214 results on '"Giallo R"'
Search Results
2. Intrinsic motivation and academic performance in school-age children born extremely preterm: The contribution of working memory
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Pascoe, L., Spencer-Smith, M., Giallo, R., Seal, M.L., Georgiou-Karistianis, N., Nosarti, C., Josev, E.K., Roberts, G., Doyle, L.W., Thompson, D.K., and Anderson, P.J.
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- 2018
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3. Mental health trajectories of women experiencing differing patterns of intimate partner violence across the first 10 years of motherhood
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Fogarty, A, Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Mensah, F, FitzPatrick, KM, Giallo, R, Fogarty, A, Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Mensah, F, FitzPatrick, KM, and Giallo, R
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Intimate partner violence is commonly experienced by women and associated with poor mental health outcomes. Evidence regarding the patterns of IPV across time, and the associated long term course of depressive symptoms is lacking. The current study aimed to (a) identify patterns of physical and emotional IPV experienced by women over the 10 years since having their first child, and (b) identify trajectories depressive symptoms across the 10-year period for each pattern of IPV exposure. Data was drawn from the Mothers' and Young People's Study (MYPS), a longitudinal study of 1507 mothers and their first born child. Data was collected during pregnancy and at one, four, and ten years postpartum. Using Latent Class Analysis, four distinct classes of IPV were identified: (1) Minimal IPV, (2) Early IPV exposure, (3) Increasing IPV, and (4) Persistent IPV. Latent growth modelling revealed that all classes characterised by some IPV exposure experienced elevated trajectories of depressive symptoms in comparison to the minimal IPV class. Those experiencing increasing and persistent IPV experienced the most severe course of depressive symptoms.
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- 2023
4. Vulnerability to intimate partner violence and poor mental health in the first 4-year postpartum among mothers reporting childhood abuse: an Australian pregnancy cohort study
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Gartland, D., Woolhouse, H., Giallo, R., McDonald, E., Hegarty, K., Mensah, F., Herrman, H., and Brown, S. J.
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- 2016
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5. Does non-pharmacological therapy for antenatal depression reduce risks for the infant?
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Jarde, A, Morais, M, Kingston, D, Giallo, R, Giglia, L, MacQueen, G, Wang, Y, Beyene, J, and McDonald, S. D.
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- 2016
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6. Child, Parent and Family Factors as Predictors of Adjustment for Siblings of Children with a Disability
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Giallo, R. and Gavidia-Payne, S.
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Background: Siblings adjust to having a brother or sister with a disability in diverse ways. This study investigated a range of child, parent and family factors as predictors of sibling adjustment outcomes. Methods: Forty-nine siblings (aged 7-16 years) and parents provided information about (1) sibling daily hassles and uplifts; (2) sibling coping; (3) parent stress; (4) parenting; and (5) family resilience. Multiple regression techniques were used. Results: It was found that parent and family factors were stronger predictors of sibling adjustment difficulties than siblings' own experiences of stress and coping. Specifically, socio-economic status, past attendance at a sibling support group, parent stress, family time and routines, family problem-solving and communication, and family hardiness-predicted sibling adjustment difficulties. Finally, siblings' perceived intensity of daily uplifts significantly predicted sibling prosocial behaviour. Conclusions: The results revealed that the family level of risk and resilience factors were better predictors of sibling adjustment than siblings' own experiences of stress and coping resources, highlighting the importance of familial and parental contributions to the sibling adjustment process. The implications of these results for the design of interventions and supports for siblings are discussed.
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- 2006
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7. Inequalities in the distribution of COVID-19-related financial difficulties for Australian families with young children
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O'Connor, M, Greenwood, CJ, Letcher, P, Giallo, R, Priest, N, Goldfeld, S, Hope, S, Edwards, B, Olsson, CA, O'Connor, M, Greenwood, CJ, Letcher, P, Giallo, R, Priest, N, Goldfeld, S, Hope, S, Edwards, B, and Olsson, CA
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BACKGROUND: We examine (1) the frequency of financial difficulties in Australian families with young children (0-8 years) in the early and later phases of the pandemic; (2) the extent to which parents' pre-pandemic socio-economic disadvantage (SED) predicted financial difficulties; and (3) whether grandparent intergenerational SED further amplified this risk. METHOD: Data: Australian Temperament Project (ATP; established 1983, N = 2443) and ATP Generation 3 study (ATPG3; established 2012; N = 702), of which 74% (N = 553) completed a COVID-specific module in the early (May-September 2020) and/or later (October-December 2021) phases of the pandemic. OUTCOMES: Parent-reported loss of employment/reduced income, difficulty paying for essentials, and financial strain. EXPOSURES: Pre-pandemic parent and grandparent education and occupation. ANALYSIS: Logistic regressions, estimated via generalized estimating equations, were used to examine associations between the pre-pandemic SED of parents and grandparents and their interaction with financial difficulties, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: At both pandemic time points, a third of parents reported adverse financial impacts (early: 34%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30-38; later: 32%, 95% CI = 28-36). Each standard deviation increase in the parents' pre-pandemic SED was associated with a 36% increase in the odds of reporting multiple financial difficulties (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04-1.78). There was little evidence of an interaction between the SED of parents and grandparents. CONCLUSIONS: Financial impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic were common and, irrespective of grandparent SED, disproportionately borne by parents with higher pre-pandemic SED. Given the well-established relationship between disadvantage and child health and development, sustained and well-targeted government supports will be critical to minimizing adverse impacts in years to come.
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- 2022
8. Working out dads (WOD): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a group-based peer support intervention for men experiencing mental health difficulties in early fatherhood
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Giallo, R, Seymour, M, Fogarty, A, Hosking, C, Williams, LA, Cooklin, A, Grobler, A, Ride, J, Leach, L, Oldenburg, B, Wood, C, Borschmann, R, O'Brien, J, Evans, K, Treyvaud, K, Garfield, C, Brown, S, Nicholson, J, Giallo, R, Seymour, M, Fogarty, A, Hosking, C, Williams, LA, Cooklin, A, Grobler, A, Ride, J, Leach, L, Oldenburg, B, Wood, C, Borschmann, R, O'Brien, J, Evans, K, Treyvaud, K, Garfield, C, Brown, S, and Nicholson, J
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately one in ten men experience mental health difficulties during the early years of fatherhood, and these can have negative impacts on children and families. However, few evidence-based interventions targeting fathers' mental health are available. The aim of the trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Working Out Dads (WOD) - a facilitated peer support group intervention for fathers of young children, in reducing psychological distress and other mental health symptoms. METHODS: This trial will employ a parallel-arm randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of WOD peer support group intervention compared to usual care (a 30-min mental health and service focused phone consultation with a health professional). A total of 280 fathers of young children (aged 0-4 years) who are experiencing mental health difficulties and/or are at risk of poor mental health will be recruited. Randomisation and analyses will be at the level of the individual participant. The primary outcome is psychological distress symptoms, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) from baseline to 24 weeks post randomisation. A range of secondary outcomes will be assessed including suicidal ideation; mental health disorders, specific symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; social support, quality of life, health service use, and health care costs. Data will be collected at baseline, 10- and 24 weeks post-randomisation. DISCUSSION: This trial will examine the effectiveness of a novel group-based peer support intervention in reducing the psychological distress and other mental health symptoms of fathers compared to usual care. The economic and process evaluation will guide policy decision making along with informing the future implementation of WOD on a larger scale if effectiveness is demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The current trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration
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- 2022
9. Examining a rural Victorian community's knowledge and help seeking behaviour for family violence and the role of the local public health service
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Kelly, P, Field, M, Payne, R, Giallo, R, Kelly, P, Field, M, Payne, R, and Giallo, R
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OBJECTIVE: The rates of family violence within some rural communities are higher than that of metropolitan areas. The extent to which these rural communities know about and access family violence support services is not well understood. Local health services often play a role in providing information and support for community members at risk of, or experiencing family violence. For a rural community in Victoria, the study aimed to: (a) determine community members' knowledge of family violence services, (b) explore community members' help seeking behaviour for family violence, (c) identify perceived barriers and enabling factors to accessing family violence services and (d) explore community members' expectations of, and preferences for, family violence support provided by local health services. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, anonymous, mixed-methods online survey. SETTING: A rural community in Victoria's Western District, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-nine residents, over 18 years of age. RESULTS: The majority of respondents had been exposed to family violence. There were varying knowledge levels of family violence support services as well as a number of barriers identified that directly impacted community members seeking help. There were clear expectations about the role of the local health service in family violence identification and response. CONCLUSION: There are particular challenges for rural communities in providing support for family violence. Valuable insights can be gained from local communities about their knowledge of services and help seeking behaviours. Evidence generated by this study will inform future strategic planning for family violence services and the local health service.
