0002-8035-5949], Cseke, Klára [0000-0002-1728-5167], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Montes, Fernando [0000-0001-5859-8533], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Stojanovic, Dejan [0000-0003-2967-2049], Svoboda, Miroslav [0000-0003-4050-3422], Tonon, Giustino [0000-0002-4851-0662], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Bosela, Michal, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Marcis, Peter, Merganičová, Katarina, Fleischer, Peter, Forrester, David I., Uhl, Enno, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Bielak, Kamil, Bravo, Felipe, Coll, Lluís, Cseke, Klára, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Dobor, Laura, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Montes, Fernando, Pach, Maciej, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tonon, Giustino, Versace, Soraya, Mitrovic, Suzana, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Pretzsch, Hans, Tognetti, Roberto, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Slovenian Research Agency, Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Junta de Castilla y León, European Commission, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria), Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Marcis, Peter [0000-0001-5143-3509], Merganičová, Katarina [0000-0003-4380-7472], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], Coll, Lluís [0000-0002-8035-5949], Cseke, Klára [0000-0002-1728-5167], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Montes, Fernando [0000-0001-5859-8533], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Stojanovic, Dejan [0000-0003-2967-2049], Svoboda, Miroslav [0000-0003-4050-3422], Tonon, Giustino [0000-0002-4851-0662], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Bosela, Michal, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Marcis, Peter, Merganičová, Katarina, Fleischer, Peter, Forrester, David I., Uhl, Enno, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Bielak, Kamil, Bravo, Felipe, Coll, Lluís, Cseke, Klára, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Dobor, Laura, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Montes, Fernando, Pach, Maciej, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tonon, Giustino, Versace, Soraya, Mitrovic, Suzana, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Pretzsch, Hans, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

Process-based models and empirical modelling techniques are frequently used to (i) explore the sensitivity of tree growth to environmental variables, and (ii) predict the future growth of trees and forest stands under climate change scenarios. However, modelling approaches substantially influence predictions of the sensitivity of trees to environmental factors. Here, we used tree-ring width (TRW) data from 1630 beech trees from a network of 70 plots established across European mountains to build empirical predictive growth models using various modelling approaches. In addition, we used 3-PG and Biome-BGCMuSo process-based models to compare growth predictions with derived empirical models. Results revealed similar prediction errors (RMSE) across models ranging between 3.71 and 7.54 cm2 of basal area increment (BAI). The models explained most of the variability in BAI ranging from 54 % to 87 %. Selected explanatory variables (despite being statistically highly significant) and the pattern of the growth sensitivity differed between models substantially. We identified only five factors with the same effect and the same sensitivity pattern in all empirical models: tree DBH, competition index, elevation, Gini index of DBH, and soil silt content. However, the sensitivity to most of the climate variables was low and inconsistent among the empirical models. Both empirical and process-based models suggest that beech in European mountains will, on average, likely experience better growth conditions under both 4.5 and 8.5 RCP scenarios. The process-based models indicated that beech may grow better across European mountains by 1.05 to 1.4 times in warmer conditions. The empirical models identified several drivers of tree growth that are not included in the current process-based models (e.g., different nutrients) but may have a substantial effect on final results, particularly if they are limiting factors. Hence, future development of process-based models may build upon our findi

Published
2023

2. Correction to: Soil erodibility in European mountain beech forests (Can. J. For. Res. 51, 12, 1846–1855, 2021, 10.1139/cjfr-2020-0361)

Author

Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Hukic, Emira [0000-0002-5209-637X], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Coll, Lluis [0000-0002-8035-5949], Czacharowski, Marcin [0000-0001-7873-3149], Gajica, Gordana [0000-0002-7875-8984], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo [0000-0002-8258-7401], Klopcic, Matija [000-0003-2619-9073], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Randjelović, Dragana [0000-0001-6608-5041], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Orlić, Jovana [0000-0002-0338-2441], Tonon, Giustino [0000-0002-4851-0662], Tosti, Tomislav [0000-0002-1403-4688], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Veselinovic, Gorica [0000-0001-6939-451X], Veselinovic, Milorad [0000-0002-2134-7631], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Hukic, Emira, Bellan, Michal, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Coll, Lluís, Czacharowski, Marcin, Gajica, Gordana, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo, Klopcic, Matija, Mitrovic, Suzana, Pach, Maciej, Randjelović, Dragana, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Orlić, Jovana, Štrbac, Snežana, Stojadinovic, Sanja, Tonon, Giustino, Tosti, Tomislav, Uhl, Enno, Veselinovic, Gorica, Veselinovic, Milorad, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Hukic, Emira [0000-0002-5209-637X], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Coll, Lluis [0000-0002-8035-5949], Czacharowski, Marcin [0000-0001-7873-3149], Gajica, Gordana [0000-0002-7875-8984], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo [0000-0002-8258-7401], Klopcic, Matija [000-0003-2619-9073], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Randjelović, Dragana [0000-0001-6608-5041], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Orlić, Jovana [0000-0002-0338-2441], Tonon, Giustino [0000-0002-4851-0662], Tosti, Tomislav [0000-0002-1403-4688], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Veselinovic, Gorica [0000-0001-6939-451X], Veselinovic, Milorad [0000-0002-2134-7631], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Hukic, Emira, Bellan, Michal, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Coll, Lluís, Czacharowski, Marcin, Gajica, Gordana, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo, Klopcic, Matija, Mitrovic, Suzana, Pach, Maciej, Randjelović, Dragana, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Orlić, Jovana, Štrbac, Snežana, Stojadinovic, Sanja, Tonon, Giustino, Tosti, Tomislav, Uhl, Enno, Veselinovic, Gorica, Veselinovic, Milorad, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

