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The article discusses the discovery of VEXAS syndrome, an inflammatory and hematological disease first described in 2020, which affects around 1 in 4200 men over 50 years old. Researchers analyzed previous studies from 1960 to 2020 and identified patient subgroups with clinical features suggestive of VEXAS syndrome, such as cytopenia and chronic inflammation. While the patients in these studies may not have had UBA1 mutations, their characteristics align with VEXAS syndrome, shedding light on a long-standing clinical and research question. [Extracted from the article]