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- 2022
10. Risk and Protective Factors Experienced by Fathers of Refugee Background during the Early Years of Parenting: A Qualitative Study
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Bulford, E, Fogarty, A, Giallo, R, Brown, S, Szwarc, J, Riggs, E, Bulford, E, Fogarty, A, Giallo, R, Brown, S, Szwarc, J, and Riggs, E
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Fathers of refugee background with young children can experience significant mental health difficulties, with the potential for intergenerational impacts. This study aimed to explore how fathers of refugee background experience risk and protective factors for their own health and wellbeing during the early years of parenting. Semi-structured interviews and one semi-structured focus group were conducted with fathers of refugee background, with young children (0-5 years), who had settled in Australia. Transcribed interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by the socioecological model of health. A total of 21 fathers participated in the study. Risk factors experienced included: prior experiences of trauma, reduced access to family support in Australia, adjustments in parenting roles, and the challenges of learning a new language and securing employment. Fathers drew on a number of sources of strength, including a sense of joy from fatherhood and support from partners, families, and communities. While most fathers regularly accompanied their partners and children to healthcare appointments, they were rarely asked by healthcare professionals about their own needs. Our findings support the idea that there is a need for greater assistance for fathers, particularly for navigating issues arising from the settlement process. Healthcare services working with families of refugee background must adopt a father-inclusive, trauma-informed approach that is responsive to fathers' needs.
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- 2022
11. Development, acceptability and construct validity of the Aboriginal Women's Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS): a co-designed, multiphase study nested within an Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander birth cohort
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Glover, K, Gartland, D, Leane, C, Nikolof, A, Weetra, D, Clark, Y, Giallo, R, Brown, SJ, Glover, K, Gartland, D, Leane, C, Nikolof, A, Weetra, D, Clark, Y, Giallo, R, and Brown, SJ
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OBJECTIVE: Few studies employ culturally safe approaches to understanding Indigenous women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was to develop a brief, culturally safe, self-report measure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women's experiences of different types of IPV. DESIGN: Multistage process to select, adapt and test a modified version of the Australian Composite Abuse Scale using community discussion groups and pretesting. Revised draft measure tested in Wave 2 follow-up of an existing cohort of Aboriginal families. Psychometric testing and revision included assessment of the factor structure, construct validity, scale reliability and acceptability to create the Aboriginal Women's Experiences of Partner Violence Scale (AEPVS). SETTING: South Australia, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 14 Aboriginal women participated in discussion groups, 58 women participated in pretesting of the draft version of the AEPVS and 216 women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study completed the revised draft version of the adapted measure. RESULTS: The initial version of the AEPVS based on item review and adaptation by the study's Aboriginal Advisory Group comprised 31 items measuring physical, emotional and financial IPV. After feedback from community discussion groups and two rounds of testing, the 18-item AEPVS consists of three subscales representing physical, emotional and financial IPV. All subscales had excellent construct validity and internal consistency. The AEPVS had high acceptability among Aboriginal women participating in the Aboriginal Families Study. CONCLUSIONS: The AEPVS is the first co-designed, multidimensional measure of Aboriginal women's experience of physical, emotional and financial IPV. The measure demonstrated cultural acceptability and construct validity within the setting of an Aboriginal-led, community-based research project. Validation in other settings (eg, primary care) and populations (eg, other Indigenous p
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- 2022
12. Evaluation of home-based Family Foundations targeting perinatal mental health and couple conflict in Australia
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Giallo, R, Seymour, M, Skinner, L, Fogarty, A, Field, K, Mead, J, Rimington, H, Galea, K, Talevski, T, Ruthven, C, Brown, S, Feinberg, M, Giallo, R, Seymour, M, Skinner, L, Fogarty, A, Field, K, Mead, J, Rimington, H, Galea, K, Talevski, T, Ruthven, C, Brown, S, and Feinberg, M
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Objectives A formative evaluation of a home‐based family intervention, Family Foundations (FF), targeting parent mental health and conflict in the perinatal period was conducted. The aims were to (a) assess parent satisfaction and recommendations for improvement, (b) identify perceived enablers and barriers to engagement, and (c) obtain preliminary outcome data related to parent mental health, conflict, and coparenting. Methods A mixed‐methods evaluation was conducted with 41 families at risk of or experiencing parental conflict. FF was delivered by two organizations in Australia. Qualitative interviews with parents and FF clinicians were conducted, and intervention outcomes were assessed using parent survey. Results Feasibility of reach and recruitment of the target population was demonstrated. Parents' indicated a high level of satisfaction with all aspects of FF and offered recommendations for improvements to resources and delivery. Service, program, clinician, and family characteristics as enablers and barriers to engagement in FF were identified. Both mothers and partners reported a decrease in their child's exposure to conflict. Mothers also reported a decrease in mental health symptoms and parenting hostility and an increase in positive coparenting behavior. Conclusion Feasibility and acceptability of home‐based FF in the perinatal period had been established, with preliminary evidence of positive outcomes for families. Implications The current findings generate evidence to inform further development of home‐based FF and wider implementation in health and social care services in Australia.
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- 2022
13. Intimate partner violence during infancy and cognitive outcomes in middle childhood: Results from an Australian community-based mother and child cohort study
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Savopoulos, P, Brown, S, Anderson, PJ, Gartland, D, Bryant, C, Giallo, R, Savopoulos, P, Brown, S, Anderson, PJ, Gartland, D, Bryant, C, and Giallo, R
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The cognitive functioning of children who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) has received less attention than their emotional-behavioral outcomes. Drawing upon data from 615 (48.4% female) 10-year-old Australian-born children and their mothers (9.6% of mothers born in non-English speaking countries) participating in a community-based longitudinal study between 2004 and 2016, this study examined the associations between IPV in infancy and cognition in middle childhood (at age 10). Results showed that IPV in the first 12 months of life was associated with lower general cognitive ability and poorer executive attention but not working memory skills. IPV in middle childhood (in the 10th year postpartum) was not associated with cognition. This study provides evidence for the long-term impact of early life exposure to IPV on children's cognition, and points to the importance of early intervention to optimize development.