Please note that the author name Bielak was spelled incorrectly in the original publication. Also, the affiliation for author Milorad Veselinovíc was incorrect; it should be Institute of Forestry, Kneza Viseslava 3, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.

Published
2022

3. Soil erodibility in european mountain beech forests

Author

Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Hukic, Emira [0000-0002-5209-637X], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bialek, Kamil [0000-0002-9982-1145], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Coll, Lluis [0000-0002-8035-5949], Czacharowski, Marcin [0000-0001-7873-3149], Gajica, Gordana [0000-0002-7875-8984], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo [0000-0002-8258-7401], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Randjelović, Dragana [0000-0001-6608-5041], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Orlić, Jovana [0000-0002-0338-2441], Štrbac, Snežana [0000-0001-6596-890X], Stojadinovic, Sanja [0000-0002-7848-0580], Tonon, Giustino [000-0002-4851-0662], Tosti, Tomislav [0000-0002-1403-4688], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Veselinovic, Gorica [000-0001-6939-451X], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176]], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Hukic, Emira, Bellan, Michal, Bialek, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Coll, Lluís, Czacharowski, Marcin, Gajica, Gordana, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo, Klopcic, Matija, Mitrovic, Suzana, Pach, Maciej, Randjelović, Dragana, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Orlić, Jovana, Štrbac, Snežana, Stojadinovic, Sanja, Tonon, Giustino, Tosti, Tomislav, Uhl, Enno, Veselinovic, Gorica, Veselinovic, Milorad, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kašanin-Grubin, Milica [0000-0002-7764-2509], Hukic, Emira [0000-0002-5209-637X], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Bialek, Kamil [0000-0002-9982-1145], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Coll, Lluis [0000-0002-8035-5949], Czacharowski, Marcin [0000-0001-7873-3149], Gajica, Gordana [0000-0002-7875-8984], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Gömöryová, Erika [0000-0002-0374-1168], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo [0000-0002-8258-7401], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Mitrovic, Suzana [0000-0003-1855-4418], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Randjelović, Dragana [0000-0001-6608-5041], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Orlić, Jovana [0000-0002-0338-2441], Štrbac, Snežana [0000-0001-6596-890X], Stojadinovic, Sanja [0000-0002-7848-0580], Tonon, Giustino [000-0002-4851-0662], Tosti, Tomislav [0000-0002-1403-4688], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Veselinovic, Gorica [000-0001-6939-451X], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176]], Kašanin-Grubin, Milica, Hukic, Emira, Bellan, Michal, Bialek, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Coll, Lluís, Czacharowski, Marcin, Gajica, Gordana, Giammarchi, Francesco, Gömöryová, Erika, Río, Miren del, Dinca, Lucian, Mracevic, Svetlana Dogo, Klopcic, Matija, Mitrovic, Suzana, Pach, Maciej, Randjelović, Dragana, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Orlić, Jovana, Štrbac, Snežana, Stojadinovic, Sanja, Tonon, Giustino, Tosti, Tomislav, Uhl, Enno, Veselinovic, Gorica, Veselinovic, Milorad, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

Forests in Europe are currently not endangered by soil erosion. However, this can change with climate change or with intensified forest management practices. Using a newly established network of plots in beech forests across Europe, the aims of this study were to (i) distinguish soil properties and erodibility indices in relation to bedrock, (ii) determine geochemical properties and organic carbon (Corg ) influencing erodibility, and (iii) assess the effect of soil depth on erodibility indices. Seventy-six soil samples from 20 beech forests were collected in 11 countries to quantify soil properties influencing erodibility indices: clay ratio, modified clay ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, and oxides ratio. The results indicate that the dominant soil properties, determined by bedrock, that correlate with forest soil erodibility indices are Corg, pH, electrical conductivity, calcium and sodium ions concentrations, total water-soluble cations, and the percentage of sand. According to the tested indices, soil susceptibility to erosion follows the order granite > andesite > sandstone > quartzite > limestone. Deeper soil horizons on granite are more susceptible to erosion than surface horizons are, but this is not the case for soils on limestones. In conclusion, forest management should consider the predisposition of different soil types to erosion.