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- 2022
14. All-of-family responses to children, mothers and fathers accessing services for domestic and family violence in Victoria, Australia: Policy and Practice Discussion Paper
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Kertesz, M, Humphreys, C, MacMillan, H, Brown, S, Giallo, R, Hooker, L, Alisic, E, Hegarty, K, Kertesz, M, Humphreys, C, MacMillan, H, Brown, S, Giallo, R, Hooker, L, Alisic, E, and Hegarty, K
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- 2022
15. The relationship between parental fatigue, parenting self-efficacy and behaviour: implications for supporting parents in the early parenting period
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Chau, V. and Giallo, R.
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- 2015
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16. Risk factors associated with the mental health of fathers of children with an intellectual disability in Australia
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Giallo, R., Seymour, M., Matthews, J., Gavidia-Payne, S., Hudson, A., and Cameron, C.
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- 2015
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17. Maternal anxiety, risk factors and parenting in the first post-natal year
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Seymour, M., Giallo, R., Cooklin, A., and Dunning, M.
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- 2015
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18. Mothersʼ work–family conflict and enrichment: associations with parenting quality and couple relationship
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Cooklin, A. R., Westrupp, E., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., and Nicholson, J. M.
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- 2015
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19. The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic for families of infants involved with Child Protection Services for maltreatment concerns
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Fogarty, A, Jones, A, Evans, K, O'Brien, J, Giallo, R, Fogarty, A, Jones, A, Evans, K, O'Brien, J, and Giallo, R
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The COVID-19 pandemic and associated physical distancing restrictions have exacerbated social, economic and health disadvantage within our communities. With increases in mental health difficulties and family violence already being seen, there is concern that the risk of child maltreatment risk may also be increased. The current study aimed to explore the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic for families identified to be at risk of child maltreatment in Victoria, Australia. Understanding the experiences of the pandemic for families already at risk is essential in identifying how to best support vulnerable parents and young children during this challenging time. Interviews were conducted with 11 parents currently involved with Child Protection Services, and nine clinicians working within a child and family health services, supporting clients with child protection involvement. Parents and clinicians described a range of pandemic related stressors including employment and financial stress, worry about infection and changes to service access. In addition, parents with children in out of home care discussed decreased access to their children resulting from physical distancing restrictions. Parents and clinicians perceived the pandemic to be having a negative impact on parent mental health, parenting stress and isolation. Although parents raised minimal concerns about the impact of the pandemic on child well-being, clinicians expressed concerns about the rise in risk factors for child maltreatment. Parents discussed a range of coping strategies which they perceived to be helpful during the pandemic, and clinicians and parents described the need for additional mental health support and support to access basic needs. The study highlights the importance of ensuring at risk families have access to parenting and mental health support throughout the pandemic and the importance of ensuring children within at-risk families are sighted and their safety assessed.
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- 2021
20. Infant Regulation: Associations with Child Language Development in a Longitudinal Cohort
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Cook, F, Conway, L, Omerovic, E, Cahir, P, Giallo, R, Hiscock, H, Mensah, F, Bretherton, L, Bavin, E, Eadie, P, Brown, S, Reilly, S, Cook, F, Conway, L, Omerovic, E, Cahir, P, Giallo, R, Hiscock, H, Mensah, F, Bretherton, L, Bavin, E, Eadie, P, Brown, S, and Reilly, S
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infants who have regulatory problems (eg, sleeping, crying, and feeding problems) at 1 year of age are at increased risk of experiencing language difficulties at ages 5 and 11 years, compared with settled infants. STUDY DESIGN: Parent survey and child assessment data (n = 1131) were drawn from a longitudinal community cohort study. Latent Class Analysis identified 5 profiles of infant regulation including those who were settled (37%), had tantrums (21%), had sleep problems (25%), were moderately unsettled (13%), and severely unsettled (3%) at 12 months of age. Adjusted regression analyses examined associations between infant regulatory profiles and language ability (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-fourth edition) at ages 5 and 11 years. RESULTS: Infants who were moderately unsettled had lower language scores at age 5 (adjusted mean difference, -3.89; 95% CI, -6.92 to -0.86) and were more likely to have language difficulties (aOR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.28-5.75), than infants who were settled. Infants who were severely unsettled at 12 months of age, had lower language scores at ages 5 (adjusted mean difference, -7.71; 95% CI, -13.07 to -2.36) and 11 (adjusted mean difference, -6.50; 95% CI, -11.60 to -1.39), than infants who were settled. Severely unsettled infants were 5 times more likely to have language difficulties at age 5 than their settled counterparts (aOR, 5.01; 95% CI, 1.72-14.63). CONCLUSIONS: Children at 1 year of age with multiple regulatory problems are at an increased risk for poorer language skills at ages 5 and 11 years.
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- 2021
21. Capturing the experiences of clinicians implementing a new brief intervention for parents and children who have experienced family violence in Australia
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Giallo, R, Fogarty, A, Savopoulos, P, Cox, A, Toone, E, Williams, K, Jones, A, Treyvaud, K, Giallo, R, Fogarty, A, Savopoulos, P, Cox, A, Toone, E, Williams, K, Jones, A, and Treyvaud, K
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Family violence (FV) affects one in four families. While the evidence regarding therapeutic interventions for children and families who experience FV is expanding, little research has been conducted about clinicians' experiences of implementation. The current study aimed to capture the voices of clinicians delivering a brief dyadic intervention for women and their children after FV exposure. The Brief Relational Intervention and Screening (BRISC) is an evidence-informed intervention designed by Berry Street (Australia) for mothers and children with recent experiences of FV. Consisting of four sessions, BRISC was implemented across one regional and one metropolitan site. Thirteen BRISC clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews individually or in a focus group. Thematic analysis of transcripts was conducted using NVivo. Clinicians considered key strengths of BRISC to be related to the intervention principles, including the hopeful and relationship-focused approach, the intervention implementation such as the timing, structure and flexibility, as well as the systems and processes in place, such as intake and triage, supervision structure and their team environment. Challenges described by clinicians included aspects of delivery such as limited referral options and safety concerns, the nature of the program including the mechanics of delivery and specific role challenges such as vicarious trauma. Clinicians also shared suggestions for improvements for delivery, supervision and training. This study emphasises the importance of clinician perspectives when identifying factors that can promote the successful implementation of innovative interventions in real-world community settings.
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- 2021
22. The maternal health study: Study design update for a prospective cohort of first-time mothers and their firstborn children from birth to age ten
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Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Woolhouse, H, Giallo, R, McDonald, E, Seymour, M, Conway, L, FitzPatrick, KM, Cook, F, Papadopoullos, S, MacArthur, C, Hegarty, K, Herrman, H, Nicholson, JM, Hiscock, H, Mensah, F, Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Woolhouse, H, Giallo, R, McDonald, E, Seymour, M, Conway, L, FitzPatrick, KM, Cook, F, Papadopoullos, S, MacArthur, C, Hegarty, K, Herrman, H, Nicholson, JM, Hiscock, H, and Mensah, F
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BACKGROUND: Maternal health is critical to the health and well-being of children and families, but is rarely the primary focus of pregnancy and birth cohort studies. Globally, poor maternal health and the exposure of women and children to family violence contribute to the perpetuation and persistence of intergenerational health inequalities. OBJECTIVES: The Maternal Health Study was designed to investigate the contribution of social and obstetric risk factors to common maternal physical and psychological morbidities. Over time, our focus has expanded to include mother-child pairs and investigation of intergenerational trauma and family violence. POPULATION: A total of 1507 first-time mothers were recruited in early pregnancy from six public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003-2005. METHODS: Women completed questionnaires or telephone interviews in early pregnancy (≤24 weeks); at 32 weeks' gestation; at three, six, nine, 12 and 18 months postpartum; and at four and ten years. At ten years, women and children were invited to participate in face-to-face interviews, which included direct assessment of children's cognitive and language development. A wide range of obstetric, social and contextual factors have been measured, including exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) (1-year, 4-year and 10-year follow-up). RESULTS: 1507 eligible women were recruited at a mean gestation of 15 weeks. At one year, four years and ten years postpartum, 90.0%, 73.1% and 63.2% of the original cohort took part in follow-up. One in three women in the study (34.5%) reported exposure to IPV in the first ten years of motherhood: 19% in the first 12 months postpartum, 20% in the year prior to four-year follow-up and 18.3% in the year prior to ten-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The study affords a unique opportunity to examine patterns of maternal and child health and health service use associated with exposure to IPV.
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- 2021
23. Maternal postnatal mental health and later emotional–behavioural development of children: the mediating role of parenting behaviour
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Giallo, R., Cooklin, A., Wade, C., DʼEsposito, F., and Nicholson, J. M.
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- 2014
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24. Predictors of child resilience in a community-based cohort facing flood as natural disaster
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Arshad, M, Mughal, MK, Giallo, R, Kingston, D, Arshad, M, Mughal, MK, Giallo, R, and Kingston, D
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BACKGROUND: Natural disasters are unpredictable and uncontrollable events that usually induce significant level of stress and social disruption in afflicted individuals. The consequences are formidable, affecting lifetime health and economic prosperity. Among natural disasters, floods are the most common causes and tend to have the highest economic burden. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with child resilience in the face of the natural disaster experienced by the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada during its unprecedented flood of 2013. METHODS: The current study was conducted in a community-based cohort situated in the city of Calgary. The participants were recruited out of the All Our Families longitudinal cohort within the Cummings School of Medicine at the University of Calgary. Of the total 1711 people contacted, 469 people consented and completed questionnaire. Of those 469 who consented to be part of the study, 467 were eligible to be included for analysis. A flood impact questionnaire was delivered 6 months after the 2013 flood in families whose children were an average of 3 years old. Mother reported questionnaires were used to assess child resilience. The study included maternal data on a range of factors including socio-demographic, history of mental health, relationship with the partner and social support. Child related data were also incorporated into the study, and variables included delivery mode, child sex, and child age at the time of disaster. RESULTS: Child resilience was best predicted by mother's age and social support, and by child gender, the child's externalizing and internalizing behaviors and the Rothbart temperament scale: effortful control. Furthermore, this study revealed that children who were more exposed to the flood events, showed higher resilience compared to the children who were less or not exposed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the risk and protective factors that predict child resilience and suggest
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- 2020
25. 'We're in the background': Facilitators and barriers to fathers' engagement and participation in a health intervention during the early parenting period
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Smith, J, Seymour, M, Peace, R, Wood, CE, Jillard, C, Evans, K, O'Brien, J, Williams, LA, Brown, S, Giallo, R, Smith, J, Seymour, M, Peace, R, Wood, CE, Jillard, C, Evans, K, O'Brien, J, Williams, LA, Brown, S, and Giallo, R
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ISSUES ADDRESSED: Little is known about the barriers and facilitators associated with engaging fathers in interventions targeting their physical and mental health. The current research therefore aimed to explore fathers' perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement and participation in a health intervention delivered during the early parenting period. METHODS: Eleven fathers of young children (0-4 years) were interviewed about their perceptions and experiences of facilitators and barriers to engaging and participating in an intervention (Working Out Dads) to target their mental and physical health. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Fathers identified a number of program-related and father-related facilitators and barriers which impacted their engagement and participation. Program-related facilitators included: accessibility of the program; father advocacy of the program; group fitness/exercise component; and having a father-specific program. Facilitating factors related to fathers included: making social connections; learning how to be a better dad/partner; and partner support and encouragement to attend. Program-related barriers included: travel; lack of awareness; and gender roles. While father-related barriers included: being time poor; sacrifices to family; and apprehension. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings identified many areas that facilitate, encourage and motivate men to participate in interventions which support their mental and physical health during the early parenting period. RELEVANCE: Generating evidence on barriers and facilitators to health interventions is important to improving the current intervention along with informing the development of engaging and targeted health interventions for fathers in early parenthood.
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- 2020
26. Physical and mental health of women exposed to intimate partner violence in the 10 years after having their first child: an Australian prospective cohort study of first-time mothers
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Brown, SJ, Conway, LJ, FitzPatrick, KM, Hegarty, K, Mensah, FK, Papadopoullos, S, Woolhouse, H, Giallo, R, Gartland, D, Brown, SJ, Conway, LJ, FitzPatrick, KM, Hegarty, K, Mensah, FK, Papadopoullos, S, Woolhouse, H, Giallo, R, and Gartland, D
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate mental and physical health of mothers exposed to recent and early postpartum intimate partner violence (IPV) in the 10 years after having their first child. DESIGN: Prospective pregnancy cohort study. SETTING: Women were recruited at six metropolitan public maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia and followed up at 1, 4 and 10 years post partum. STUDY MEASURES: Exposure to physical and/or emotional IPV was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale at 1, 4 and 10 years. At 10-year follow-up, mothers reported on physical and mental health, and functional health status. PARTICIPANTS: 1507 first-time mothers enrolled at mean of 15 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: One in three women experienced IPV during the 10 years after having their first child. Women experiencing recent IPV (19.1%) reported worse physical and mental health than women not reporting IPV. Compared with women not reporting IPV, women experiencing recent IPV had higher odds of poor functional health status (Adj OR=4.5, 95% CI 3.2 to 6.3), back pain (Adj OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.9), incontinence (Adj OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6), depressive symptoms (Adj OR=4.9, 95% CI 3.2 to 7.5), anxiety (Adj OR=5.1, 95% CI 3.0 to 8.6) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Adj OR=7.2, 95% CI 4.6 to 11.1) at 10 years. Women with past IPV at 1 and/or 4 years (15.7% of the cohort) also had higher odds of physical and mental health problems. There was evidence of a gradient in health outcomes by recency of exposure to IPV. CONCLUSIONS: Both recent and past exposure to IPV are associated with poor maternal physical and mental health 10 years after a first birth. Health services and advocacy organisations providing support to women need to be aware of the consistent relationship between IPV and a range of physical and mental health conditions, which may persist even after IPV appears to have ceased.