Published
2021

4. European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests

Author

European Commission, Bavarian State Forests, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Research Institute (Hungary), Government of Poland, Slovenian Research Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], de-Dios-García, J. [0000-0003-3706-3390], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Hoehn, Maria [0000-0002-3630-5485], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopčič, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Ordóñez, Cristóbal [0000-0001-5354-3760], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Río, Miren del, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-García, J., Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lévesque, Mathieu, Lombardi, Fabio, Matović, Bratislav, Ordóñez, Cristóbal, Petráš, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Stojanovic, Dejan, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Versace, Soraya, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, European Commission, Bavarian State Forests, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Research Institute (Hungary), Government of Poland, Slovenian Research Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], de-Dios-García, J. [0000-0003-3706-3390], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Hoehn, Maria [0000-0002-3630-5485], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopčič, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Ordóñez, Cristóbal [0000-0001-5354-3760], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Río, Miren del, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-García, J., Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lévesque, Mathieu, Lombardi, Fabio, Matović, Bratislav, Ordóñez, Cristóbal, Petráš, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Stojanovic, Dejan, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Versace, Soraya, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for

Published
2021

5. European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests

Author

Enno Uhl, Maria Hoehn, Javier de-Dios-García, Dejan Stojanović, Tzvetan Zlatanov, David I. Forrester, Jerzy Skrzyszewski, Aida Ibrahimspahić, S. Versace, Stanisław Drozdowski, Admir Avdagić, Andrzej Jaworski, Kamil Bielak, Maciej Pach, Miroslav Svoboda, Fabio Lombardi, Andrej Bončina, Matija Klopčič, Michal Bosela, Viktor Kurylyak, Michal Bellan, Roberto Tognetti, Torben Hilmers, Miren del Río, Hans Pretzsch, Thomas A. Nagel, Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado, Rudolf Petráš, Franz Binder, Cristóbal Ordóñez, Branko Stajić, Lucian Dinca, Francesco Giammarchi, Felipe Bravo, Mathieu Lévesque, Bratislav Matović, Laura Dobor, European Commission, Bavarian State Forests, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Research Institute (Hungary), Government of Poland, Slovenian Research Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Del Rio, Miren, Dobor, Laura, Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-García, Javier, Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Klopčič, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lévesque, Mathieu, Matović, Bratislav, Ordóñez, Cristóbal, Petráš, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Alvaro, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Miroslav Svoboda, Hans Pretzsch, Matija Klopcic, Bratislav Matovic, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Miren del Río, Mathieu Levesque, Lucian Dinca, Michal Bellan, Cristóbal Ordóñez, Dejan Stojanovic, Roberto Tognetti, Crisóobal Ordóñez, Álvaro Rubio Cuadrado, Maciej Pach, Michal Bosela, Torben Hilmers, David Ian Forrester, Admir Avdagic, Felipe Bravo, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], de-Dios-García, Javier [0000-0003-3706-3390], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Hoehn, Maria [0000-0002-3630-5485], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopčič, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Ordóñez, Cristóbal [0000-0001-5354-3760], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Rubio-Cuadrado, Alvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], and Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Plant Science, Growth trends, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, udc:630*18, pospeševanje rasti, Age-dependent tree growth, ddc:630, Silvicultura, Beech, Silviculture, rast dreves, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, podnebne spremembe, biology, fungi, Elevation, Intra-specific competition, Forestry, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, soodvisnost dreves, medsebojna olajšava, ddc, Plant ecology, Inter-specific facilitation, Geography, Medio Ambiente, Habitat, Growth acceleration, intra-specifc competition, inter-specifc facilitation, konkurenca, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far., Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.The authors would like to acknowledge networking support by the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action CLIMO (Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions—CA15226) financially supported by the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. This publication is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 778322. Thanks are also due to the European Union for funding the project ‘Mixed species forest management. Lowering risk, increasing resilience (REFORM)’ (# 2816ERA02S under the framework of Sumforest ERA-Net). Further, we would like to thank the Bayerische Staatsforsten (BaySF) for providing the observational plots and to the Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry for permanent support of the Project W 07 ‘Long-term experimental plots for forest growth and yield research’ (#7831-26625-2017). We also thank the Forest Research Institute, ERTI Sárvár, Hungary, for assistance and for providing observational plots. Furthermore, our work was partially supported by the SRDA via Project No. APVV-16-0325 and APVV-15-0265, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the Project “EVA4.0” No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 funded by OP RDE and the Project J4-1765 funded by the Slovenian Research Agency and also by the Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF) and the Project No. DCOST 01/3/19.10.2018., 19 Pág.

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