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- 2020
27. Parental fatigue and parenting practices during early childhood: an Australian community survey
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Cooklin, A. R., Giallo, R., and Rose, N.
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- 2012
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28. Perceptions of social support: comparisons between fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder and fathers of children without developmental disabilities
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Seymour, M., primary, Giallo, R., additional, and Wood, C. E., additional
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- 2019
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29. Child, parent and family factors as predictors of adjustment for siblings of children with a disability
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Giallo, R. and Gavidia-Payne, S.
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- 2006
30. ADHD and emotional engagement with school in the primary years: Investigating the role of student-teacher relationships
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Rushton, S, Giallo, R, Efron, D, Rushton, S, Giallo, R, and Efron, D
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BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is consistently associated with poor school-level outcomes. Although school engagement is recognized as a protective factor associated with increased academic achievement, school retention/completion, and student well-being in the general population, little research has focused on school engagement in children with ADHD. AIMS: To explore a model of the relationships between ADHD symptoms at age 7, student-teacher closeness and conflict at age 10, and emotional engagement with school at age 10 and 12. SAMPLE: Participants were 498 grade one children (mean age = 7.3), recruited from 43 socio-economically diverse government primary schools in Melbourne. Follow-up occurred at 36 months (mean age = 10.5) and 54 months (mean age = 12.0). METHODS: Data were drawn from a controlled community-based longitudinal study examining the long-term effects of ADHD on children's behaviour, learning, and day-to-day living. Data were collected via direct assessment and child, parent, and teacher surveys. RESULTS: Path analysis revealed a significant, negative relationship between ADHD symptoms and emotional engagement with school, which was partially mediated by student-teacher conflict. This remained significant after controlling for differences in ADHD status (ADHD, high-risk, or control group), ADHD medication use, and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the negative impact of ADHD symptoms on children's emotional engagement with school. Given the role of student-teacher conflict in mediating this relationship, interventions aiming to reduce conflict in the student-teacher relationship may promote school engagement for students with ADHD, with potential to improve longer-term outcomes.
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- 2019
31. Intergenerational Impacts of Family Violence - Mothers and Children in a Large Prospective Pregnancy Cohort Study
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Gartland, D, Giallo, R, Woolhouse, H, Mensah, F, Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Giallo, R, Woolhouse, H, Mensah, F, and Brown, SJ
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BACKGROUND: Violence and other adversities commonly co-occur, yet are usually investigated individually. The primary objectives of this paper are to investigate: (i) the relationship between maternal exposure to violence (including childhood abuse and intimate partner violence) and postpartum mental and physical health; and (ii) the extent to which exposure to violence and poor maternal mental and physical health are associated with children's emotional-behavioral difficulties. METHODS: Prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 1507) followed up to 4 year postpartum. Validated measures used: Composite Abuse Scale; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, SF-36, Child Maltreatment History Self Report; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between maternal childhood abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV), maternal health and child emotional and behavioral difficulties at age 4. OUTCOMES: Two out of five women (41%) reported abuse in childhood, and almost one in three (29%) reported IPV during the first four years of motherhood. Women reporting both physical and sexual childhood abuse had markedly raised odds of IPV and poor physical and mental health at all time points (pregnancy, first year postpartum and four year postpartum). For the index child, violence exposures (maternal childhood abuse or IPV) and poor maternal physical or mental health were associated with higher odds of emotional/behavioral difficulties at age four. In multivariable models (adjusted for child gender and maternal age), cumulative exposures (multiple violence exposures or poor maternal mental or physical health at multiple time points) each independently added to increased odds of emotional-behavioral difficulties. Children of mothers who reported a history of childhood abuse but were not exposed to IPV had odds of difficulties similar to children of mothers not reporting any violence exposure, suggesting resilient outcomes where violence exper
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- 2019
32. What factors are associated with resilient outcomes in children exposed to social adversity? A systematic review
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Gartland, D, Riggs, E, Muyeen, S, Giallo, R, Afifi, TO, MacMillan, H, Herrman, H, Bulford, E, Brown, SJ, Gartland, D, Riggs, E, Muyeen, S, Giallo, R, Afifi, TO, MacMillan, H, Herrman, H, Bulford, E, and Brown, SJ
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Children exposed to social adversity-hardship as a result of social circumstances such as poverty or intergenerational trauma-are at increased risk of poor outcomes across the life course. Understanding what promotes resilient outcomes is essential for the development of evidence informed intervention strategies. We conducted a systematic review to identify how child resilience is measured and what factors are associated with resilient outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic search conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychInfo from January 2004 to October 2018 using the keywords 'resilien* and child* in the title or abstract. Eligible studies: (1) described children aged 5-12 years; (2) identified exposure to social adversity; (3) identified resilience; and (4) investigated factors associated with resilience. OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) approaches to identifying resilience and (2) factors associated with resilient outcomes. RESULTS: From 1979 studies retrieved, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were moderate to high quality, with low cultural competency. Social adversity exposures included poverty, parent loss, maltreatment and war. Only two studies used a measure of child resilience; neither was psychometrically validated. Remaining studies classified children as resilient if they showed positive outcomes (eg, mental health or academic achievement) despite adversity. A range of child, family, school and community factors were associated with resilient outcomes, with individual factors most commonly investigated. The best available evidence was for cognitive skills, emotion regulation, relationships with caregivers and academic engagement. CONCLUSIONS: While there is huge variation in the type and severity of adversity that children experience, there is some evidence that specific individual, relational and school factors are associated with resilient outcomes across a range of contexts. Such factors provide an important starting point for effective public
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- 2019
33. Recruiting fathers for parenting research using online advertising campaigns: Evidence from an Australian study
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Leach, LS, Bennetts, SK, Giallo, R, Cooklin, AR, Leach, LS, Bennetts, SK, Giallo, R, and Cooklin, AR
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BACKGROUND: Fathers are underrepresented in parenting and child health research. Given there is a strong link between fathers' parenting behaviour and children's well-being, there is a need to find ways to engage fathers more consistently. The current short report provides information and learnings about recruiting fathers online using social media. Results are drawn from an Australian study that aimed to recruit roughly equal numbers of mothers and fathers to participate in a survey about employment, parenting, and health, using online advertising. METHODS: First, a series of five Facebook advertising campaigns were run, aimed at "parents" generally (i.e., gender-neutral). A lack of recruited fathers prompted a second series of six Facebook campaigns aimed solely at fathers. All campaigns targeted employed adult parents of children (≤18 years) in Australia using Facebook's "Adverts Manager." RESULTS: The 11 campaigns recruited a total of 1,468 fathers. The vast majority of these fathers were recruited using the advertisements specifically aimed at fathers (n = 1,441). Gender-neutral campaigns inviting and selecting "parents" to participate in the study overwhelmingly yielded samples of mothers. Similarly, advertisements inviting both "mums and dads" resulted in very low recruitment of fathers. CONCLUSIONS: The extremely low numbers of fathers recruited using the gender-neutral "parent-focused" campaigns was unexpected. Potential reasons for this include low engagement with gender-neutral parenting terms, and/or that mothers were disproportionally exposed to the Facebook advertisements. These learnings suggest that father-focused recruitment is required to target and engage fathers in parenting research and services.
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- 2019
34. Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence
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Spry, E, Giallo, R, Moreno-Betancur, M, Macdonald, Jacqueline, Becker, D, Borschmann, R, Brown, S, Patton, G, Olsson, Craig, Spry, E, Giallo, R, Moreno-Betancur, M, Macdonald, Jacqueline, Becker, D, Borschmann, R, Brown, S, Patton, G, and Olsson, Craig
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- 2018
35. Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 12 months postpartum and child externalizing and internalizing behavior at three years
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Hashimoto, K, Kingston, D, Kehler, H, Austin, M-P, Mughal, MK, Wajid, A, Vermeyden, L, Benzies, K, Brown, S, Stuart, S, Giallo, R, Hashimoto, K, Kingston, D, Kehler, H, Austin, M-P, Mughal, MK, Wajid, A, Vermeyden, L, Benzies, K, Brown, S, Stuart, S, and Giallo, R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most evidence of the association between maternal depression and children's development is limited by being cross-sectional. To date, few studies have modelled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy through the early postpartum years and examined their association with social emotional and behavior functioning in preschool children. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify distinct groups of women defined by their trajectories of depressive symptoms across four time points from mid-pregnancy to one year postpartum; and 2) examine the associations between these trajectories and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. METHODS: We analyzed data from the All Our Families (AOF) study, a large, population based pregnancy cohort of mother-child dyads in Alberta, Canada. The AOF study is an ongoing pregnancy cohort study designed to investigate relationships between the prenatal and early life period and outcomes for children and mothers. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Children's behavioral functioning at age 3 was assessed using the Behavior Scales developed for the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Longitudinal latent class analysis was conducted to identify trajectories of women's depressive symptoms across four time points from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and children's behavior, while adjusting for other significant maternal, child and psychosocial factors. RESULTS: 1983 participants met eligibility criteria. We identified four distinct trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: low level (64.7%); early postpartum (10.9%); subclinical (18.8%); and persistent high (5.6%). In multivariable models, the proportion of children with elevated behavior symptoms was highest for children whose mothers had persistent
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- 2018
36. Predictors of learning outcomes for children with and without chronic illness: An Australian longitudinal study
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Barnett, T, Giallo, R, Kelaher, M, Goldfeld, S, Quach, J, Barnett, T, Giallo, R, Kelaher, M, Goldfeld, S, and Quach, J
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BACKGROUND: Chronically ill children are at increased risk of poor learning outcomes. Knowledge of the predictors of learning outcomes for this group of people is important to inform the development of education supports that stand the best chance of being effective. This study explored the child, family, and school risk and protective factors during the child's transition to elementary school (aged 6-7 years) that were associated with learning outcomes when children were aged 10-11 years for both children with and without a chronic illness. METHODS: Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used. Predictor variables were entered into separate multivariate regression models for children with and without a chronic illness. RESULTS: The strongest predictors of learning outcomes were the child's approach to learning, a consistent parenting style, and family socioeconomic position and were common for both children with and without a chronic illness but strongest for children with a chronic illness. CONCLUSION: A child's approach to learning and a consistent parenting style during the period of the child's transition to elementary school are important and potentially modifiable factors that are predictive of academic performance in later childhood. These factors are particularly relevant for children with a chronic illness, their parents/caregivers, teachers both hospital and school based, and pediatricians and can be used to inform interventions.
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- 2018
37. Perceptions of social support: comparisons between fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder and fathers of children without developmental disabilities.
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Seymour, M., Giallo, R., and Wood, C. E.
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AUTISM , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *PSYCHOLOGY of fathers , *MOTHERS , *SOCIAL support , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Background: Research highlights the need for ongoing social support of mothers of children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite recognised differences between mothers and fathers, little is known about the particular social support needs of fathers of children with ASD. Broadly, this study aimed to explore the support needs of fathers of children with ASD compared with fathers of children without a disability (W/OD) and the relation between social support, psychological distress and sociodemographic factors. Method: Drawing from a large, nationally representative community sample of children, 159 fathers of children with ASD were identified, where 6578 fathers of children W/OD were used as a comparison sample. Results: Over 70% of fathers of children with ASD reported that support was inaccessible and were significantly more likely to report so compared with fathers of children W/OD. Emotional/informational social support was the strongest social support domain associated with fathers' experiences of psychological distress. Conclusions: This study provided important insight into the social support needs of fathers of children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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38. Pregnant women's views on the feasibility and acceptability of web-based mental health e-screening versus paper-based screening: A randomized controlled trial
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Kingston, D, Austin, MP, Van Zanten, SV, Harvalik, P, Giallo, R, McDonald, SD, MacQueen, G, Vermeyden, L, Lasiuk, G, Sword, W, Biringer, A, Kingston, D, Austin, MP, Van Zanten, SV, Harvalik, P, Giallo, R, McDonald, SD, MacQueen, G, Vermeyden, L, Lasiuk, G, Sword, W, and Biringer, A
- Abstract
Background: Major international guidelines recommend mental health screening during the perinatal period. However, substantial barriers to screening have been reported by pregnant and postpartum women and perinatal care providers. E-screening offers benefits that may address implementation challenges. Objective: The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Web-based mental health e-screening compared with paper-based screening among pregnant women. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with women's preferences for e-screening and disclosure of mental health concerns. Methods: Pregnant women recruited from community and hospital-based antenatal clinics and hospital-based prenatal classes were computer-randomized to a fully automated Web-based e-screening intervention group or a paper-based control group. Women were eligible if they spoke or read English, were willing to be randomized to e-screening, and were willing to participate in a follow-up diagnostic interview. The intervention group completed the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on a tablet computer, while controls completed them on paper. All women completed self-report baseline questions and were telephoned 1 week after randomization by a blinded research assistant for a MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Renker and Tonkin's tool of feasibility and acceptability of computerized screening was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of e-screening compared with paper-based screening. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. To identify factors associated with preference for e-screening and disclosure, variables associated with each outcome at P<.20 were simultaneously entered into final multivariable models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs. Results: Of the 675 eligible women approached, 636 agreed to participate (participation rate 94.2%)
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- 2017
39. The physical and mental health problems of refugee and migrant fathers: findings from an Australian population-based study of children and their families
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Giallo, R, Riggs, E, Lynch, C, Vanpraag, D, Yelland, J, Szwarc, J, Duell-Piening, P, Tyrell, L, Casey, S, Brown, SJ, Giallo, R, Riggs, E, Lynch, C, Vanpraag, D, Yelland, J, Szwarc, J, Duell-Piening, P, Tyrell, L, Casey, S, and Brown, SJ
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report on the physical and mental health of migrant and refugee fathers participating in a population-based study of Australian children and their families. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data drawn from a population-based longitudinal study when children were aged 4-5 years. SETTING: Population-based study of Australian children and their families. PARTICIPANTS: 8137 fathers participated in the study when their children were aged 4-5 years. There were 131 (1.6%) fathers of likely refugee background, 872 (10.7%) fathers who migrated from English-speaking countries, 1005 (12.4%) fathers who migrated from non-English-speaking countries and 6129 (75.3%) Australian-born fathers. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Fathers' psychological distress was assessed using the self-report Kessler-6. Information pertaining to physical health conditions, global or overall health, alcohol and tobacco use, and body mass index status was obtained. RESULTS: Compared with Australian-born fathers, fathers of likely refugee background (adjusted OR(aOR) 3.17, 95% CI 2.13 to 4.74) and fathers from non-English-speaking countries (aOR 1.79, 95%CI 1.51 to 2.13) had higher odds of psychological distress. Refugee fathers were more likely to report fair to poor overall health (aOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.60) and being underweight (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.57 to 7.74) compared with Australian-born fathers. Refugee fathers and those from non-English-speaking countries were less likely to report light (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.43, and aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.37, respectively) and moderate to harmful alcohol use (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.17, and aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.19, respectively) than Australian-born fathers. Finally, fathers from non-English-speaking and English-speaking countries were less likely to be overweight (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.75, and aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.03, respectively) and obese (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.58, and aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.
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- 2017
40. Depression and anger in fathers of unsettled infants: A community cohort study
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Cook, F, Giallo, R, Petrovic, Z, Coe, A, Seymour, M, Cann, W, Hiscock, H, Cook, F, Giallo, R, Petrovic, Z, Coe, A, Seymour, M, Cann, W, and Hiscock, H
- Abstract
AIM: To examine the relationship between unsettled infant behaviour and fathers' depressive symptoms, cognitions surrounding infant sleep (anger, doubt), and personal sleep, in a community cohort. METHODS: Data were collected from 102 fathers of healthy infants at 4 weeks, 4 months and 6 months of age. Measures included father report of infant sleep and crying problems, depressive symptoms, cognitions about infant sleep and own sleep quality and quantity. Data were analysed using adjusted regression models. RESULTS: Sleep problems at 4 months of age were associated with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 2.64 (1.27-4.00)), doubt (adjusted mean difference 1.82 (0.40-3.25)), anger (adjusted mean difference 1.86 (0.51-3.20)), poor personal sleep quantity (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.51) and quality (adjusted OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.08-0.51); and at 6 months of age, with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 2.56 (1.28-3.84)), anger (adjusted mean difference 1.63 (0.40-2.87)), poor personal sleep quantity (adjusted OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.05-0.38) and quality (adjusted OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.72). Infant cry problems at 4 months were associated with increased anger (adjusted mean difference 1.98 (0.60-3.36)) and doubt (adjusted mean difference 1.55 (0.05-3.05)); and at 6 months, with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 3.04 (1.59-4.69)), anger (adjusted mean difference 2.73 (1.29-4.17)) and less personal sleep (adjusted OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.07-0.71). CONCLUSION: Fathers of unsettled infants reported greater anger towards their infant and increased depressive symptoms by 4 months infant age, with these symptoms persisting 2 months later. Evidence-based interventions are needed for these fathers.
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- 2017
41. Longitudinal trajectories of mental health in Australian children aged 4-5 to 14-15 years
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Syed, EU, Christensen, D, Fahey, MT, Giallo, R, Hancock, KJ, Syed, EU, Christensen, D, Fahey, MT, Giallo, R, and Hancock, KJ
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Mental health can affect young people's sense of wellbeing and life satisfaction, their ability to participate in employment and education, and their onward opportunities in life. This paper offers a rare opportunity to longitudinally examine mental health in a population-representative study of children aged 4-5 years to 14-15 years. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), this study examined maternally-reported child mental health over a 10 year period, in order to understand their initial mental health status early in life and its change over time, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Longitudinal models were fitted from ages 4-5 to 14-15 years. Results showed that child sex, maternal mental health, socio-economic status (family income, maternal education, neighbourhood disadvantage), maternal hostility, and child temperament (persistence, sociability, reactivity) are all independent contributors to child mental health at age 4. These effects largely persist over time, with the effects of maternal mental health increasing slightly over time. Persistence of these effects suggests the need for early intervention and supports. The independent contribution of these factors to child mental health suggests that multi-faceted approaches to child and maternal mental health are needed.
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- 2017
42. 'I didn't know it was possible to feel that tired': exploring the complex bidirectional associations between maternal depressive symptoms and fatigue in a prospective pregnancy cohort study
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Giallo, R, Gartland, D, Woolhouse, H, Brown, S, Giallo, R, Gartland, D, Woolhouse, H, and Brown, S
- Abstract
Depressive and fatigue symptoms are common health concerns for women in the postnatal period. Few studies have sought to investigate the role of fatigue in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and fatigue over the course of the first 4 years postpartum, in particular focusing on the extent to which fatigue at earlier time points predicted later depressive symptoms and vice versa. Data from over 1000 women participating in a longitudinal study of Australian women's physical and psychological health and recovery after childbirth were used. An autoregressive cross-lagged panel model was tested to assess the mutual influences of fatigue and depressive symptoms across five time points at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months postpartum, and at 4 years postpartum. A complex bidirectional relationship between fatigue and depressive symptoms from 3 months to 4 years postpartum was observed, where fatigue at earlier time points predicted depressive symptoms at later time points, and vice versa. The findings of this study suggest interventions targeting the prevention and management of fatigue may also confer some benefit in improving or preventing the development of depression symptoms in the early parenting period.
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- 2016
43. Comparing the feasibility, acceptability, clinical-, and cost-effectiveness of mental health e-screening to paper-based screening on the detection of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial risk in pregnant women: A study protocol of a randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial
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Sword, W., Ohinmaa, A., Lasiuk, G., Giallo, R., Kingston, D., Van Zanten, S., Biringer, A., Austin, M., Hegadoren, K., Lane-Smith, M., McDonald, S., and MacQueen, G.
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- 2014
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44. Mothers' work-family conflict and enrichment: associations with parenting quality and couple relationship
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Cooklin, AR, Westrupp, Elizabeth, Strazdins, L, Giallo, R, Martin, A, Nicholson, JM, Cooklin, AR, Westrupp, Elizabeth, Strazdins, L, Giallo, R, Martin, A, and Nicholson, JM
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- 2015
45. Maternal Depressive Symptoms across Early Childhood and Asthma in School Children: Findings from a Longitudinal Australian Population Based Study
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Stewart, R, Giallo, R, Bahreinian, S, Brown, S, Cooklin, A, Kingston, D, Kozyrskyj, A, Stewart, R, Giallo, R, Bahreinian, S, Brown, S, Cooklin, A, Kingston, D, and Kozyrskyj, A
- Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence attesting to links between early life exposure to stress and childhood asthma. However, available evidence is largely based on small, genetically high risk samples. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the course of maternal depressive symptoms across early childhood and childhood asthma in a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of Australian children. Participants were 4164 children and their biological mothers from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Latent class analysis identified three trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms across four biennial waves from the first postnatal year to when children were 6-7 years: minimal symptoms (74.6%), sub-clinical symptoms (20.8%), and persistent and increasing high symptoms (4.6%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that childhood asthma at age 6-7 years was associated with persistent and increasing high depressive symptoms after accounting for known risk factors including smoking during pregnancy and maternal history of asthma (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.61-3.45), p.001). Our findings from a nationally representative sample of Australian children provide empirical support for a relationship between maternal depressive symptoms across the early childhood period and childhood asthma. The burden of disease from childhood asthma may be reduced by strengthening efforts to promote maternal mental health in the early years of parenting.
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- 2015
46. Comparison of methods for recruiting and engaging parents in online interventions: study protocol for the Cry Baby infant sleep and settling program
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Cook, F, Seymour, M, Giallo, R, Cann, W, Nicholson, JM, Green, J, Hiscock, H, Cook, F, Seymour, M, Giallo, R, Cann, W, Nicholson, JM, Green, J, and Hiscock, H
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anticipatory guidance around the management of sleep and crying problems in early infancy has been shown to improve both infant behaviour and parent symptoms of postnatal depression. Digital technology offers platforms for making such programs widely available in a cost-efficient manner. However, it remains unclear who accesses online parenting advice and in particular, whether the parents who would most benefit are represented amongst users. It is also unknown whether the uptake of online programs can be improved by health professional recommendations, or whether parents require additional prompts and reminders to use the program. In this study we aim to: (1) determine whether weekly email prompts increase engagement with and use of a brief online program about infant sleeping and crying, (2) determine whether encouragement from a maternal and child health nurse promotes greater engagement with and use of the program, (3) examine who uses a brief online program about infant sleeping and crying; and, (4) examine the psychosocial characteristics of participants. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a randomised, parallel group, superiority trial, with all participating primary carers of infants aged 2 to 12 weeks, receiving access to the online program. Two modes of recruitment will be compared: recruitment via an online notice published on a non-commercial, highly credible and evidence-based website for parents and carers and via the parent's Maternal and Child Health nurse. After baseline assessment, parents will be randomised to one of two support conditions: online program alone or online program plus weekly email prompts. Follow up data will be collected at 4 months of infant age. DISCUSSION: Results from this trial will indicate whether involvement from a health professional, and/or ongoing email contact is necessary to engage parents in a brief online intervention, and promote parental use of strategies suggested within the program. Results of this trial
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- 2015
47. Does non-pharmacological therapy for antenatal depression reduce risks for the infant?
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Jarde, A, primary, Morais, M, additional, Kingston, D, additional, Giallo, R, additional, Giglia, L, additional, MacQueen, G, additional, Wang, Y, additional, Beyene, J, additional, and McDonald, S. D., additional
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- 2015
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48. Comparing the Acceptability, Clinical-, and Cost-effectiveness of Mental Health E-screening to Paper-based Screening in Pregnant Women: a Randomized, Parallel-group, Superiority Trial
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Kingston, D., primary, Kingston, D., additional, McDonald, S., additional, Biringer, A., additional, Austin, M.P., additional, McDonald, S.D., additional, Giallo, R., additional, Ohinmaa, A., additional, Lasiuk, G., additional, MacQueen, G., additional, and Van Zanten, S., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
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49. Study protocol for a randomized, controlled, superiority trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of integrated online mental health assessment-referral-care in pregnancy to usual prenatal care on prenatal and postnatal mental health and infant health and development: the Integrated Maternal Psychosocial Assessment to Care Trial (IMPACT)
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Kingston, D, Austin, M-P, Hegadoren, K, McDonald, S, Lasiuk, G, Heaman, M, Biringer, A, Sword, W, Giallo, R, Patel, T, Lane-Smith, M, van Zanten, SV, Kingston, D, Austin, M-P, Hegadoren, K, McDonald, S, Lasiuk, G, Heaman, M, Biringer, A, Sword, W, Giallo, R, Patel, T, Lane-Smith, M, and van Zanten, SV
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stress, depression, and anxiety affect 15 to 25% of pregnant women. However, fewer than 20% of prenatal care providers assess and treat mental health problems and fewer than 20% of pregnant women seek mental healthcare. For those who seek treatment, the lack of health system integration and existing barriers frequently prevent treatment access. Without treatment, poor prenatal mental health can persist for years and impact future maternal, child, and family well-being. METHODS/DESIGN: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated process of online psychosocial assessment, referral, and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for pregnant women compared to usual prenatal care (no formal screening or specialized care). The primary outcome is self-reported prenatal depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms at 6 to 8 weeks postrandomization. Secondary outcomes are postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms; self-efficacy; mastery; self-esteem; sleep; relationship quality; coping; resilience; Apgar score; gestational age; birth weight; maternal-infant attachment; infant behavior and development; parenting stress/competence; and intervention cost-effectiveness, efficiency, feasibility, and acceptability. Pregnant women are eligible if they: 1) are <28 weeks gestation; 2) speak/read English; 3) are willing to complete email questionnaires; 4) have no, low, or moderate psychosocial risk on screening at recruitment; and 5) are eligible for CBT. A sample of 816 women will be recruited from large, urban primary care clinics and allocation is by computer-generated randomization. Women in the intervention group will complete an online psychosocial assessment, and those with mild or moderate depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms then complete six interactive cognitive behavior therapy modules. All women will complete email questionnaires at 6 to 8 weeks postrandomization and at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Clin
- Published
- 2014
50. Comparing the feasibility, acceptability, clinical-, and cost-effectiveness of mental health e-screening to paper-based screening on the detection of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial risk in pregnant women: a study protocol of a randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial
- Author
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Kingston, D, McDonald, S, Biringer, A, Austin, M-P, Hegadoren, K, Giallo, R, Ohinmaa, A, Lasiuk, G, MacQueen, G, Sword, W, Lane-Smith, M, van Zanten, SV, Kingston, D, McDonald, S, Biringer, A, Austin, M-P, Hegadoren, K, Giallo, R, Ohinmaa, A, Lasiuk, G, MacQueen, G, Sword, W, Lane-Smith, M, and van Zanten, SV
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stress, depression, and anxiety affect 15% to 25% of pregnant women. However, substantial barriers to psychosocial assessment exist, resulting in less than 20% of prenatal care providers assessing and treating mental health problems. Moreover, pregnant women are often reluctant to disclose their mental health concerns to a healthcare provider. Identifying screening and assessment tools and procedures that are acceptable to both women and service providers, cost-effective, and clinically useful is needed. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary objective of this randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a computer tablet-based prenatal psychosocial assessment (e-screening) compared to paper-based screening. Secondary objectives are to compare the two modes of screening on: (1) the level of detection of prenatal depression and anxiety symptoms and psychosocial risk; (2) the level of disclosure of symptoms; (3) the factors associated with feasibility, acceptability, and disclosure; (4) the psychometric properties of the e-version of the assessment tools; and (5) cost-effectiveness. A sample of 542 women will be recruited from large, primary care maternity clinics and a high-risk antenatal unit in an urban Canadian city. Pregnant women are eligible to participate if they: (1) receive care at one of the recruitment sites; (2) are able to speak/read English; (3) are willing to be randomized to e-screening; and (4) are willing to participate in a follow-up diagnostic interview within 1 week of recruitment. Allocation is by computer-generated randomization. Women in the intervention group will complete an online psychosocial assessment on a computer tablet, while those in the control group will complete the same assessment in paper-based form. All women will complete baseline questionnaires at the time of recruitment and will participate in a diagnostic interview within 1 week of recruitment. Research assistants conduc
- Published
- 2014
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